一.產品介紹
福(fu)山(shan)栽培(pei)大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)已有140多(duo)年(nian)的歷史,是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的發祥地。福(fu)山(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)以其艷麗的外觀、優(you)良(liang)的品質(zhi)、獨(du)特的風味享譽海(hai)內(nei)(nei)外,被譽為(wei)(wei)“果中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍品”、“北方春果第一枝”。目前全(quan)區大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)栽培(pei)面積10.3萬(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產(chan)量4.53萬(wan)噸,總產(chan)值為(wei)(wei)5.07億元,是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)規模最(zui)(zui)大(da)、產(chan)量最(zui)(zui)高、品種最(zui)(zui)全(quan)、質(zhi)量最(zui)(zui)優(you)的大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)標準(zhun)化(hua)生產(chan)示范(fan)(fan)區。福(fu)山(shan)區曾(ceng)兩(liang)次(ci)獲得“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)之鄉(xiang)”稱號;在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際農業博覽會上(shang),福(fu)山(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)有多(duo)個品種被評為(wei)(wei)金獎、銀(yin)獎和名牌產(chan)品;2007年(nian)被中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)果品流通協會授予中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)優(you)質(zhi)大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)基地重(zhong)點縣(區);2010年(nian)福(fu)山(shan)區張格莊鎮分(fen)別被中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)藝(yi)學(xue)會櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)分(fen)會和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)果品流通協會授予中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)第一鎮稱號;中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央電視臺2010年(nian)度魅(mei)力農產(chan)品評選(xuan),福(fu)山(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)獲“最(zui)(zui)佳人氣獎”,2011年(nian)福(fu)山(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)注冊了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家工商(shang)總局(ju)的地理標志,福(fu)山(shan)區被中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農業部(bu)確定為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)農業標準(zhun)化(hua)示范(fan)(fan)區。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素(su)
1、土壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況:煙(yan)臺市福山區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)低山丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵區(qu)(qu),山丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)起(qi)伏,溝壑(he)縱(zong)橫,地(di)貌(mao)大(da)致是六山一水(shui)三分田。地(di)形呈西、南(nan)高(gao),東(dong)、北(bei)低,由西南(nan)向東(dong)北(bei)傾(qing)斜。淺山區(qu)(qu)165.61平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里,占34.3%;丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵區(qu)(qu)205.2平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里,占42.5%;平(ping)(ping)原區(qu)(qu)112.02平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里,占23.2%。自南(nan)而(er)北(bei)依次為(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵、平(ping)(ping)原,福山大(da)櫻桃(tao)主(zhu)要產于(yu)南(nan)部和西部的低山丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵地(di)區(qu)(qu),該(gai)范圍內土壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)沃、水(shui)利條件良好,生態環境(jing)優美。大(da)櫻桃(tao)主(zhu)產區(qu)(qu)土壤(rang)(rang)以棕壤(rang)(rang)土為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),椐測(ce)定有機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量1.2%以上,含(han)氮(dan)0.12%,含(han)磷0.3%,速(su)效磷大(da)于(yu)80mg/kg,速(su)效鉀(jia)大(da)于(yu)120mg/kg,土層(ceng)深厚,土質(zhi)(zhi)疏松,保水(shui)保肥(fei)能力強,適合果樹(shu)生長。
2、水(shui)文情況(kuang):區內水(shui)利條(tiao)件優越,地下水(shui)源充足,農田排灌設(she)施配套水(shui)質清澈(che),無污(wu)染,完(wan)全達到了旱能澆、澇能排。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:屬溫(wen)(wen)暖半(ban)濕潤易旱區,其特點:四季分明(ming),雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)豐(feng)(feng)沛,溫(wen)(wen)度適中(zhong),空氣(qi)濕潤,冬不甚冷,夏不太熱(re),適宜溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)各類(lei)植物生長(chang)。無霜期平(ping)均(jun)221天(tian)。氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和,四季分明(ming),冬季寒(han)冷少(shao)(shao)雨(yu)雪,春(chun)季干旱多(duo)(duo)風,夏季炎熱(re)多(duo)(duo)雨(yu),秋季天(tian)高氣(qi)爽溫(wen)(wen)差大(da),有利大(da)櫻(ying)桃(tao)的(de)生長(chang)發育。光(guang)照:本區光(guang)照資源豐(feng)(feng)富(fu),日(ri)(ri)照時(shi)間長(chang),光(guang)照充足,有利于果樹(shu)(shu)光(guang)合(he)作用(yong),常年平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照時(shi)數為(wei)2672.2小時(shi),占全年可照時(shi)間的(de)60%。溫(wen)(wen)度:年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.5℃,7月份(fen)最高25.2℃,1 月份(fen)最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-3.4℃。無霜期平(ping)均(jun)221天(tian),自然農(nong)耕期長(chang)達290天(tian)左右(you)。夜間涼爽,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da),有利于果樹(shu)(shu)養分積累(lei)。水(shui)(shui):降水(shui)(shui)偏少(shao)(shao),因(yin)多(duo)(duo)集中(zhong)夏季,年均(jun)變化大(da),降水(shui)(shui)不穩(wen)定,年平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)709.9毫米。
4、人(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)情況:福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)距今已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)130多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)栽培(pei)歷(li)史(shi)。1871年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),美(mei)國(guo)(guo)傳教士攜首批大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)在福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)進(jin)行栽培(pei),之(zhi)(zhi)后又不斷引進(jin)品(pin)(pin)種擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)栽培(pei)面積,至今已(yi)形成一定規(gui)模(mo)。福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)優質(zhi)高(gao)產(chan),成熟早,營養(yang)價值高(gao),素有(you)(you)(you)“春(chun)果(guo)(guo)(guo)第(di)一枝(zhi)”的(de)(de)美(mei)譽(yu)。進(jin)入八、九十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)重點(dian)由蘋果(guo)(guo)(guo)轉(zhuan)向大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao),大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)面積逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增加,管理技術不斷提(ti)高(gao)。特別是近年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來,隨(sui)著我市農業(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)化推(tui)廣(guang)力度(du)的(de)(de)逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加大(da)(da)(da)(da),福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)標準(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、規(gui)范化管理、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化經營、品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)化運作(zuo)已(yi)漸成規(gui)模(mo),先后有(you)(you)(you)“福(fu)洋”、“錦程(cheng)”、“仙渡”“張格(ge)莊”等10多個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)通(tong)過了(le)(le)(le)商標注冊,有(you)(you)(you)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)已(yi)獲(huo)得綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證,4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)正(zheng)在爭取(qu)綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)和(he)無公害認(ren)證。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月,在第(di)二屆中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農業(ye)(ye)博覽會(hui)上(shang),福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)獲(huo)三金(jin)、四(si)銀、一銅(tong)8塊獎牌(pai)(pai),1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)農業(ye)(ye)博覽會(hui)上(shang),雷尼和(he)艷陽分別獲(huo)名(ming)牌(pai)(pai)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)稱(cheng)號。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)被中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特產(chan)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉命名(ming)組(zu)委會(hui)授予“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”榮譽(yu)稱(cheng)號,2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),又被中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)優質(zhi)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)開發服務(wu)協會(hui)授予“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”榮譽(yu)稱(cheng)號,2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)流通(tong)協會(hui)授予“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)優質(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)基地(di)(di)重點(dian)縣(區(qu)(qu))。至此,福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)已(yi)在全國(guo)(guo)具有(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)較高(gao)知名(ming)度(du)。為確保(bao)福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量,將福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)標準(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)提(ti)升到(dao)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du),我區(qu)(qu)先后創建了(le)(le)(le)福(fu)新(xin)壚上(shang)、門樓兩甲、回里東黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、高(gao)疃丁(ding)家夼、張格(ge)莊下官(guan)樂5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)市級(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)標準(zhun)化示范基地(di)(di),在基地(di)(di)范圍內先后示范、推(tui)廣(guang)應用(yong)了(le)(le)(le)增施有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥、頻(pin)振式殺蟲燈(deng)、性誘劑、防(fang)蟲網、色(se)板誘殺等新(xin)技術和(he)新(xin)方法,完(wan)全實(shi)現了(le)(le)(le)以施用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥料(liao)和(he)實(shi)施生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)治為主,使用(yong)綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)資料(liao)的(de)(de)福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)標準(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)模(mo)式,使福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)標準(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)得到(dao)進(jin)一步提(ti)升。
三.地域范圍
福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)大櫻(ying)桃(tao)的地(di)(di)域保護范圍為山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省煙臺(tai)市(shi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)區境內。地(di)(di)理坐標為:北緯37°14′-37°39′,東(dong)經121°02′-121°22′,境內東(dong)南(nan)至西北最大縱距45km,東(dong)西最大橫距20km。全(quan)區總(zong)面積482.83平方千米,產(chan)地(di)(di)面積6667公頃,主要涉及煙臺(tai)市(shi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)區的回(hui)里、門樓、張格(ge)莊、高(gao)疃(tuan)、清(qing)洋、福(fu)(fu)(fu)新6個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(街(jie)道辦事處),共計231個(ge)(ge)行政(zheng)村。年(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)30076噸,年(nian)(nian)銷售(shou)額32800萬元(yuan)。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、產(chan)(chan)地選擇(ze)與特殊內容規定:福山大櫻桃的(de)產(chan)(chan)地宜選擇(ze)在生態(tai)條件良好(hao),遠離污染源,具(ju)有(you)可持(chi)續(xu)生產(chan)(chan)能力的(de)農業生產(chan)(chan)區域。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特定要求:福山(shan)大櫻桃應(ying)選擇大果型品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),近(jin)一(yi)兩年推廣(guang)的優質高(gao)產品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有紅燈、先(xian)鋒、雷尼(ni)、拉(la)賓斯、美早(zao)、薩米(mi)脫等。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理,包(bao)括(kuo)農業(ye)投(tou)入品方面(mian)的特殊使用(yong)規(gui)定:福山大(da)櫻桃(tao)的生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)包(bao)括(kuo)栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)理、整形(xing)修(xiu)剪、花(hua)果(guo)管(guan)(guan)理、病(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):大(da)櫻桃(tao)的栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時間一般(ban)(ban)在(zai)3月底4月初(chu),栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溝內施(shi)入有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株行距(ju)一般(ban)(ban)為3×4米,主(zhu)栽品種與授粉樹(shu)(shu)比例不少于(yu)4:1。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)理:基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),混加少量氮素化肥(fei)(fei)(fei),一般(ban)(ban)盛果(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)果(guo)園每(mei)666.7平方米施(shi)2000-3000kg有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)用(yong)方法以(yi)溝施(shi)或撒施(shi)為主(zhu),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)部(bu)位(wei)在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)投(tou)影范圍內。溝施(shi)為挖(wa)放射狀溝,溝深20-30cm;撒施(shi)為將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料均勻撒于(yu)樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)下(xia),并翻(fan)深20cm。土(tu)壤追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)每(mei)年3次(ci),第一次(ci)在(zai)萌(meng)(meng)芽前后(hou)(hou),以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),第二(er)次(ci)在(zai)花(hua)芽分(fen)化及(ji)果(guo)實膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi),以(yi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),氮磷(lin)鉀混合(he)使用(yong);第三次(ci)在(zai)果(guo)實生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi),以(yi)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)。葉面(mian)噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)全年4-5次(ci),一般(ban)(ban)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)前期(qi)(qi)(qi)2次(ci),以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu);后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)2-3次(ci),以(yi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),可補施(shi)果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育所(suo)需的微量元素。大(da)櫻桃(tao)灌水(shui)(shui)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)四次(ci),分(fen)別為花(hua)前水(shui)(shui)、硬核(he)水(shui)(shui)、采(cai)后(hou)(hou)水(shui)(shui)和(he)封凍水(shui)(shui)。另(ling)外,雨季(ji)要(yao)注意及(ji)時排(pai)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)澇。整形(xing)修(xiu)剪:冬季(ji)修(xiu)剪主(zhu)要(yao)是剪除病(bing)蟲枝(zhi)。生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)修(xiu)剪注意拉枝(zhi)開角、摘(zhai)心控(kong)長(chang),及(ji)時疏除樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)內直(zhi)立旺枝(zhi)、密生(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)和(he)剪鋸口(kou)處(chu)的萌(meng)(meng)蘗枝(zhi)等(deng),以(yi)增加樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)內通風量。花(hua)果(guo)管(guan)(guan)理:重點抓好疏花(hua)疏果(guo)、人工輔助授粉,防(fang)(fang)(fang)止晚霜凍害(hai)及(ji)科學(xue)澆水(shui)(shui)等(deng)。病(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):以(yi)農業(ye)和(he)物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為基(ji)礎,生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為核(he)心,按(an)照病(bing)蟲害(hai)的發生(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)律,科學(xue)使用(yong)化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)技術,有(you)(you)效(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)病(bing)蟲危害(hai)。
五(wu).特定生產方(fang)式
1、產地選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)殊內容規定:福山大櫻桃(tao)的(de)產地宜選(xuan)擇(ze)在生態條(tiao)件良(liang)好,遠離污染源,具有可持續生產能力的(de)農業(ye)生產區域。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)定要求:福山大(da)櫻桃應選(xuan)擇(ze)大(da)果型品種(zhong)(zhong),近一兩年推廣(guang)的優質高產品種(zhong)(zhong)有紅(hong)燈(deng)、先鋒(feng)、雷尼、拉賓斯(si)、美早、薩米脫等。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程管理(li)(li),包括(kuo)農(nong)業投入品(pin)方(fang)面的特殊使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)(gui)定(ding):福(fu)山大櫻(ying)桃的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程包括(kuo)栽植(zhi)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li)(li)、整形(xing)修剪、花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管理(li)(li)、病蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。栽植(zhi):大櫻(ying)桃的栽植(zhi)時(shi)間一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)3月(yue)底4月(yue)初,栽植(zhi)溝內施(shi)(shi)入有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),栽植(zhi)株行距一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3×4米(mi),主栽品(pin)種與(yu)授(shou)粉樹比例不少于(yu)4:1。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li)(li):基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,混加少量氮素化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)般盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)每(mei)666.7平方(fang)米(mi),施(shi)(shi)2000-3000kg有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法以(yi)(yi)溝施(shi)(shi)或撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)(zai)樹冠投影范圍(wei)內。溝施(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)挖放射狀(zhuang)溝,溝深(shen)20-30cm;撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料均勻撒(sa)于(yu)樹冠下(xia),并翻深(shen)20cm。土(tu)壤追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)每(mei)年3次(ci)(ci),第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)萌芽(ya)前后(hou),以(yi)(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,第二次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)分化及(ji)(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實膨大期,以(yi)(yi)磷鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,氮磷鉀(jia)(jia)混合(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong);第三次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)期,以(yi)(yi)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。葉面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全年4-5次(ci)(ci),一(yi)般生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)前期2次(ci)(ci),以(yi)(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主;后(hou)期2-3次(ci)(ci),以(yi)(yi)磷鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,可補施(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育所需的微量元素。大櫻(ying)桃灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主要有(you)四次(ci)(ci),分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)花(hua)(hua)前水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、硬核水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、采后(hou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)封凍(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。另外,雨季(ji)要注意及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)澇。整形(xing)修剪:冬季(ji)修剪主要是(shi)剪除(chu)病蟲(chong)枝。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)修剪注意拉枝開角(jiao)、摘(zhai)心控長(chang),及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)疏(shu)除(chu)樹冠內直(zhi)立旺枝、密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝和(he)剪鋸口處的萌蘗(bo)枝等(deng),以(yi)(yi)增加樹冠內通風(feng)量。花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管理(li)(li):重點抓好疏(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、人工輔助授(shou)粉,防(fang)(fang)止晚霜(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)害(hai)及(ji)(ji)(ji)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)。病蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):以(yi)(yi)農(nong)業和(he)物理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)核心,按(an)照(zhao)病蟲(chong)害(hai)的發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)(gui)律,科(ke)(ke)學(xue)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)技術,有(you)效控制(zhi)病蟲(chong)危(wei)害(hai)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
同一品種根(gen)據果個大小分級(ji)。樹磨(mo)和枝(zhi)磨(mo)等機(ji)械損(sun)傷、病蟲傷的不合格另行處理。包裝材料必(bi)須(xu)符合國(guo)家強制性技術規范要求。包裝前必(bi)須(xu)嚴格挑選,然后裝入包裝箱。