一.產品介紹
1、原產區(qu):山(shan)東省壽光市稻田鎮慈家、倫家一帶。
2、體(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)外貌描(miao)述:①體(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing):壽(shou)光雞體(ti)軀高大(da)(da)(da),骨骼粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang),體(ti)長(chang)胸深,背寬(kuan)(kuan)平直,腿高而粗(cu)(cu),腳爪(zhua)(zhua)大(da)(da)(da)而堅實。分(fen)為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)、中兩個品系。大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雞腿高,體(ti)長(chang),背稍窄,頭較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da),眼(yan)(yan)稍凹,面(mian)部較(jiao)粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao),屬(shu)肉蛋兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。中型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體(ti)重(zhong)稍小于大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雞,背寬(kuan)(kuan),腿較(jiao)矮,頭大(da)(da)(da)小適中,眼(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)靈活,面(mian)部較(jiao)細致清秀,屬(shu)蛋肉兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。②外貌特征:全身黑(hei)羽,并閃(shan)有(you)金屬(shu)光澤(ze),尾(wei)有(you)長(chang)短(duan)之分(fen)。單(dan)冠,冠有(you)大(da)(da)(da)小之分(fen),冠、髯、耳葉(xie)、臉均為(wei)紅色(se),眼(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)靈活,虹彩黑(hei)褐色(se),喙(hui)、脛、爪(zhua)(zhua)為(wei)黑(hei)色(se),皮膚(fu)為(wei)白(bai)色(se)。初生雛絨(rong)毛為(wei)全黑(hei)色(se),少數眼(yan)(yan)的上、后(hou)部和喙(hui)角及頜、頸(jing)下部有(you)淡(dan)黃(huang)色(se)斑塊(kuai)。頭頂、頸(jing)后(hou)、背腰部絨(rong)毛呈黑(hei)色(se)。頸(jing)側(ce)、體(ti)側(ce)、尾(wei)部呈黑(hei)灰色(se)。喙(hui)呈黑(hei)色(se)或(huo)喙(hui)尖為(wei)黃(huang)白(bai)色(se)。脛、趾灰色(se),皮膚(fu)白(bai)色(se)。
3、生(sheng)產性(xing)能:①生(sheng)長(chang)速(su)(su)度:壽(shou)光雞(ji)(ji)(ji)平均初生(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)42.4克(ke),雛(chu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)早期發育和羽(yu)毛生(sheng)長(chang)較(jiao)慢,特別是大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)壽(shou)光雞(ji)(ji)(ji),生(sheng)長(chang)前(qian)期常(chang)有背毛稀疏(shu),后軀赤(chi)裸、禿尾現象。生(sheng)長(chang)速(su)(su)度一般從40日齡(ling)(ling)開始加快,至3月齡(ling)(ling)后生(sheng)長(chang)最(zui)快,體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)快速(su)(su)增加。②產蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)能:該雞(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)產蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)量和蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)因類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)同有一定(ding)的(de)(de)差(cha)異。大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)年產蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)90—100個,蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)65—75克(ke);中型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)年產蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)120—150個,最(zui)高可達213個,蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)60—65克(ke).蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)殼顏色為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅褐色,蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)殼厚度0.36毫米,蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)形指數(shu)測定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.32。 4、繁殖性(xing)能:性(xing)成熟期:大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)開產日齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)(wei)140天(tian),平均開產體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)2.55千克(ke)。中型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)開產日齡(ling)(ling)120天(tian),開產體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.0千克(ke)左右。②公母比(bi)(bi)例:自然(ran)配種公母比(bi)(bi)例,大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1:8—10,中型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)1:10—12。種蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)受(shou)精(jing)率(lv)90.7%,受(shou)精(jing)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)孵化率(lv)80.9%。③就巢性(xing):據1982年壽(shou)光慈倫種雞(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)統計,經選育后就巢母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)數(shu)僅占0.89%。④雛(chu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)生(sheng)活力:在正(zheng)常(chang)飼(si)養管理條件(jian)下,據壽(shou)光慈倫種雞(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)測定(ding),雛(chu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)1月齡(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)成活率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)96.8%,2月齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)(wei)92.5%,與(yu)外來品種對(dui)比(bi)(bi),雛(chu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)發病緩和,治(zhi)愈(yu)率(lv)較(jiao)高,體(ti)況(kuang)恢復較(jiao)快。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況:壽(shou)光是一(yi)個(ge)自南(nan)(nan)而北(bei)緩慢降(jiang)低的平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)區(qu)。海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)最高(gao)點在(zai)孫家(jia)集街道辦事處三元(yuan)(yuan)朱村(cun)東南(nan)(nan)角埠頂處,高(gao)程49.5米(mi)(mi)(mi);最低點在(zai)大(da)家(jia)洼鎮的老河口(kou)附近,高(gao)程1米(mi)(mi)(mi)。南(nan)(nan)北(bei)相對高(gao)差(cha)48.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),水(shui)平(ping)(ping)距離70公(gong)里,平(ping)(ping)均坡度降(jiang)萬分(fen)之七。河流(liu)(liu)和地(di)表徑流(liu)(liu)自西南(nan)(nan)向東北(bei)流(liu)(liu)動,形(xing)成(cheng)大(da)平(ping)(ping)小(xiao)不平(ping)(ping)的微地(di)貌差(cha)異(yi)。全(quan)市地(di)形(xing)總體分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三部分(fen):壽(shou)南(nan)(nan)緩崗區(qu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泰沂山區(qu)北(bei)部洪(hong)積(ji)(ji)扇尾。成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)母(mu)質多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)物,土(tu)(tu)質較(jiao)好。全(quan)區(qu)地(di)形(xing)部位高(gao),地(di)面起伏大(da),地(di)表徑流(liu)(liu)強(qiang),潛水(shui)埋深(shen)大(da)于5米(mi)(mi)(mi)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)褐土(tu)(tu)和潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)褐土(tu)(tu)。中部微斜平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)區(qu),地(di)勢平(ping)(ping)緩,坡降(jiang)很小(xiao)。因受河流(liu)(liu)影響,各個(ge)地(di)貌單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)呈南(nan)(nan)北(bei)走(zou)向間隔條帶狀分(fen)布。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)母(mu)質為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)河流(liu)(liu)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)物。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)褐土(tu)(tu)化(hua)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)、濕潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)和砂(sha)姜黑土(tu)(tu)。 濱海(hai)淺平(ping)(ping)洼地(di),地(di)形(xing)部位較(jiao)低,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)在(zai)4—7米(mi)(mi)(mi)之間。成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)母(mu)質為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)海(hai)相沉積(ji)(ji)物與河流(liu)(liu)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)物迭次相間。地(di)下水(shui)埋深(shen)1—3米(mi)(mi)(mi),礦化(hua)度較(jiao)高(gao)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)濱海(hai)鹽土(tu)(tu)和濱海(hai)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)鹽土(tu)(tu)。
2、水(shui)文情況(kuang):壽光境內(nei)(nei)多(duo)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),現在(zai)全境內(nei)(nei)有河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)17條,其中(zhong)小清河(he)(he)(he)從境內(nei)(nei)北(bei)端(duan)入(ru)(ru)海,常年流(liu)(liu)水(shui),有水(shui)上運輸(shu)之利,余皆(jie)季(ji)節性歇河(he)(he)(he)。最大的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)是彌(mi)(mi)河(he)(he)(he),縱貫(guan)境內(nei)(nei)南(nan)北(bei),將全市水(shui)系分為東(dong)西兩部分。彌(mi)(mi)河(he)(he)(he)以西為小清河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)系,彌(mi)(mi)河(he)(he)(he)以東(dong)為彌(mi)(mi)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)系。彌(mi)(mi)河(he)(he)(he)由(you)紀臺鎮西南(nan)入(ru)(ru)境,流(liu)(liu)經紀臺、孫(sun)家集、圣城、上口、田柳、營里等鎮。主河(he)(he)(he)道境內(nei)(nei)總長度為80公里,河(he)(he)(he)槽平均寬(kuan)170米,入(ru)(ru)境流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)2248平方公里。
3、氣候情況:壽光地處(chu)中緯度(du)帶(dai),北臨渤海,屬(shu)暖溫帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)區大陸性氣候。受(shou)暖冷(leng)空氣的交(jiao)替影(ying)響,形成了“春(chun)季(ji)干旱(han)少(shao)(shao)雨,夏季(ji)炎(yan)熱多(duo)雨,秋季(ji)爽涼有(you)旱(han),冬季(ji)干冷(leng)少(shao)(shao)雪”的氣候特(te)點。
a日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao):全年平均日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數2607.4小時(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)59%。年內日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)分布(bu)不均,以5月日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數最多,為(wei)274.3小時(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)63%;12月最少,為(wei)176.4小時(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)59%。
b氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen):歷年平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)12.4℃。境內溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)相(xiang)差在0.1—0.3℃之間(jian),月(yue)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7月(yue)最(zui)(zui)高,為(wei)26.2℃。1月(yue)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di),為(wei)-3.4℃,月(yue)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)年較差29.6℃。極端最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-22.3℃,極端最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)41℃。春季(ji)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)回(hui)升較快,平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)升到(dao)6℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang),0 ℃以(yi)下溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)出現較少。夏(xia)季(ji)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)炎熱,平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)23 ℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang),日(ri)最(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)在30℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)時間(jian),平均(jun)(jun)(jun)每年68天(tian)(tian)。秋季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)逐日(ri)降低(di)(di),平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)19℃,有(you)寒潮出現。冬季(ji)從(cong)12月(yue)開始(shi),平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在-1℃以(yi)下,日(ri)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)于(yu)-10℃以(yi)下的(de)時間(jian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)22天(tian)(tian)。
C降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui):歷年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)591.9毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),最大年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)1286.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),最小年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)299.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)。境內(nei)年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)差異不大,為10—30毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),干旱和(he)濕潤季節分明。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)分布不均(jun):春季平均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)79.3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),夏季降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為387.1毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)65.4%,秋(qiu)季降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)101.2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),冬季降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)最少,只占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)的4.1%。
4、人文(wen)歷史(shi)情況:養雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)是(shi)(shi)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是(shi)(shi)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)農(nong)民收(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)來源。壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)優(you)良(liang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),該(gai)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主要(yao)分布在(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彌河流域,歷史(shi)上經過(guo)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)勞(lao)動(dong)人民長期(qi)(qi)選(xuan)育(yu),遺傳(chuan)性能(neng)穩定(ding),外貌特征(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致,具(ju)有(you)體(ti)型(xing)碩大(da)、黑羽、黑腿、黑嘴、白(bai)皮(pi)膚,肉(rou)質(zhi)細(xi)嫩,風(feng)味鮮美,蛋大(da)皮(pi)紅等(deng)特性,在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外享有(you)較高(gao)聲譽,被列入(ru)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志和(he)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)護(hu)名錄。據史(shi)料記(ji)載(zai),該(gai)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)形成(cheng)與(yu)(yu)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化與(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)活動(dong)息息相關(guan),有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)較長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程。公元前(qian)480年(nian)(nian)(nian)至公元前(qian)220年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),以齊國(guo)(guo)鄒衍為(wei)首的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)興學(xue)派所(suo)(suo)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《周禮·夏官·職方(fang)(fang)氏》中論(lun)述(shu)了(le)天下九州(zhou)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區對人與(yu)(yu)動(dong)植物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,其(qi)曰“乃(nai)辨九州(zhou)之(zhi)國(guo)(guo)……正東(dong)(dong)曰青(qing)州(zhou)……其(qi)畜宜雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)狗(gou);其(qi)谷宜稻(dao)麥(mai)”。原青(qing)州(zhou)(現壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)、益都等(deng)縣(xian))乃(nai)屬當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)九州(zhou)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)轄(xia)區之(zhi)內(nei),可見養雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)(shi)即已(yi)占重要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)。公元六世紀北魏(wei)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)杰出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)賈思勰系古青(qing)州(zhou)人,在(zai)(zai)他(ta)(ta)撰寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《齊民要(yao)術(shu)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書中,記(ji)述(shu)了(le)該(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形態特征(zheng)、飼養技術(shu)等(deng),對研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)形成(cheng)具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)價值。據清(qing)代(dai)《壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)縣(xian)志》記(ji)載(zai):“雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比(bi)戶(hu)皆畜,雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)卵(luan)甲他(ta)(ta)縣(xian),皮(pi)有(you)紅白(bai)之(zhi)殊,雄雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)者高(gao)尺許,長冠巨爪,為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)邑特產(chan)”。 壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)上海瑯山(shan)(shan)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)三黃(huang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、河南固始雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)同(tong)稱為(wei)中國(guo)(guo)四大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最負盛名,歷史(shi)最悠久(jiu),它是(shi)(shi)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)被載(zai)入(ru)《大(da)不(bu)(bu)列顛(dian)百科(ke)全書—品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卷》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)我國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根據1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)科(ke)學(xue)出版(ban)(ban)社出版(ban)(ban),由趙希斌編寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《家(jia)(jia)(jia)禽(qin)(qin)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書記(ji)載(zai),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)、1954年(nian)(nian)(nian),曾運(yun)往(wang)蘇聯(lian)展(zhan)覽(lan)或作(zuo)交換品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue),在(zai)(zai)原華(hua)東(dong)(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)(suo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)調查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上,在(zai)(zai)原產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市稻(dao)田鎮(zhen)建(jian)立了(le)慈倫(lun)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場,開展(zhan)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)提純復壯工作(zuo)。20世紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)末期(qi)(qi),隨著(zhu)養雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量引(yin)進,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)養殖受(shou)到(dao)巨大(da)沖擊。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數(shu)量大(da)幅度減(jian)少,造成(cheng)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)鎖繁育(yu)和(he)近(jin)親繁殖現象(xiang),生(sheng)產(chan)力明顯降低,甚至到(dao)了(le)瀕臨(lin)滅絕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣(yuan)。在(zai)(zai)此情況下,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)慈倫(lun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場多(duo)方(fang)(fang)面籌集資金(jin),硬是(shi)(shi)把壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)存了(le)下來。一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)場子堅持保(bao)護(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)近(jin)50年(nian)(nian)(nian),這在(zai)(zai)全國(guo)(guo)為(wei)數(shu)不(bu)(bu)多(duo)。吳常信院(yuan)士考察指(zhi)導時(shi)(shi)給(gei)予(yu)了(le)高(gao)度評價,認為(wei)這是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件了(le)不(bu)(bu)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事情。1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)以來,各(ge)級(ji)政府(fu)、上級(ji)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務主管部門及(ji)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)單位(wei)對壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作(zuo)給(gei)予(yu)了(le)高(gao)度重視。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian),吳常信院(yuan)士與(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫局領導在(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市領導陪(pei)同(tong)下到(dao)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)慈倫(lun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場考察指(zhi)導工作(zuo),當即拍板定(ding)案:三年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi)間內(nei)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部、山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫總(zong)站和(he)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市政府(fu)按照1:2:3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例(li)給(gei)予(yu)配(pei)套(tao)(tao)資金(jin)用(yong)于(yu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數(shu)量由500套(tao)(tao)擴大(da)到(dao)3000套(tao)(tao),品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)量得到(dao)恢(hui)復,也為(wei)其(qi)開發(fa)利(li)用(yong)奠定(ding)了(le)堅實(shi)基礎。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)列入(ru)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)優(you)良(liang)肉(rou)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化開發(fa)項目(mu),為(wei)項目(mu)提供核(he)心育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)素(su)材。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)列入(ru)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)事業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)單位(wei)科(ke)技推(tui)廣(guang)項目(mu),與(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)禽(qin)(qin)所(suo)(suo)協作(zuo),進行(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)優(you)良(liang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)禽(qin)(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)高(gao)效生(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)推(tui)廣(guang),在(zai)(zai)全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)推(tui)廣(guang)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)父母代(dai)2.1萬套(tao)(tao),商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)代(dai)280萬只,向(xiang)周邊省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)市推(tui)廣(guang)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)代(dai)70余萬只,取得了(le)顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效益和(he)社會效益,步入(ru)了(le)優(you)質(zhi)肉(rou)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軌道。該(gai)項目(mu)獲(huo)得農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部豐收(shou)獎二等(deng)獎。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)23日,山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)量技術(shu)監(jian)督局發(fa)布山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)標準(DB37/T516—2004)“壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,該(gai)標準規(gui)定(ding)了(le)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特性,該(gai)標準適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑒(jian)定(ding)。
三.地域范圍
壽光(guang)雞(ji)分布(bu)在山(shan)東省壽光(guang)市境內的圣(sheng)城、文家、孫家集、洛(luo)城、古(gu)城五(wu)個街道辦事處,稻田(tian)、侯鎮、上口、田(tian)柳、營里、羊口、化(hua)龍(long)、紀臺、臺頭九個鎮,境內存(cun)養壽光(guang)雞(ji) 200萬余(yu)只。地理坐標為(wei)東經118°32′00″~119°10′00″,北緯(wei)36°41′00″~37°19′00″。
四(si).產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特性特征
1、體型(xing)外貌特征:壽光雞體軀高(gao)大,紅冠,黑(hei)嘴、黑(hei)羽、黑(hei)腿,白皮膚,蛋殼顏色(se)為紅褐色(se)。
a體(ti)(ti)型(xing):壽光雞體(ti)(ti)軀高大(da)(da)(da),骨骼粗(cu)壯,體(ti)(ti)長胸(xiong)深,背寬(kuan)平(ping)直,腿(tui)(tui)(tui)高而(er)粗(cu),腳爪大(da)(da)(da)而(er)堅實。分為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)、中(zhong)兩個品系。大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)雞腿(tui)(tui)(tui)高,體(ti)(ti)長,背稍(shao)窄,頭較大(da)(da)(da),眼(yan)稍(shao)凹,面部較粗(cu)糙(cao),屬(shu)肉蛋(dan)兼(jian)用型(xing)。中(zhong)型(xing)體(ti)(ti)重稍(shao)小于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)雞,背寬(kuan),腿(tui)(tui)(tui)較矮,頭大(da)(da)(da)小適中(zhong),眼(yan)大(da)(da)(da)靈活,面部較細致(zhi)清秀,屬(shu)蛋(dan)肉兼(jian)用型(xing)。
b外(wai)貌特征:全身黑羽,并閃有金屬光(guang)澤,尾有長短之(zhi)分。單冠(guan),冠(guan)有大小之(zhi)分,冠(guan)、髯、耳葉、臉均為(wei)紅(hong)色(se),眼大靈活(huo),虹彩黑褐色(se),喙、脛、爪為(wei)黑色(se),皮膚為(wei)白色(se)。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi):壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)皮下(xia)脂(zhi)肪(fang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布均(jun)勻,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)細嫩;肌間脂(zhi)肪(fang)、肌甘酸(suan)(suan)含(han)(han)量較(jiao)高,雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)香,風味獨(du)特。 壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的理化特性:水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(%)≥70.6、65℃干燥失重(zhong)(%)≥70.7、蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(%)20.3-29.61、鈣(㎎/㎏)5.2-6.0、氨基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)總和(g/100g)15.6-20.6。根(gen)據山東農業大(da)學李同樹教(jiao)授對壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)的肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)特性分(fen)(fen)(fen)析,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)與中型蛋雞(ji)(ji)黃金褐父母代雞(ji)(ji)相比(bi),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)具有腿肌發(fa)達,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)色較(jiao)深,肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)系水(shui)力和熟肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率高,肌纖維較(jiao)細的突出優點。與AA肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)雞(ji)(ji)相比(bi),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)含(han)(han)量低,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)高,特別是(shi)肌間脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)(han)量明顯優于AA肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)雞(ji)(ji),這是(shi)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)香的主要原因(yin)。總體上講,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)色良好,系水(shui)力較(jiao)高,嫩度適宜,而且肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)中風味成分(fen)(fen)(fen)肌苷酸(suan)(suan)含(han)(han)量較(jiao)高。
3、質量安全要求:壽(shou)光雞(ji)生產(chan)嚴格按《NY5032-2006無公害食品畜禽(qin)飼料和飼料添(tian)加劑使用準(zhun)則》、《NY5030-2006無公害食品畜禽(qin)飼養獸藥使用準(zhun)則》執(zhi)行(xing)。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
1、產地選(xuan)擇與特殊內容(rong)規定:壽光(guang)雞生活(huo)在壽光(guang)彌河流域,境內環境無污染,境內飲用水、大氣土壤均符(fu)合(he)國家標準。壽光(guang)市(shi)位于渤海灣(wan)南岸的沖積(ji)平原,水灌條件較好,農作物主要有(you)小麥、玉米(mi)、高梁、大豆(dou)、谷子、甘薯等。這一帶地靠海濱,魚、蝦、貝殼較多,養雞飼料資源豐富。
2、品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)定(ding)(ding)要求:壽(shou)光市重視壽(shou)光雞(ji)的(de)品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu),對該品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)以本品(pin)(pin)種為主,采用家系等量(liang)(liang)(liang)留種、家系間循環交(jiao)配,品(pin)(pin)系間橫向(xiang)固定(ding)(ding)、縱向(xiang)提高的(de)方式選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)配。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)狀母雞(ji)重點進行產(chan)蛋量(liang)(liang)(liang)、蛋殼質量(liang)(liang)(liang)、開(kai)產(chan)日齡、早期增重速(su)度、受精率等幾個性(xing)(xing)(xing)狀的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze),公(gong)雞(ji)主要進行增重速(su)度的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)。養(yang)殖(zhi)企業堅持自繁自養(yang),不近(jin)親(qin)雜交(jiao),確保了本品(pin)(pin)種特(te)有遺傳性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)穩定(ding)(ding)。
六(liu).包裝標識相關規(gui)定
1、包裝:包裝材料應符合(he)GB11680和(he)GB9687的(de)規定(ding)。包裝物使用無(wu)毒油墨印(yin)刷。
2、標(biao)識(shi):標(biao)志使(shi)用人應(ying)在其產品或其包裝上(shang)統一使(shi)用農產品地理(li)標(biao)志(壽(shou)光雞和公共標(biao)識(shi)圖案(an)組合標(biao)注(zhu)型式)。
3、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu):公路(lu)、水(shui)路(lu)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)應(ying)使用符合(he)衛生要求的冷藏車(船)或保溫車,鐵(tie)路(lu)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)按國家有關規定執行。