一.產品介紹
蓬萊(lai)被譽為“中國海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)苗種(zhong)之鄉”。蓬萊(lai)區(qu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 蓬萊(lai)區(qu)續志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(卷之五(wu)食貨志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 清光緒十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1886年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))魚(yu)屬 海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)。蓬萊(lai)區(qu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(山(shan)東省蓬萊(lai)市(shi)史志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)編(bian)纂委員會(hui) 編(bian) 齊(qi)魯(lu)書社(she)出版(ban)發行1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)) 盛(sheng)產海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)系國內(nei)20余(yu)種(zhong)食用(yong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)中的(de)上乘佳品(pin)(pin),營(ying)養(yang)(yang)價值極高(gao)。第(di)330頁,第(di)五(wu)節描(miao)(miao)述,80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,縣(xian)內(nei)開始(shi)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)蓬萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)等海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍品(pin)(pin)。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍品(pin)(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)中心首(shou)次(ci)在(zai)(zai)近海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)投放海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)苗種(zhong),到1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共投放海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)苗種(zhong)220萬頭。增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)內(nei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產量(liang)0.1噸,增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)后的(de)1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產量(liang)均為0.25噸。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍品(pin)(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)中心進行50畝海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)產實驗,1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)收獲,效果頗佳,單位面積存貨12.9頭/平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米,平(ping)(ping)均畝產量(liang)18.2公斤(jin)(干品(pin)(pin))。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)達到800畝,少量(liang)采捕400公斤(jin)(干品(pin)(pin))。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)達到1000畝。煙臺(tai)水產志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(山(shan)東省出版(ban)總社(she)煙臺(tai)分(fen)社(she)1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))第(di)67頁描(miao)(miao)述,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)全市(shi)只有(you)刺參(can)(can)(can)(can)一種(zhong)。除(chu)了萊(lai)陽(yang)縣(xian)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)外(wai)其余(yu)各縣(xian)(市(shi)、區(qu))凡有(you)巖礁、礫(li)石和大葉藻叢生的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域,都有(you)分(fen)布(bu),其中以蓬萊(lai)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)最多,據調(diao)查,全市(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)資源面積約8.8萬畝。資源現存量(liang)5252噸(鮮(xian)品(pin)(pin)),適宜年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)采量(liang)約1000噸,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)采捕在(zai)(zai)民國以前(qian),靠人力漚水潛底(di)撈取或(huo)在(zai)(zai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)面游泳用(yong)叉槍(qiang)刺扎(zha)。
二(er).自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和(he)人文歷史因素
1、獨特(te)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件:蓬(peng)萊(lai)市地(di)(di)渤海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)峽(xia)南(nan)岸(an),膠東(dong)半島(dao)北(bei)部中央(yang),海(hai)(hai)岸(an)線全長60km。屬季(ji)風型(xing)大陸性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)具(ju)有溫和濕潤,四(si)季(ji)分明(ming),氣(qi)(qi)溫變化幅度較(jiao)小,年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫12.2℃,年平均降(jiang)雨640.6mm,7-8月(yue)份為多雨季(ji)節,達300-370mm,占全年總降(jiang)水量的(de)50-55﹪。由于蓬(peng)萊(lai)地(di)(di)處山東(dong)半島(dao)北(bei)海(hai)(hai)岸(an),山東(dong)半島(dao)及遼東(dong)半島(dao)將渤海(hai)(hai)環繞其中,而蓬(peng)萊(lai)則伸入海(hai)(hai)中,受(shou)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)調節,冬(dong)季(ji)無嚴寒(han),夏季(ji)無酷(ku)暑,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)涼爽,光照充足,地(di)(di)處東(dong)經120°35'~121°09',北(bei)緯37°25'~37°50',37℃的(de)黃金緯度可(ke)生產品質(zhi)極為優良的(de)“蓬(peng)萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)參”。海(hai)(hai)參生長繁殖(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)節,溫度適宜(yi),光照充足,有利于各種餌料生物的(de)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)生長,適宜(yi)的(de)獨特(te)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件為“蓬(peng)萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)參”的(de)生存與(yu)生長提(ti)供了基礎。
2、獨特(te)的(de)底質條件:蓬萊沿海(hai)(hai)屬于基巖(yan)海(hai)(hai)岸(an),由于山崖(ya)和岬角(jiao)的(de)延伸,形成(cheng)了一(yi)些登州、灣子(zi)口、銅(tong)井、劉家旺、五(wu)十(shi)里堡等(deng)天然的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)型港灣。沿岸(an)坡度較(jiao)大(da)(da),礁石(shi)(shi)較(jiao)多(duo),灘涂面(mian)積(ji)較(jiao)少(shao),而3-15m等(deng)深線以(yi)(yi)內(nei)(nei)海(hai)(hai)域則多(duo)以(yi)(yi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)礫、巖(yan)礁、貝殼、礫石(shi)(shi)為(wei)主。灣內(nei)(nei)流(liu)緩(huan)而暢通,流(liu)速緩(huan)慢(man)、風浪(lang)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)淺海(hai)(hai)和內(nei)(nei)灣,其(qi)上分(fen)布著(zhu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)(ge)(ge)樣的(de)大(da)(da)型海(hai)(hai)藻(zao)(zao)主要(yao)有鼠(shu)尾藻(zao)(zao)、海(hai)(hai)嵩子(zi)、石(shi)(shi)莼、條滸(hu)臺(tai)、條斑(ban)紫菜、石(shi)(shi)花(hua)菜和大(da)(da)葉藻(zao)(zao)和大(da)(da)量硅藻(zao)(zao)、圓篩藻(zao)(zao)等(deng)浮游植物和多(duo)種(zhong)生物, 含泥量10%以(yi)(yi)下(沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)礫為(wei)主、泥沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)混合(he)、沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)粒較(jiao)大(da)(da)、細沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)和粉(fen)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)含量少(shao))最適宜海(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)棲息礁石(shi)(shi)形態各(ge)(ge)(ge)異、大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)等(deng),交錯(cuo)排列,形成(cheng)很多(duo)縫(feng)隙、孔洞的(de)礁石(shi)(shi),這不(bu)僅(jin)為(wei)“蓬萊海(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)”生長提(ti)供了充足的(de)餌料,同(tong)時也為(wei)“蓬萊海(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)”提(ti)供了良好的(de)生存繁衍的(de)環境條件。
3、獨特的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)質條(tiao)件(jian):蓬(peng)(peng)(peng)萊沿(yan)海(hai)屬于(yu)正(zheng)規半(ban)日潮(chao)(chao),平均(jun)大潮(chao)(chao)升為(wei)169cm,平均(jun)小(xiao)潮(chao)(chao)升為(wei)139cm,平均(jun)海(hai)面100cm,潮(chao)(chao)流從(cong)低(di)潮(chao)(chao)開(kai)始為(wei)東流,在高(gao)潮(chao)(chao)前0.5-1小(xiao)時(shi)轉西流,東流流速較小(xiao),西流流速較大,最大2.3節,但是不(bu)規則。海(hai)水(shui)(shui)年(nian)透明度(du)變(bian)化(hua)范(fan)圍為(wei)90-380cm,年(nian)平均(jun)水(shui)(shui)溫為(wei)12.2℃,海(hai)水(shui)(shui)平均(jun)PH值為(wei)8.2;鹽(yan)度(du)為(wei)28.8-31.7‰,水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)溶解氧年(nian)變(bian)化(hua)范(fan)圍8.9-12.8。所以(yi)說蓬(peng)(peng)(peng)萊海(hai)區(qu)海(hai)浪流暢通(tong),水(shui)(shui)質肥沃而清新,無(wu)污染源(yuan)。“蓬(peng)(peng)(peng)萊海(hai)參(can)”屬狹鹽(yan)性(xing)動物,生(sheng)活(huo)在潮(chao)(chao)流暢通(tong)、水(shui)(shui)質清澈、無(wu)大量淡水(shui)(shui)注入(ru)的(de)(de)巖礁底(di)(di)或沙(sha)底(di)(di)。其生(sheng)活(huo)區(qu)多(duo)富有(you)(you)底(di)(di)棲硅藻及(ji)大型藻類。幼(you)小(xiao)個體(ti)多(duo)生(sheng)活(huo)在大葉藻基部及(ji)礁石(shi)、礫石(shi)下,成年(nian)個體(ti)逐漸移向深(shen)水(shui)(shui)區(qu),即分布(bu)在水(shui)(shui)深(shen)8~20m的(de)(de)海(hai)底(di)(di)。獨特的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)質條(tiao)件(jian)為(wei)“蓬(peng)(peng)(peng)萊海(hai)參(can)”的(de)(de)生(sheng)長棲息提供了天然(ran)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)利(li)條(tiao)件(jian),可以(yi)生(sheng)產品質優(you)的(de)(de)”蓬(peng)(peng)(peng)萊海(hai)參(can)”。
三.地域范圍
“蓬萊(lai)海參”的生產地(di)域范圍是:蓬萊(lai)閣街道(西莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、林格(ge)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))、新港街道(矯格(ge)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大皂孫家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、灣子口村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、趙(zhao)格(ge)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、銅井村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、營(ying)子里村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、劉家(jia)旺村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))、劉家(jia)溝鎮(東(dong)趙(zhao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、木基遲家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南吳家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、解宋(song)營(ying)西村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、解宋(song)營(ying)東(dong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、朱家(jia)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、墟里村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、海頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))、潮(chao)水鎮(衙前村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))周圍海域。地(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經120°40'32.25"-121°01'26.23",北緯37°42'39.01"-37°50'43.45"。地(di)域保護養殖面(mian)積(ji)1萬(wan)公頃(qing),年(nian)產量(liang)5000噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
1、產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特色(se):體(ti)形肥滿、圓筒狀,體(ti)長(chang)一般(ban)20-40cm,體(ti)寬3~6cm,體(ti)表亮潔呈黃褐色(se)或栗黑色(se)。背面稍隆起(qi),上有(you)(you)4~6行挺(ting)直圓錐形的肉刺(疣(you)突)。腹面色(se)淺(qian)(qian),一般(ban)呈淺(qian)(qian)黃褐色(se)。具有(you)(you)海參(can)特有(you)(you)的海鮮味(wei),無異(yi)味(wei)。 內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標:口感清爽,味(wei)道鮮美(mei),營養豐富,鮮參(can)含(han)有(you)(you)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)≥5.00g/100g、脂肪≤0.10g/100g、鈣≥30mg/100g、鋅≥3.0mg/kg。
2、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)規定:嚴格按照以上“特定生產(chan)方式(shi)”中(zhong)所提到的(de)(de)產(chan)地環境、育苗和(he)(he)養(yang)殖中(zhong)的(de)(de)技術要求(qiu)從(cong)事生產(chan)經營,嚴格執行(xing)《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)(he)國食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)法》、《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)(he)國農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)法》、GB18406.4《農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)無公(gong)害(hai)水(shui)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)要求(qiu)》、NY5052《無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)海水(shui)養(yang)殖用(yong)水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)》、NY5328《無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)海參》、NY 5071《無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)漁用(yong)藥物(wu)使用(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)》、NY 5073《無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)水(shui)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)有(you)毒有(you)害(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)限量(liang)》中(zhong)規定的(de)(de)各項(xiang)技術標準(zhun)。按照上述(shu)各項(xiang)標準(zhun)要求(qiu),制訂質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)細則(ze),強化完善質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)制度,確(que)保“蓬萊海參”的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)。
五.特(te)定生產方式
1、產(chan)地環境(jing):蓬萊(lai)沿海(hai)海(hai)區自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境(jing)優良(liang),遠離大江大河,受工業“三(san)廢”及農業、城鎮生(sheng)活污水的(de)影(ying)響很小(xiao)。水溫適宜,浮(fu)游(you)生(sheng)物豐富,海(hai)區水質符合NY5052的(de)規定要求,為(wei)“蓬萊(lai)海(hai)參”的(de)繁(fan)衍生(sheng)長創造了(le)得天(tian)獨厚的(de)自(zi)然環境(jing)條件。
2、育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)和(he)養(yang)殖(zhi):親參和(he)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)按SC/T 2003.1、SC/T 2003.2技(ji)術規(gui)范實施。常溫(wen)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)于五月(yue)下旬(xun)開始(shi)(shi),升溫(wen)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)于三月(yue)上旬(xun)開始(shi)(shi),人工育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)是從受(shou)精卵培養(yang)到五觸手幼體,然后(hou)進(jin)入養(yang)苗(miao)(miao)階段,到體長(chang)1cm以(yi)(yi)上可(ke)以(yi)(yi)移到室外池塘中間育(yu)成,體長(chang)到3-5cm可(ke)以(yi)(yi)投放(fang)到工廠化養(yang)殖(zhi)、池塘養(yang)殖(zhi)、海(hai)(hai)上網箱(xiang)、筏式養(yang)殖(zhi)和(he)自然海(hai)(hai)域(yu)人工增養(yang)殖(zhi)。
六.包裝標識(shi)相(xiang)關規定
在(zai)產(chan)(chan)區地域范(fan)(fan)圍內的所有從事(shi)“蓬萊(lai)海參”生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品或包裝上(shang)使用已獲登記保護的“蓬萊(lai)海參”地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向蓬萊(lai)市(shi)漁業協會提出申請,并按照相關要求規范(fan)(fan)生產(chan)(chan)和(he)使用標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用單(dan)位應在(zai)其產(chan)(chan)品或外包裝上(shang)統一(yi)使用水產(chan)(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(“蓬萊(lai)海參“名稱和(he)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)圖案組合標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)型式(shi)):
(1)包裝(zhuang):所用包裝(zhuang)材料(liao)要做到堅固、潔凈、無毒、無異味。內包裝(zhuang)采用清(qing)潔無毒的塑(su)料(liao)袋。所有包裝(zhuang)物符合GB7718的規定。
(2)包(bao)(bao)裝標(biao)(biao)識:按GB7718的規定,產品(pin)(pin)外包(bao)(bao)裝上標(biao)(biao)明(ming)產品(pin)(pin)名稱、產品(pin)(pin)等(deng)(deng)級、商標(biao)(biao)、條形碼、食(shi)用方法(fa)、貯存指南、單位名稱、單位地址、產品(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)標(biao)(biao)號、生產日(ri)期、批號、毛重(㎏)、聯系電話等(deng)(deng)。
(3)貯(zhu)存:貯(zhu)存環境潔凈衛生(sheng)、陰涼(liang)、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異味,符合技術(shu)規(gui)范的(de)技術(shu)要求(qiu)、執行嚴格的(de)衛生(sheng)制度。遠離(li)有毒有害(hai)物(wu)質及防止(zhi)其他(ta)損害(hai)。
(4)運(yun)輸(shu):運(yun)輸(shu)工具(ju)清潔、無毒(du)、無異(yi)味,禁止(zhi)(zhi)與有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害或有(you)腐蝕性(xing)的物(wu)(wu)品混運(yun),運(yun)輸(shu)途(tu)中防止(zhi)(zhi)日曬雨淋、蟲害、有(you)害物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的污染(ran)及包裝物(wu)(wu)的機(ji)械(xie)損傷(shang)。