一.自然生態環(huan)境(jing)和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件:濰坊(fang)市地(di)處(chu)山東(dong)半島(dao)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu),全市地(di)勢南高北低,南部(bu)(bu)是山區和丘(qiu)陵,中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)是平原,北部(bu)(bu)是沿海(hai)灘涂,分(fen)別占總(zong)面積(ji)的28.7%、57.7%和13.6%,森林覆(fu)蓋(gai)率達到25.6%,最高點(dian)海(hai)拔(ba)1032米(mi)(mi),最低點(dian)海(hai)拔(ba)在7米(mi)(mi)以下,大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)耕(geng)地(di)在海(hai)拔(ba)25~321米(mi)(mi)。境內土(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型主要有棕壤(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)、潮土(tu)、礦姜(jiang)黑土(tu)和鹽土(tu)5類(lei),其(qi)中(zhong)適宜種植烤煙的土(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型為棕壤(rang)和褐(he)土(tu),宜煙耕(geng)地(di)面積(ji)266萬畝(mu),占總(zong)耕(geng)地(di)面積(ji)的45%。宜煙土(tu)壤(rang)土(tu)層深厚,質地(di)疏(shu)松,有機質含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)0.5~1.72,土(tu)壤(rang)PH為5.73~7.19,速(su)(su)效(xiao)氮含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)40~100mg/kg,速(su)(su)效(xiao)磷含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)5~30mg/kg,速(su)(su)效(xiao)鉀較豐富(fu),含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)120~410mg/kg,0~60cm土(tu)壤(rang)氯(lv)離(li)子(zi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)多在19.2~29.8mg/kg.
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:全市(shi)擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總量27.28億(yi)立方(fang)米,境內(nei)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)面(mian)積在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)50平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)以(yi)上的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)103條,主要(yao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系有(you)(you)(you)(you)濰河(he)(he)(he)、彌河(he)(he)(he)、白浪(lang)河(he)(he)(he)、南北膠(jiao)萊(lai)河(he)(he)(he)和小(xiao)清(qing)河(he)(he)(he)等五大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系。濰河(he)(he)(he),全長(chang)246公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)面(mian)積6367平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);彌河(he)(he)(he),全長(chang)177公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)面(mian)積3863平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);白浪(lang)河(he)(he)(he),全長(chang)127公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)面(mian)積1237平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);南膠(jiao)萊(lai)河(he)(he)(he),全長(chang)42公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)面(mian)積1500平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高密(mi)市(shi)境內(nei)7.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);北膠(jiao)萊(lai)河(he)(he)(he),全長(chang)103.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)面(mian)積3900平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);小(xiao)清(qing)河(he)(he)(he),全長(chang)237公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)面(mian)積10276平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)壽光市(shi)境內(nei)入海,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我市(shi)境內(nei)長(chang)19.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。全市(shi)境內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大中型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)26座,小(xiao)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)521座,塘壩3064座,固定揚水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)站(zhan)2094處,機電井15萬眼(yan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)效灌(guan)溉面(mian)積達到780萬畝,全市(shi)耕地有(you)(you)(you)(you)效灌(guan)溉率(lv)53.8%.
3、氣候(hou)條件(jian):濰坊市屬暖溫(wen)帶(dai)半濕潤季風(feng)氣候(hou),四季分明,光照充(chong)足(zu)、無(wu)霜(shuang)期長(chang)(chang)、雨量(liang)充(chong)沛。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)在(zai)12.3℃,≥0℃積(ji)溫(wen)平(ping)(ping)均4585.4℃,穩定(ding)通過10℃平(ping)(ping)均初日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)4月(yue)10日(ri)(ri),平(ping)(ping)均終(zhong)日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)10月(yue)29日(ri)(ri),初冬間隔(ge)203天,≥10℃平(ping)(ping)均積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)4108.5℃,基(ji)本在(zai)煙(yan)葉(xie)生長(chang)(chang)的適宜(yi)范圍內;無(wu)霜(shuang)期195天,初霜(shuang)平(ping)(ping)均出現(xian)在(zai)10月(yue)下旬(xun),終(zhong)霜(shuang)平(ping)(ping)均出現(xian)在(zai)4月(yue)上旬(xun);年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)660mm,6、7、8三個月(yue)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)占(zhan)平(ping)(ping)均年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)的59.2%,煙(yan)葉(xie)生長(chang)(chang)與降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水基(ji)本同步,與優質煙(yan)生長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育需水特(te)性一致;全市年(nian)(nian)(nian)太陽輻射總(zong)量(liang)121.8千卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)方厘(li)米,日(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)均輻射量(liang)190卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)方厘(li)米;歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照2574.3h,日(ri)(ri)照率(lv)58%,3~10月(yue)日(ri)(ri)照時(shi)數都在(zai)200h以上,6~9月(yue)日(ri)(ri)照時(shi)數906.9h,光照充(chong)足(zu),十分適宜(yi)于(yu)優質煙(yan)葉(xie)生長(chang)(chang)。
二.地域范圍
濰(wei)坊(fang)烤(kao)煙保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)域(yu)位于山東(dong)半島中部的濰(wei)坊(fang)市,北(bei)緯35°41′-37°26′,東(dong)經118°10′-120°01′,區(qu)(qu)域(yu)保(bao)護面積13330公頃(qing),年產量(liang)51萬擔。
四(si).產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特征:
1.1、鮮煙(yan)葉(xie):打頂(ding)(ding)后株(zhu)高(gao)90cm~120cm,有效葉(xie)18片(pian)~22片(pian),中部最大葉(xie)長(chang)為55cm~65cm,頂(ding)(ding)葉(xie)長(chang)度達到50cm以上。煙(yan)株(zhu)近筒形(xing)或微(wei)腰鼓形(xing),群體結構合理,打頂(ding)(ding)后株(zhu)高(gao)一致,通風透光好,基本(ben)無(wu)病蟲(chong)害,煙(yan)葉(xie)自下而上分層落黃,易把握成熟度和(he)便于適(shi)時采摘烘(hong)烤。
1.2、烤(kao)后煙(yan)葉(xie):外觀質量符合GB2635中正組煙(yan)的要(yao)求,葉(xie)片(pian)成(cheng)熟(shu),顏色多金黃(huang)到桔黃(huang),以桔黃(huang)為主;色澤飽(bao)滿、油分(fen)足,葉(xie)片(pian)厚薄適中,葉(xie)片(pian)結構疏(shu)松、柔(rou)軟、彈性好。單葉(xie)重:下部(bu)葉(xie)7~9g,中部(bu)葉(xie)9~12g,上部(bu)葉(xie)10~15g。
2、內(nei)(nei)在品質指標濰坊烤煙(yan)內(nei)(nei)在化(hua)學(xue)成分協調,具(ju)有香(xiang)(xiang)氣質好(hao)、香(xiang)(xiang)氣量足,吃味醇和(he),煙(yan)味濃厚(hou),勁頭適中(zhong),燃(ran)燒性(xing)強,煙(yan)灰呈灰白色,煙(yan)葉(xie)松散性(xing)狀好(hao),葉(xie)片不易粘結,便于長(chang)期儲存的風格特(te)征,與(yu)國內(nei)(nei)外各產區煙(yan)葉(xie)有良(liang)好(hao)的配伍(wu)性(xing),工業可用性(xing)高(gao),是(shi)中(zhong)、高(gao)檔(dang)(dang)卷(juan)煙(yan)的必(bi)備原(yuan)料(liao)。尤以濃香(xiang)(xiang)風格特(te)征突出,是(shi)“中(zhong)式濃香(xiang)(xiang)低害(hai)”特(te)征的高(gao)檔(dang)(dang)卷(juan)煙(yan)品牌的主要原(yuan)料(liao),符(fu)合當(dang)前和(he)今(jin)后(hou)高(gao)檔(dang)(dang)卷(juan)煙(yan)的發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢(shi)和(he)市(shi)場需(xu)求,具(ju)有較為廣闊的市(shi)場前景。
3、安全要求:農藥殘(can)留(liu):符合《Q/WYS3-1.10-2011煙草(cao)農藥合理使用規(gui)范》和(he)《Q/WYS4-1.01-2009煙葉產(chan)品(pin)質量要求》的規(gui)定。重(zhong)金屬(shu):符合國家食品(pin)衛生(sheng)標準相應對重(zhong)金屬(shu)限量的規(gui)定。
四特定生產方式
1、品種(zhong)選擇:推廣NC55、NC102、K326、魯煙(yan)1號、云煙(yan)87等優(you)良品種(zhong)要求生長整齊一致,分(fen)層落黃明(ming)顯、抗病性強、易烘烤(kao)、出絲率高(gao)、香氣質(zhi)好,香氣量足(zu),吃(chi)味醇和、煙(yan)味濃厚。
2、產(chan)地選擇:滿足氣候、土壤、輪作(zuo)、環(huan)境質量,禁用環(huan)境條件等要求。
3、采(cai)收(shou)、烘(hong)烤及收(shou)購:滿足(zu)采(cai)收(shou)、煙(yan)葉(xie)烘(hong)烤、煙(yan)葉(xie)收(shou)購等條(tiao)件(jian)。
五.包(bao)裝標識相關規定(ding)
濰市境域范圍內所(suo)有煙(yan)草系列產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)經營者,在烤煙(yan)包裝上使用(yong)已獲登記(ji)保(bao)護的“濰坊烤煙(yan)”農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理標志(zhi)及其圖案,需(xu)向登記(ji)證書(shu)持有人濰坊市煙(yan)葉協會提出(chu)申請,并按照(zhao)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)要求規范生產(chan)和使用(yong)標志(zhi),統一(yi)采(cai)用(yong)產(chan)品(pin)名(ming)稱和農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理標志(zhi)公(gong)共(gong)標志(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)結合(he)的標識標注方法。