一.產品介紹
湖(hu)羊(yang)(yang)原來(lai)叫(jiao)做胡(hu)羊(yang)(yang),源于北方(fang)蒙古羊(yang)(yang),距今已(yi)有1000多(duo)年歷(li)史。據歷(li)史資料記(ji)載,南宋(song)遷都臨安,黃河流(liu)域的居(ju)民大量南移,同(tong)時把飼養(yang)在冀、魯、豫的“大白羊(yang)(yang)”攜至江(jiang)(jiang)南,主(zhu)要飼養(yang)在江(jiang)(jiang)浙(zhe)(zhe)兩省交界的太(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)域一帶。又據宋(song)《談志》記(ji)載,原先湖(hu)羊(yang)(yang)主(zhu)要分布于浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)西北部的安吉、長(chang)興等(deng)縣,后來(lai)逐漸(jian)由山(shan)(shan)區(qu)移向平(ping)原,由放牧轉入(ru)(ru)舍飼,經(jing)過人們長(chang)期馴養(yang)和選育,逐步形成了(le)(le)湖(hu)羊(yang)(yang)品種。 21世紀以來(lai),羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)消費需求日(ri)益(yi)增加價格也不斷攀升,規模化、生(sheng)態化、標準化養(yang)殖不斷發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),湖(hu)州(zhou)湖(hu)羊(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)迅速。湖(hu)州(zhou)多(duo)次舉辦湖(hu)羊(yang)(yang)文化節和賽(sai)羊(yang)(yang)會(hui)(hui),湖(hu)羊(yang)(yang)文化得到了(le)(le)弘揚。南潯區(qu)練市(shi)鎮(zhen)被(bei)(bei)授予“湖(hu)羊(yang)(yang)文化名鎮(zhen)”榮譽(yu)稱(cheng)號,長(chang)興縣呂山(shan)(shan)鄉被(bei)(bei)授予“浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)湖(hu)羊(yang)(yang)之鄉”; 2015年長(chang)興呂山(shan)(shan)湖(hu)羊(yang)(yang)獲得全國“十大魅力農產(chan)(chan)品”稱(cheng)號,德清新市(shi)湖(hu)式剪羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)被(bei)(bei)編入(ru)(ru)了(le)(le)《中(zhong)國名菜譜》, 湖(hu)州(zhou)練市(shi)鎮(zhen)榮膺浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省餐飲(yin)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)頒發(fa)(fa)的“紅燒羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)第(di)一鎮(zhen)”美譽(yu)。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史因素(su)
1、生(sheng)態條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)。湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)處浙江北部,太湖(hu)(hu)南岸,緊鄰江蘇、安徽兩省,是一個河流(liu)成網(wang)、交(jiao)通方便、土(tu)壤肥(fei)沃、氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)暖(nuan)、雨量充沛,適宜發(fa)展糧食、畜牧等綜(zong)合(he)性農業生(sheng)產的地(di)區。現轄三(san)縣、兩區,東部為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)鄉平原(yuan)(yuan),西部以山(shan)地(di)、丘(qiu)陵為(wei)主(zhu),俗稱“五(wu)山(shan)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)四(si)分田(tian)”。全市(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)勢(shi)大致由西南向東北傾斜,西部多(duo)山(shan),東部為(wei)平原(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)網(wang)區。京(jing)杭大運河及東、西苕溪,杭寧(ning)、申蘇浙皖、申嘉湖(hu)(hu)高速及104、318國道(dao)等貫穿。獨(du)特的水(shui)(shui)(shui)網(wang)區域(yu)和丘(qiu)陵平原(yuan)(yuan)相間的環境,給(gei)(gei)湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)湖(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)生(sheng)產提(ti)(ti)供了優越的環境條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也給(gei)(gei)飼(si)養(yang)區間形成理(li)想的防疫(yi)隔離屏障。 2、氣(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)。湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)處北亞熱(re)帶季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候區,季風(feng)顯著,四(si)季分明;雨熱(re)同(tong)季,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)充沛;光溫(wen)(wen)同(tong)步,日照充沛;氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和,空氣(qi)(qi)濕(shi)潤;地(di)形起伏高差大,垂(chui)直(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)候較明顯。全市(shi)(shi)(shi)年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)12.2~17.3℃,無霜(shuang)期224~246天(tian),年日照時(shi)(shi)數1613~2430小時(shi)(shi),年太陽輻射總量102~111千卡/平方厘米(mi),年降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量761~1780毫米(mi),年降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)日數116~156天(tian),年平均(jun)相對濕(shi)度均(jun)在80%以上。湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)風(feng)向季節變化(hua)明顯,冬半(ban)年盛(sheng)行(xing)西北風(feng),夏半(ban)年盛(sheng)行(xing)東南風(feng),年平均(jun)風(feng)速1.7~3.2米(mi)/秒。獨(du)特的氣(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)非常適合(he)湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)湖(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)的生(sheng)活,有(you)(you)利(li)于提(ti)(ti)高湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)湖(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)品質,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也有(you)(you)利(li)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻、桑樹(shu)、蔬菜(cai)和茶(cha)葉(xie)種(zhong)植(zhi)及牧草和飼(si)料(liao)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)長,更形成了 “桑基魚塘”的特色,為(wei)湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)湖(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)生(sheng)產提(ti)(ti)供豐(feng)富的農作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)秸稈飼(si)料(liao)資源外更為(wei)湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)湖(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)提(ti)(ti)供良好的飼(si)養(yang)場(chang)地(di)。
三.地域范圍
湖州(zhou)湖羊產(chan)地為湖州(zhou)市域全境,轄吳(wu)興(xing)(xing)和(he)南潯(xun)2個(ge)區和(he)德(de)清(qing)、長(chang)興(xing)(xing)、安(an)吉3個(ge)縣,具體分(fen)布于44個(ge)鄉(鎮)、511個(ge)行政村。陸地分(fen)別與杭(hang)州(zhou)余杭(hang)區、嘉(jia)興(xing)(xing)桐鄉市、江蘇(su)吳(wu)江市、安(an)徽寧國和(he)廣德(de)市、江蘇(su)宜興(xing)(xing)市相(xiang)鄰(lin),北面與太(tai)湖相(xiang)連。位于東經119度(du)(du)14分(fen)至120度(du)(du)29分(fen)、北緯30度(du)(du)22分(fen)至31度(du)(du)11分(fen)之(zhi)間,東西長(chang)126公里(li),南北寬90公里(li)范圍內(nei),總面積5818平(ping)方公里(li)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性(xing)特征
1、感官特(te)征 1.1外貌特(te)征 湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屬短脂尾綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。體格中等(deng),頭狹(xia)長而清(qing)秀,公(gong)(gong)(gong)、母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)無角,鼻骨(gu)隆起,眼(yan)大(da)凸(tu)出,多(duo)數(shu)耳大(da)下(xia)垂。頸(jing)細長,體軀(qu)偏狹(xia)長,肩(jian)胸較狹(xia)窄,背腰(yao)平直,腹(fu)微下(xia)垂,尾扁(bian)園且尾尖上(shang)翹,四肢偏細而高(gao),母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)尻部(bu)略高(gao)于耆甲,乳房發(fa)達。公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體型較大(da),前軀(qu)發(fa)達,胸寬深,胸毛粗長。 1.2生(sheng)產(chan)特(te)征 湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)終年(nian)(nian)舍飼(si),適應高(gao)溫高(gao)濕環(huan)境(jing)。早期生(sheng)長發(fa)育快,6月齡羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)可(ke)達成年(nian)(nian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體重的(de)(de)70%以(yi)上(shang),成年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體重分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)65公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤、45公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左右。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)成熟早,公(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)5~6月齡性(xing)成熟,四季發(fa)情,多(duo)胎(tai)多(duo)羔(gao),平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)產(chan)羔(gao)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)230%左右。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)肉(rou)性(xing)能高(gao),屠宰率(lv)和(he)凈肉(rou)率(lv)分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)52%和(he)38%左右。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩多(duo)汁,胴體美觀、均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)稱、光凈、有彈性(xing),肉(rou)呈棕(zong)紅色,脂肪(fang)分布均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻(yun)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)初生(sheng)所(suo)宰剝的(de)(de)小湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)皮皮板輕(qing)柔、毛色潔白、花紋(wen)呈波浪狀、光澤美觀。 2、獨特(te)的(de)(de)內在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi) 湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肥羔(gao)肉(rou)蛋白質(zhi)達17%-19%,人體所(suo)需(xu)要的(de)(de)必(bi)需(xu)氨基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)齊全,氨基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)總(zong)量(liang)在14%-17%,谷(gu)(gu)氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、天門冬氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、亮氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、賴(lai)氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、纈氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)及(ji)蘇氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)等(deng)氨基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)含量(liang)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)較豐富,尤其(qi)是谷(gu)(gu)氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、賴(lai)氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)含量(liang)高(gao),占必(bi)需(xu)氨基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)(de)16.5%和(he)8.7%。 3、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)相關標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)與規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan) 2013年(nian)(nian),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)市(shi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)規(gui)(gui)模養(yang)殖比重(存(cun)欄20只以(yi)上(shang))為(wei)(wei)66.35%,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)殖逐漸(jian)由散養(yang)向規(gui)(gui)模化方向發(fa)展。遵照農業部(bu)《無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)認證(zheng)產(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)檢測(ce)管(guan)理(li)(li)辦法(fa)》(農質(zhi)安(an)發(fa)【2003】9號)、《無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)調查規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(NT/T5335-2006)、《無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)評價準(zhun)(zhun)則》(NT/T5295-2004)及(ji)《無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)(pin)畜(chu)禽(qin)用水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)》(NY5027-2008)等(deng)國家強制性(xing)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)要求,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)市(shi)太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)專業合(he)作社、長興(xing)永盛牧業有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司、南潯練(lian)市(shi)年(nian)(nian)豐湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)殖場(chang)(chang)、吳興(xing)明(ming)峰湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)殖場(chang)(chang)、南潯雅克家庭(ting)農場(chang)(chang)等(deng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)規(gui)(gui)模養(yang)殖場(chang)(chang)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)通過湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害產(chan)地、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)認證(zheng)。同(tong)時,根據《種(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)禽(qin)管(guan)理(li)(li)條例(li)》(1994,國務院令153號發(fa)布)、《種(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)禽(qin)生(sheng)產(chan)經營許可(ke)證(zheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)辦法(fa)》(2004,農業部(bu)令第(di)38號修訂)、《中華(hua)人民(min)共和(he)國畜(chu)牧法(fa)》及(ji)《中華(hua)人民(min)共和(he)國動物防疫(yi)法(fa)》等(deng)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)(gui)和(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)特(te)性(xing)、等(deng)級評定標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(GB 4631-2006),修訂頒布《湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)養(yang)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DB 3305/T27—2013)。
五(wu).特定生產方式
1、環境(jing)(jing)與設(she)(she)施(shi) 湖羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖選(xuan)(xuan)址要(yao)(yao)地(di)勢高燥,水(shui)源(yuan)充足(zu)(zu);距離生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活飲用(yong)水(shui)源(yuan)地(di)、動物(wu)(wu)屠宰(zai)加工(gong)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)、動物(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)動物(wu)(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)集貿市場(chang)(chang)500米以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang);羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場(chang)(chang)布局要(yao)(yao)合(he)理(li)(li)(li),有圍墻,管理(li)(li)(li)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活區、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區分(fen)(fen)(fen)離,建(jian)有相應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)防(fang)疫(yi)、排泄(xie)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)等配(pei)(pei)套設(she)(she)施(shi),污道凈道分(fen)(fen)(fen)設(she)(she)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)舍(she)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)坐(zuo)北朝(chao)南建(jian)設(she)(she),偏東不超過30度(du)(du),保持羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)舍(she)縱向軸(zhou)線與當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)常年主(zhu)(zhu)導風向呈(cheng)30度(du)(du)-60度(du)(du)角(jiao);羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)舍(she)間距一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5米~7米,羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)欄(lan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)沿(yan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)舍(she)長(chang)軸(zhou)方(fang)向呈(cheng)單列(lie)或(huo)雙(shuang)列(lie)布置,羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)舍(she)檐(yan)高2.5m以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)床采(cai)用(yong)木條(tiao)、老毛竹(zhu)條(tiao)或(huo)水(shui)泥預制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)鋪(pu)成(cheng),間隔1cm-1.5cm空(kong)隙以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)漏(lou)糞尿。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場(chang)(chang)內(nei)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)配(pei)(pei)備柵(zha)欄(lan)、食槽(cao)、飲水(shui)槽(cao)或(huo)自動乳頭(tou)(tou)式(shi)飲水(shui)器、羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)補料(liao)(liao)槽(cao)、冰箱等設(she)(she)施(shi)。 2、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)能(neng) 湖羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)快、成(cheng)熟早(zao)、四季發情(qing)、多(duo)胎(tai)(tai)多(duo)產(chan)(chan)(chan),所(suo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)皮花紋美(mei)觀,為(wei)(wei)(wei)我國特有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)皮用(yong)優(you)良地(di)方(fang)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。湖羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)情(qing)溫順,食性(xing)(xing)雜(za),耐粗飼(si)(si)(si),易(yi)管理(li)(li)(li)。 3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管理(li)(li)(li)技(ji)術 3.1 羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管理(li)(li)(li) 羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)30分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘內(nei)及(ji)(ji)時吃上(shang)(shang)(shang)初乳,羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)40日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)內(nei)對(dui)于(yu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)乳不足(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弱羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)做好人工(gong)輔助或(huo)用(yong)代乳品(pin)(pin)哺喂(wei), 7—10日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)開始補飼(si)(si)(si)優(you)質(zhi)青干(gan)(gan)(gan)草和(he)(he)粗蛋白為(wei)(wei)(wei)16%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精料(liao)(liao), 45日(ri)-70日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)15公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左右(you)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)斷(duan)(duan)奶(nai),斷(duan)(duan)奶(nai)后(hou)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按照公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、大小分(fen)(fen)(fen)群(qun)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。 3.2 育(yu)(yu)肥羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)(li)(li) 保證(zheng)(zheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充足(zu)(zu)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),出(chu)欄(lan)前(qian)45天(tian)(tian)-60天(tian)(tian)進(jin)行(xing)短(duan)(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)育(yu)(yu)肥,育(yu)(yu)肥后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)嚴格執行(xing)休藥(yao)期(qi)(qi)(qi),達不到休藥(yao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),禁止(zhi)出(chu)售(shou)(shou)。 3.3 繁殖母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)(li)(li) 空(kong)懷期(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)群(qun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)對(dui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)短(duan)(duan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)優(you)飼(si)(si)(si),配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)至30天(tian)(tian)內(nei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)適當(dang)(dang)(dang)降低營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)標(biao)準,妊娠第(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)保證(zheng)(zheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)環境(jing)(jing)安靜,妊娠31天(tian)(tian)至90天(tian)(tian),可適當(dang)(dang)(dang)加料(liao)(liao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)草為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),妊娠90天(tian)(tian)至分(fen)(fen)(fen)娩(mian)(mian)(mian)前(qian),按母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)膘情(qing),逐(zhu)步(bu)適當(dang)(dang)(dang)加料(liao)(liao),不隨意改變飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)換(huan)欄(lan),減(jian)少(shao)并圈和(he)(he)驅趕運動,避免應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)激(ji)造(zao)成(cheng)流(liu)產(chan)(chan)(chan);臨產(chan)(chan)(chan)前(qian)7天(tian)(tian),做好乳房(fang)保健(jian);分(fen)(fen)(fen)娩(mian)(mian)(mian)結束后(hou),應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)給母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)喂(wei)麩皮鹽湯,產(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)1~3天(tian)(tian)內(nei)適當(dang)(dang)(dang)減(jian)少(shao)精料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)青綠飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)喂(wei)量,母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)娩(mian)(mian)(mian)3天(tian)(tian)~5天(tian)(tian)后(hou),日(ri)糧(liang)精料(liao)(liao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)逐(zhu)步(bu)增加,干(gan)(gan)(gan)草自由采(cai)食;斷(duan)(duan)奶(nai)前(qian)7天(tian)(tian)~10天(tian)(tian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)減(jian)少(shao)精料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)多(duo)汁飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)喂(wei)量,防(fang)止(zhi)乳房(fang)炎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。 3.4 配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong) 初配(pei)(pei)年齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)6月(yue)(yue)-8月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)(ling)、體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)35公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)8月(yue)(yue)-10月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)(ling)、體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)45公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),初配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)達到成(cheng)年羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)70%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang);一(yi)般(ban)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春秋二季配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong), 4月(yue)(yue)-6月(yue)(yue)份、9-11月(yue)(yue)份配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜,現(xian)實(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中注(zhu)意避開7月(yue)(yue)-8月(yue)(yue)產(chan)(chan)(chan)仔(zi);合(he)理(li)(li)(li)安排生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)模式(shi),實(shi)(shi)現(xian)2年產(chan)(chan)(chan)3胎(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao),提倡(chang)推廣(guang)“一(yi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)帶雙(shuang)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)”和(he)(he)“羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)適時斷(duan)(duan)奶(nai)或(huo)提前(qian)斷(duan)(duan)奶(nai)”等實(shi)(shi)用(yong)配(pei)(pei)套技(ji)術。 4、選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)技(ji)術 湖羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)本品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),后(hou)備種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)考慮同胞數(shu)、羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)皮等級和(he)(he)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)等選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)指標(biao),盡(jin)量從多(duo)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)后(hou)代中選(xuan)(xuan)留個(ge)(ge)體(ti),初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)重(zhong)(zhong)2.25 kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)2 kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang);同胎(tai)(tai)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)數(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)2頭(tou)(tou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)3頭(tou)(tou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang);六月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)(ling)平均(jun)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)35kg、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)45 kg,成(cheng)年羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)平均(jun)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)79 kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)50 kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。保持能(neng)繁母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)更(geng)新率在(zai)25%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang);及(ji)(ji)時淘汰(tai)更(geng)新種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),防(fang)止(zhi)近親交配(pei)(pei)。 5、疫(yi)病預防(fang)控制(zhi)技(ji)術 湖羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)環境(jing)(jing)、水(shui)質(zhi)符合(he)動物(wu)(wu)防(fang)疫(yi)條(tiao)件和(he)(he)無公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)害農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)求;生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中不得使用(yong)《食品(pin)(pin)動物(wu)(wu)禁用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獸(shou)藥(yao)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)他化(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)清單》規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu),出(chu)售(shou)(shou)前(qian)用(yong)藥(yao)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)執行(xing)《獸(shou)藥(yao)休藥(yao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》;羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)立日(ri)常衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消(xiao)毒制(zhi)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)緊急消(xiao)毒預案;嚴格執行(xing)免疫(yi)程序,免疫(yi)時間可根據生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)實(shi)(shi)際和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)免疫(yi)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding),并應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)檢測抗體(ti)水(shui)平。其(qi)他疫(yi)病預防(fang)免疫(yi)根據當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)疫(yi)情(qing)或(huo)動物(wu)(wu)防(fang)疫(yi)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。 6、產(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)技(ji)術 羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場(chang)(chang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記錄(lu)表格,準確(que)完整地(di)填(tian)寫(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)情(qing)況(包括引進(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、羔(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)、二月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)(ling)種(zhong)(zhong)、補料(liao)(liao)數(shu)量、免疫(yi)注(zhu)射日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、診(zhen)斷(duan)(duan)與用(yong)藥(yao)、肉(rou)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出(chu)售(shou)(shou)、病死羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)無害化(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)等記錄(lu));種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、可繁母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)登記編號、佩帶耳標(biao),并記錄(lu)其(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng);根據原始記錄(lu),定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)統計、分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)和(he)(he)總結,及(ji)(ji)時指導生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關規(gui)定
湖(hu)州市域全境從事湖(hu)羊生(sheng)產經(jing)營(ying)者,在(zai)產品或包裝上使(shi)(shi)用已獲登記保護的農(nong)產品地(di)理標志(zhi)(zhi),須向湖(hu)州市畜牧獸(shou)醫局提出申(shen)請(qing),簽訂標志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用協(xie)議(yi),并按照相(xiang)關要求規范生(sheng)產和(he)使(shi)(shi)用標志(zhi)(zhi),統一采(cai)用產品名稱和(he)農(nong)產品地(di)理標志(zhi)(zhi)公共標識相(xiang)結合的標識標注(zhu)方法(fa)。