一.產品介紹
1、原(yuan)產區:山東省(sheng)壽光市稻田鎮慈家、倫(lun)家一帶。
2、體型(xing)(xing)(xing)外貌(mao)(mao)描述:①體型(xing)(xing)(xing):壽光雞體軀高大(da)(da),骨骼(ge)粗(cu)壯,體長(chang)胸(xiong)深,背(bei)寬平(ping)直,腿(tui)高而(er)粗(cu),腳爪(zhua)大(da)(da)而(er)堅實。分為大(da)(da)、中兩個品系。大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)雞腿(tui)高,體長(chang),背(bei)稍窄(zhai),頭(tou)較大(da)(da),眼稍凹,面(mian)部(bu)(bu)較粗(cu)糙,屬(shu)(shu)肉蛋(dan)兼用型(xing)(xing)(xing)。中型(xing)(xing)(xing)體重稍小(xiao)(xiao)于大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)雞,背(bei)寬,腿(tui)較矮,頭(tou)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)適(shi)中,眼大(da)(da)靈活,面(mian)部(bu)(bu)較細(xi)致清秀,屬(shu)(shu)蛋(dan)肉兼用型(xing)(xing)(xing)。②外貌(mao)(mao)特征:全身黑羽,并(bing)閃有金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)光澤,尾有長(chang)短之分。單冠(guan),冠(guan)有大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)之分,冠(guan)、髯、耳葉、臉(lian)均為紅色(se)(se)(se),眼大(da)(da)靈活,虹(hong)彩黑褐色(se)(se)(se),喙(hui)、脛、爪(zhua)為黑色(se)(se)(se),皮膚為白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)。初生雛(chu)絨(rong)毛(mao)為全黑色(se)(se)(se),少(shao)數眼的(de)上(shang)、后(hou)部(bu)(bu)和(he)喙(hui)角及頜、頸下部(bu)(bu)有淡(dan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)斑塊。頭(tou)頂(ding)、頸后(hou)、背(bei)腰(yao)部(bu)(bu)絨(rong)毛(mao)呈(cheng)黑色(se)(se)(se)。頸側、體側、尾部(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)黑灰色(se)(se)(se)。喙(hui)呈(cheng)黑色(se)(se)(se)或喙(hui)尖(jian)為黃(huang)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)。脛、趾灰色(se)(se)(se),皮膚白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)能:①生(sheng)(sheng)長速(su)度(du):壽(shou)光雞(ji)(ji)(ji)平均(jun)初生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)42.4克,雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)早期(qi)發(fa)育(yu)和羽毛生(sheng)(sheng)長較慢,特別是(shi)大型(xing)(xing)(xing)壽(shou)光雞(ji)(ji)(ji),生(sheng)(sheng)長前(qian)期(qi)常有背毛稀(xi)疏,后軀赤裸、禿尾(wei)現象。生(sheng)(sheng)長速(su)度(du)一般(ban)從40日(ri)齡(ling)開(kai)始加快(kuai),至(zhi)3月齡(ling)后生(sheng)(sheng)長最快(kuai),體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)快(kuai)速(su)增加。②產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)性(xing)能:該(gai)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)的產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)量(liang)和蛋(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)因類型(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)同(tong)有一定(ding)(ding)的差異。大型(xing)(xing)(xing)母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)90—100個(ge),蛋(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)65—75克;中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)120—150個(ge),最高(gao)可達213個(ge),蛋(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)60—65克.蛋(dan)(dan)殼顏色為(wei)(wei)紅褐色,蛋(dan)(dan)殼厚(hou)度(du)0.36毫米,蛋(dan)(dan)形指數測(ce)定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)1.32。 4、繁殖性(xing)能:性(xing)成(cheng)熟期(qi):大型(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)產(chan)(chan)日(ri)齡(ling)為(wei)(wei)140天,平均(jun)開(kai)產(chan)(chan)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)2.55千克。中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)產(chan)(chan)日(ri)齡(ling)120天,開(kai)產(chan)(chan)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)2.0千克左右。②公(gong)母(mu)比(bi)例:自然(ran)配種(zhong)公(gong)母(mu)比(bi)例,大型(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)1:8—10,中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)1:10—12。種(zhong)蛋(dan)(dan)受精率(lv)(lv)90.7%,受精蛋(dan)(dan)的孵(fu)化率(lv)(lv)80.9%。③就(jiu)巢(chao)性(xing):據(ju)1982年(nian)壽(shou)光慈倫種(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)統計(ji),經選育(yu)后就(jiu)巢(chao)母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)數僅占0.89%。④雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)的生(sheng)(sheng)活力:在(zai)正常飼養管理條件下,據(ju)壽(shou)光慈倫種(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)測(ce)定(ding)(ding),雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)1月齡(ling)的成(cheng)活率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)96.8%,2月齡(ling)為(wei)(wei)92.5%,與外來(lai)品種(zhong)對(dui)比(bi),雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)病(bing)緩和,治愈率(lv)(lv)較高(gao),體(ti)況恢(hui)復(fu)較快(kuai)。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文(wen)歷史(shi)因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang):壽光是一個(ge)(ge)自南而北緩慢(man)降低的平(ping)(ping)原區(qu)。海(hai)拔最高(gao)(gao)點在(zai)(zai)孫家(jia)集街(jie)道辦事處三元朱村(cun)東南角埠頂處,高(gao)(gao)程49.5米(mi);最低點在(zai)(zai)大家(jia)洼鎮(zhen)的老河(he)口附近,高(gao)(gao)程1米(mi)。南北相對(dui)高(gao)(gao)差(cha)48.5米(mi),水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)距離70公(gong)里,平(ping)(ping)均坡度降萬分(fen)之(zhi)七。河(he)流(liu)(liu)和地(di)(di)(di)表徑流(liu)(liu)自西南向東北流(liu)(liu)動,形(xing)成大平(ping)(ping)小(xiao)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)的微(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)差(cha)異(yi)。全(quan)市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)總(zong)體分(fen)為三部(bu)分(fen):壽南緩崗區(qu)為泰沂山區(qu)北部(bu)洪積(ji)(ji)(ji)扇尾。成土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)母(mu)質多為沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)物,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質較好。全(quan)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)部(bu)位高(gao)(gao),地(di)(di)(di)面起伏大,地(di)(di)(di)表徑流(liu)(liu)強,潛水(shui)(shui)埋深(shen)大于5米(mi)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型多為褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和潮(chao)(chao)(chao)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。中部(bu)微(wei)(wei)斜(xie)平(ping)(ping)原區(qu),地(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)緩,坡降很小(xiao)。因(yin)受河(he)流(liu)(liu)影響,各個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)單元呈南北走向間隔條(tiao)帶狀(zhuang)分(fen)布。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)母(mu)質為河(he)流(liu)(liu)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)物。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)化潮(chao)(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、濕(shi)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和砂姜黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。 濱海(hai)淺平(ping)(ping)洼地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)部(bu)位較低,海(hai)拔在(zai)(zai)4—7米(mi)之(zhi)間。成土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)母(mu)質為海(hai)相沉積(ji)(ji)(ji)物與河(he)流(liu)(liu)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)物迭次相間。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)埋深(shen)1—3米(mi),礦化度較高(gao)(gao)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為濱海(hai)鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和濱海(hai)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。
2、水(shui)文情況:壽光境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)多河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),現(xian)在全(quan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)有河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)17條,其(qi)中小清河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)從(cong)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)北端(duan)入(ru)海,常(chang)年流(liu)(liu)水(shui),有水(shui)上(shang)運輸之利,余皆(jie)季節性歇河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。最大的河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)是彌(mi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),縱貫境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)南北,將全(quan)市(shi)水(shui)系(xi)分為(wei)(wei)東西(xi)兩部分。彌(mi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以西(xi)為(wei)(wei)小清河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)系(xi),彌(mi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以東為(wei)(wei)彌(mi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)系(xi)。彌(mi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)由紀臺鎮西(xi)南入(ru)境(jing)(jing)(jing),流(liu)(liu)經紀臺、孫家集、圣城(cheng)、上(shang)口、田(tian)柳、營里(li)(li)等鎮。主河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)道境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)總長度為(wei)(wei)80公(gong)里(li)(li),河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)槽平均寬170米,入(ru)境(jing)(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)域面積2248平方公(gong)里(li)(li)。
3、氣候(hou)(hou)情況:壽光地處中(zhong)緯度帶,北臨渤(bo)海,屬暖(nuan)溫帶季風區大(da)陸性氣候(hou)(hou)。受暖(nuan)冷(leng)空氣的交替影響(xiang),形成了“春季干(gan)旱少雨,夏(xia)季炎熱(re)多雨,秋季爽涼有旱,冬(dong)季干(gan)冷(leng)少雪(xue)”的氣候(hou)(hou)特點。
a日(ri)(ri)照(zhao):全年(nian)平(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時數2607.4小時,日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)率(lv)為59%。年(nian)內日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)分布(bu)不均,以5月(yue)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時數最多,為274.3小時,日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)率(lv)為63%;12月(yue)最少,為176.4小時,日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)率(lv)為59%。
b氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen):歷年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)12.4℃。境內溫(wen)度相差在0.1—0.3℃之間,月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)7月(yue)最(zui)(zui)高,為(wei)26.2℃。1月(yue)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di),為(wei)-3.4℃,月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)年較差29.6℃。極端(duan)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-22.3℃,極端(duan)最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)41℃。春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)度回升較快,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)升到6℃以上,0 ℃以下溫(wen)度出(chu)現較少。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)炎熱,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)23 ℃以上,日(ri)最(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)度在30℃以上的(de)時間,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)每年68天(tian)(tian)。秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)逐(zhu)日(ri)降低(di)(di)(di),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)19℃,有寒潮出(chu)現。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)從(cong)12月(yue)開始(shi),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在-1℃以下,日(ri)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)-10℃以下的(de)時間平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)22天(tian)(tian)。
C降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui):歷年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)591.9毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米,最(zui)大(da)年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1286.7毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米,最(zui)小年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)299.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米。境內年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)差異不大(da),為10—30毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米,干旱和(he)濕潤季(ji)節分明。年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分布不均(jun)(jun):春(chun)季(ji)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)79.3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米,夏(xia)季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為387.1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米,占年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)65.4%,秋季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)101.2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米,冬季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)少,只占全年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的4.1%。
4、人文(wen)歷史(shi)情(qing)況:養(yang)(yang)(yang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)是(shi)(shi)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是(shi)(shi)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)來(lai)源。壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)優良(liang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),該雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)彌河流域,歷史(shi)上經過當地(di)(di)(di)(di)勞動人民(min)長期(qi)(qi)選育,遺(yi)傳(chuan)性能(neng)穩定,外貌特(te)征一(yi)致,具有(you)(you)(you)體(ti)型碩大(da)(da)、黑(hei)(hei)羽、黑(hei)(hei)腿、黑(hei)(hei)嘴、白(bai)皮(pi)膚,肉質(zhi)細嫩,風味鮮美,蛋(dan)大(da)(da)皮(pi)紅等(deng)(deng)特(te)性,在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外享有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)高(gao)聲(sheng)譽,被(bei)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志(zhi)和(he)(he)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)名錄。據(ju)(ju)史(shi)料記(ji)載(zai),該雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)形(xing)成與(yu)(yu)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化與(yu)(yu)經濟活動息息相關,有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個較(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展過程。公元(yuan)前480年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至公元(yuan)前220年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)(qi),以齊國(guo)(guo)鄒衍(yan)為(wei)(wei)首的(de)(de)(de)新興學(xue)(xue)(xue)派所著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)《周禮·夏官·職方(fang)(fang)氏(shi)》中論述(shu)了(le)(le)(le)天(tian)下九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)不同地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)對(dui)(dui)人與(yu)(yu)動植物的(de)(de)(de)影響,其(qi)(qi)曰“乃辨九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)之國(guo)(guo)……正東(dong)(dong)(dong)曰青州(zhou)(zhou)……其(qi)(qi)畜(chu)宜雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)狗(gou);其(qi)(qi)谷宜稻麥”。原青州(zhou)(zhou)(現壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)、益(yi)(yi)都等(deng)(deng)縣(xian)(xian))乃屬當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)之一(yi),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)轄區(qu)(qu)之內(nei),可見養(yang)(yang)(yang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當時(shi)即已占重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)。公元(yuan)六世紀北魏(wei)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)杰出的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)賈思勰(xie)系(xi)古青州(zhou)(zhou)人,在(zai)(zai)(zai)他撰寫的(de)(de)(de)《齊民(min)要(yao)術(shu)》一(yi)書(shu)中,記(ji)述(shu)了(le)(le)(le)該地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態特(te)征、飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)技(ji)術(shu)等(deng)(deng),對(dui)(dui)研(yan)究壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)早期(qi)(qi)形(xing)成具有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)價(jia)值。據(ju)(ju)清代(dai)《壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》記(ji)載(zai):“雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比(bi)戶(hu)皆畜(chu),雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)卵甲他縣(xian)(xian),皮(pi)有(you)(you)(you)紅白(bai)之殊,雄雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)者高(gao)尺許(xu),長冠(guan)巨(ju)爪,為(wei)(wei)一(yi)邑特(te)產(chan)”。 壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)上海瑯山雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)三(san)黃雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、河南(nan)固(gu)始(shi)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)同稱為(wei)(wei)中國(guo)(guo)四大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最負盛名,歷史(shi)最悠久(jiu),它是(shi)(shi)唯(wei)一(yi)被(bei)載(zai)入(ru)(ru)《大(da)(da)不列(lie)顛百科全(quan)書(shu)—品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卷》的(de)(de)(de)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根據(ju)(ju)1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)出版(ban)社(she)出版(ban),由趙(zhao)希斌編(bian)寫的(de)(de)(de)《家(jia)禽(qin)》一(yi)書(shu)記(ji)載(zai),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),曾運(yun)往蘇聯(lian)展覽或(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)交換品(pin)(pin)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月,在(zai)(zai)(zai)原華東(dong)(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)研(yan)究所品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)調查的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上,在(zai)(zai)(zai)原產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市(shi)(shi)稻田鎮建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)慈(ci)倫雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang),開(kai)展保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)提純(chun)復壯工作(zuo)(zuo)。20世紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)末期(qi)(qi),隨著(zhu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)化的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展和(he)(he)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量引(yin)進(jin)(jin),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)受到巨(ju)大(da)(da)沖擊。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數量大(da)(da)幅度減少,造(zao)成多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)鎖繁育和(he)(he)近親(qin)繁殖(zhi)現象,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力明(ming)顯降(jiang)低(di),甚至到了(le)(le)(le)瀕臨(lin)滅絕(jue)的(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)緣。在(zai)(zai)(zai)此情(qing)況下,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)慈(ci)倫種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)多方(fang)(fang)面籌集資金(jin),硬是(shi)(shi)把壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)了(le)(le)(le)下來(lai)。一(yi)個場(chang)子堅持保(bao)(bao)護(hu)一(yi)個地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)近50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),這在(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)為(wei)(wei)數不多。吳常信(xin)院士考察指導時(shi)給(gei)(gei)予(yu)了(le)(le)(le)高(gao)度評價(jia),認為(wei)(wei)這是(shi)(shi)一(yi)件了(le)(le)(le)不起的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情(qing)。1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以來(lai),各級(ji)政(zheng)府、上級(ji)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務主管部(bu)門及(ji)(ji)科研(yan)單(dan)位(wei)對(dui)(dui)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作(zuo)(zuo)給(gei)(gei)予(yu)了(le)(le)(le)高(gao)度重(zhong)(zhong)視。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),吳常信(xin)院士與(yu)(yu)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫局(ju)領導在(zai)(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市(shi)(shi)領導陪同下到壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)慈(ci)倫種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)考察指導工作(zuo)(zuo),當即拍板定案:三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)間內(nei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)、山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫總(zong)站(zhan)和(he)(he)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府按(an)照1:2:3的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例給(gei)(gei)予(yu)配(pei)套(tao)資金(jin)用于(yu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數量由500套(tao)擴大(da)(da)到3000套(tao),品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)量得(de)到恢復,也為(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)用奠定了(le)(le)(le)堅實(shi)基(ji)礎。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)優良(liang)肉雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化開(kai)發(fa)(fa)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu),為(wei)(wei)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)提供核心育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)素(su)材(cai)。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)單(dan)位(wei)科技(ji)推廣(guang)(guang)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu),與(yu)(yu)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)院家(jia)禽(qin)所協作(zuo)(zuo),進(jin)(jin)行地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)優良(liang)家(jia)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)(ji)高(gao)效(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)推廣(guang)(guang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)省(sheng)推廣(guang)(guang)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)父母代(dai)2.1萬(wan)套(tao),商(shang)品(pin)(pin)代(dai)280萬(wan)只,向周邊(bian)省(sheng)市(shi)(shi)推廣(guang)(guang)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)代(dai)70余萬(wan)只,取得(de)了(le)(le)(le)顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)社(she)會效(xiao)益(yi)(yi),步(bu)入(ru)(ru)了(le)(le)(le)優質(zhi)肉雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)軌道。該項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)獲得(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)豐收(shou)獎二等(deng)(deng)獎。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月23日,山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)質(zhi)量技(ji)術(shu)監督局(ju)發(fa)(fa)布山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(DB37/T516—2004)“壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,該標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規定了(le)(le)(le)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)性,該標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)適(shi)用于(yu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑒定。
三.地域范圍
壽光雞分布在山東省(sheng)壽光市(shi)境內(nei)(nei)的圣城、文家、孫家集、洛城、古城五個(ge)街道(dao)辦事處,稻田(tian)、侯鎮(zhen)、上口(kou)、田(tian)柳、營(ying)里(li)、羊口(kou)、化龍、紀臺、臺頭(tou)九個(ge)鎮(zhen),境內(nei)(nei)存養壽光雞 200萬余只。地理坐標為(wei)東經(jing)118°32′00″~119°10′00″,北緯36°41′00″~37°19′00″。
四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
1、體型外貌特征:壽光(guang)雞(ji)體軀高(gao)大,紅冠,黑(hei)嘴、黑(hei)羽、黑(hei)腿,白皮(pi)膚,蛋殼顏色為紅褐色。
a體型(xing):壽(shou)光雞(ji)(ji)體軀高大(da),骨骼粗壯,體長胸深,背(bei)寬平直,腿高而粗,腳爪大(da)而堅實。分為大(da)、中(zhong)兩個品系(xi)。大(da)型(xing)雞(ji)(ji)腿高,體長,背(bei)稍(shao)窄,頭較大(da),眼(yan)稍(shao)凹,面部(bu)(bu)較粗糙,屬肉蛋(dan)兼(jian)用型(xing)。中(zhong)型(xing)體重稍(shao)小于(yu)大(da)型(xing)雞(ji)(ji),背(bei)寬,腿較矮,頭大(da)小適中(zhong),眼(yan)大(da)靈活,面部(bu)(bu)較細致清秀,屬蛋(dan)肉兼(jian)用型(xing)。
b外(wai)貌特征:全身黑(hei)羽,并閃有金屬(shu)光澤,尾有長短之分(fen)。單(dan)冠,冠有大小之分(fen),冠、髯、耳葉、臉均為紅(hong)色(se),眼大靈活(huo),虹彩黑(hei)褐(he)色(se),喙(hui)、脛、爪為黑(hei)色(se),皮膚為白(bai)色(se)。
2、內在品質(zhi):壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)皮下脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)分(fen)(fen)布均勻,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)細嫩;肌(ji)間(jian)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)、肌(ji)甘酸含(han)量較(jiao)高(gao)(gao),雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)品質(zhi)香,風(feng)味(wei)獨特(te)。 壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的理化特(te)性(xing):水分(fen)(fen)(%)≥70.6、65℃干燥失重(%)≥70.7、蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(%)20.3-29.61、鈣(㎎/㎏)5.2-6.0、氨基酸總和(g/100g)15.6-20.6。根(gen)據山東農業大學李(li)同樹(shu)教授(shou)對壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)的肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)特(te)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi),壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)與中型蛋雞(ji)(ji)(ji)黃金褐父母代(dai)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)相比(bi),壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)具有腿肌(ji)發達,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)色較(jiao)深,肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)系(xi)水力和熟肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率高(gao)(gao),肌(ji)纖維(wei)較(jiao)細的突出(chu)優點。與AA肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)相比(bi),壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)水分(fen)(fen)含(han)量低,蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao),特(te)別(bie)是肌(ji)間(jian)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)量明顯優于AA肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)雞(ji)(ji)(ji),這是壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)品質(zhi)香的主要原因。總體上講,壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)色良好,系(xi)水力較(jiao)高(gao)(gao),嫩度適宜,而且(qie)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)中風(feng)味(wei)成分(fen)(fen)肌(ji)苷酸含(han)量較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)。
3、質量安全(quan)要求:壽光雞生產嚴格按(an)《NY5032-2006無公(gong)害食品畜禽(qin)飼(si)料(liao)和(he)飼(si)料(liao)添加劑使用準(zhun)則》、《NY5030-2006無公(gong)害食品畜禽(qin)飼(si)養獸藥(yao)使用準(zhun)則》執行。
五(wu).特定生(sheng)產方式
1、產(chan)地選(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特(te)殊內(nei)容規定:壽光雞(ji)生活在壽光彌(mi)河(he)流域,境內(nei)環境無污(wu)染,境內(nei)飲用水、大(da)(da)氣土壤(rang)均符(fu)合國家標準。壽光市(shi)位于渤海灣(wan)南岸的沖積平原,水灌(guan)條件較好,農(nong)作(zuo)物主要(yao)有小麥(mai)、玉(yu)米、高梁、大(da)(da)豆、谷子、甘薯(shu)等。這一帶地靠(kao)海濱,魚、蝦、貝(bei)殼較多,養雞(ji)飼(si)料資源豐富。
2、品(pin)種選(xuan)擇與特(te)定要(yao)求:壽(shou)光市重視壽(shou)光雞的(de)品(pin)種選(xuan)育,對(dui)該品(pin)種選(xuan)育以(yi)本品(pin)種為主,采用家(jia)系等量留種、家(jia)系間循環交配(pei),品(pin)系間橫向(xiang)固定、縱向(xiang)提高(gao)的(de)方式(shi)選(xuan)育選(xuan)配(pei)。選(xuan)擇的(de)性狀母雞重點進行(xing)產蛋量、蛋殼質量、開產日齡(ling)、早(zao)期增重速度、受精(jing)率等幾(ji)個性狀的(de)選(xuan)擇,公雞主要(yao)進行(xing)增重速度的(de)選(xuan)擇。養殖企業堅持自(zi)繁自(zi)養,不近親雜交,確保了本品(pin)種特(te)有遺傳(chuan)性能的(de)穩定。
六.包裝標識相關(guan)規定
1、包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝:包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝材料應符(fu)合(he)GB11680和GB9687的規定。包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝物使用無毒油墨印(yin)刷(shua)。
2、標(biao)(biao)識:標(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用人應在其產品(pin)或其包裝上統一使(shi)用農產品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志(壽光(guang)雞和(he)公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)注型式(shi))。
3、運輸:公路、水路運輸應(ying)使(shi)用符合衛生要求的冷藏車(船)或(huo)保溫車,鐵路運輸按國家有(you)關規(gui)定執行。