《定軍山》又名《取東川》《一戰成功(gong)》,京劇(ju)(ju)傳統劇(ju)(ju)目(mu)(mu)。取材于(yu)《三國(guo)演義》,大(da)體與(yu)清宮廷大(da)戲《鼎峙春秋》中(zhong)的(de)內(nei)容(rong)相仿。劇(ju)(ju)本由譚富英(ying)、陶君起整理,寶文堂出版(ban)。有(you)《戲考》《戲學匯(hui)考》《戲典》《修訂平(ping)劇(ju)(ju)選》《戲學指南》《名伶京劇(ju)(ju)大(da)觀》《京劇(ju)(ju)從(cong)刊》等刊本。除(chu)京劇(ju)(ju)外,漢劇(ju)(ju)、川劇(ju)(ju)、微劇(ju)(ju)、秦(qin)腔、晉(jin)劇(ju)(ju)、粵劇(ju)(ju)、滇劇(ju)(ju)、同(tong)州梆子(zi)河(he)北梆子(zi)等劇(ju)(ju)種均(jun)有(you)該劇(ju)(ju)目(mu)(mu)。
該劇目(mu)講述了三國時期,魏蜀交戰(zhan),曹操遣大將(jiang)(jiang)張(zhang)頜攻打(da)葭萌(meng)關,張(zhang)敗走(zou)定軍(jun)山,投(tou)奔夏(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan)。諸葛亮用激(ji)(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)法使黃忠(zhong)立下軍(jun)令狀,發誓十日內攻下定軍(jun)山。兩軍(jun)交戰(zhan)中(zhong),黃忠(zhong)生擒(qin)夏(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan)之侄夏(xia)侯(hou)尚,并(bing)用其換(huan)取(qu)部將(jiang)(jiang)陳式。在走(zou)馬換(huan)將(jiang)(jiang)之際,黃忠(zhong)將(jiang)(jiang)夏(xia)侯(hou)尚射死,激(ji)(ji)夏(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan)出(chu)陣較量,并(bing)施展(zhan)拖(tuo)刀計,斬殺夏(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan),奪取(qu)定軍(jun)山。
諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)一生用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兵(bing),善用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激(ji)(ji)將之法。建安二(er)十三年,魏(wei)(wei)將張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)犯葭(jia)萌關,守將霍峻申報乞救。諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)又用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)此(ci)法,佯言(yan)欲向閬(lang)中(zhong)調(diao)取張(zhang)飛往(wang)敵,并力(li)夸張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)乃魏(wei)(wei)之名將,斷非(fei)張(zhang)飛不可,以(yi)激(ji)(ji)眾(zhong)心。時黃(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)年雖老,然心雄萬夫,竟為(wei)諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)所激(ji)(ji)動,即(ji)(ji)在(zai)帳前輪刀開弓,以(yi)示勇(yong)(yong)力(li)。銳身自任,愿往(wang)破張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he),并舉(ju)老將嚴顏(yan)為(wei)副。諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)知(zhi)二(er)人智勇(yong)(yong)兼(jian)全,本(ben)自可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),遂遣(qian)之。既(ji)赴救。張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)欺(qi)二(er)將皆老邁,易視之,不意黃(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)始用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)驕(jiao)兵(bing)之計,連次佯敗,卒(zu)于(yu)一夜突出(chu)襲殺,大敗張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)軍(jun),直逼漢(han)水。張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)、夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)尚等,只得退(tui)奔天(tian)蕩山(shan)夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)德(de)處。蓋天(tian)蕩、米(mi)倉兩山(shan),系魏(wei)(wei)兵(bing)屯(tun)(tun)糧之要隘也(ye)。詎張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)、夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)尚等才至(zhi)未幾,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)已(yi)引(yin)軍(jun)追及,鼓噪而(er)進(jin)。蓋黃(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)預遣(qian)嚴顏(yan)抄出(chu)山(shan)后,在(zai)前燒屯(tun)(tun)接(jie)應。故能一戰而(er)克(ke)天(tian)蕩。斬(zhan)夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)德(de),兵(bing)勢如破竹也(ye)。既(ji)得天(tian)蕩,諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)即(ji)(ji)偕劉備(bei),舉(ju)兵(bing)十萬,進(jin)駐(zhu)葭(jia)萌。擬乘勝直圖(tu)漢(han)中(zhong)。諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)知(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)軍(jun)威方振,余勇(yong)(yong)可賈,尤可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)。乃下令欲取定軍(jun)山(shan),且(qie)言(yan)夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵非(fei)張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)之比,復以(yi)調(diao)回關羽一語(yu)激(ji)(ji)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)益奮勇(yong)(yong),如前狀。諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)于(yu)是遣(qian)法正為(wei)之佐,復任黃(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)前鋒。陰遣(qian)趙云將奇兵(bing)出(chu)小路(lu)接(jie)應。既(ji)而(er)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)乘兩軍(jun)釋換俘(fu)虜之時,故意射死夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)尚,以(yi)激(ji)(ji)怒(nu)夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵,使夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵輕進(jin)憤事。夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵果(guo)以(yi)此(ci)致敗,卒(zu)被黃(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)刀劈馬下而(er)亡。蜀軍(jun)遂定東川。