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旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)，中藥材品種(zhong)，四川省旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)縣特產(chan)，中國(guo)國(guo)家地理標(biao)志產(chan)品。旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)縣人工(gong)栽培杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)歷(li)史悠久，適宜的(de)土壤(rang)氣候條件(jian)和豐富(fu)(fu)的(de)水資源，使旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)資源豐富(fu)(fu)、品質(zhi)高，杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)皮和葉(xie)里有效成(cheng)分含量居(ju)中國(guo)之首，為旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)贏(ying)來了“林(lin)蔭藥鄉”的(de)美(mei)譽。

生物特性

旺(wang)蒼杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)屬杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)科落(luo)葉喬木(mu)。又稱(cheng)絲(si)棉(mian)木(mu)。高(gao)可達15米—20米。樹皮(pi)(pi)入藥，以(yi)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)為主要原料的中(zhong)成(cheng)藥在(zai)東(dong)南亞各國和港澳地(di)區(qu)很有(you)聲(sheng)譽；葉子可制保(bao)健茶，外銷日(ri)本(ben)，也(ye)可提取杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)膠。品(pin)種(zhong)有(you)粗皮(pi)(pi)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)、光皮(pi)(pi)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)。四川(chuan)開發利用歷史悠久，全省120個縣(xian)（市）有(you)公布，主要公布在(zai)廣元、綿陽、成(cheng)都、萬縣(xian)、巴中(zhong)等市地(di)。

杜仲(zhong)的干燥樹皮(pi)(pi)(pi)，常用(yong)川產道地中藥(yao)材。又(you)稱思(si)仙、思(si)仲(zhong)、絲棉(mian)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)、扯絲皮(pi)(pi)(pi)。始載于《神農(nong)本草(cao)經(jing)》。性(xing)溫，味(wei)甘、微辛，具有補肝腎(shen)、強筋(jin)骨、安胎、降(jiang)血壓等(deng)功效。主產于巴中、達川、綿陽(yang)、青川、平(ping)武、溫江、彭州、都江堰等(deng)地。栽培或野(ye)生于山地林中，春、夏兩季剝取種植近10年的樹皮(pi)(pi)(pi)。皮(pi)(pi)(pi)厚(hou)，塊大，去凈(jing)粗(cu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)，面絲多(duo)，內表面色暗(an)紫為佳。主要藥(yao)用(yong)成分為杜仲(zhong)膠(jiao)。

生產情況

旺蒼(cang)(cang)縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)川北革命老區(qu)，山地面積占了全縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)99.96%，地理條件決(jue)定(ding)了旺蒼(cang)(cang)是(shi)以林業為(wei)主的(de)(de)山區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)。旺蒼(cang)(cang)杜仲(zhong)人工栽(zai)培(pei)歷(li)史悠久(jiu)，為(wei)該縣(xian)(xian)傳統的(de)(de)重要(yao)出口藥材。

資源分布

2008全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)3006.6萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，分(fen)布在三十五個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)（鎮），有(you)(you)(you)(you)九個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)（鎮）在百萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以上(shang)，集中成片的(de)(de)區域有(you)(you)(you)(you)英(ying)萃(cui)片區（包括(kuo)英(ying)萃(cui)、正源、鼓城(cheng)、檬(meng)子），有(you)(you)(you)(you)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)1259.1萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)41.9%，五權片區（包括(kuo)五權、水磨、大(da)河(he)）有(you)(you)(you)(you)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)373.6萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)12.4%，木(mu)門(men)片區（包括(kuo)木(mu)門(men)、九龍(long)(long)、化(hua)龍(long)(long)、龍(long)(long)建(jian)）有(you)(you)(you)(you)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)389.2萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)12.9%，杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)最多的(de)(de)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮有(you)(you)(you)(you)英(ying)萃(cui)600萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、正源397萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)涉及杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)大(da)戶5114戶。其(qi)中10000株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)286戶，占(zhan)(zhan)5.6%；5000-10000株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1013戶，占(zhan)(zhan)19.8%，1001-5000株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)3815戶，占(zhan)(zhan)74.6%。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)出現了(le)檬(meng)子鄉(xiang)(xiang)張尚凱、化(hua)龍(long)(long)鄉(xiang)(xiang)劉枝坤(kun)等杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)大(da)戶，每戶均在五萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以上(shang)。根據單株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生物量測(ce)算，全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)干(gan)皮貯量為36630噸，枝皮24930噸，葉(xie)86670噸，每年產籽10噸。成片造林2085.6萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)數(shu)的(de)(de)69.4%，“四旁”載(zai)植(zhi)達921萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)數(shu)的(de)(de)30.6%。

經營管理

秦(qin)巴山(shan)區(qu)(qu)的旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)資源豐富、品(pin)質(zhi)高(gao)，素有“林(lin)(lin)蔭藥(yao)鄉”之美稱。1984年(nian)四川(chuan)省中藥(yao)材(cai)生產(chan)規劃(hua)會把旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)列(lie)為(wei)杜(du)仲(zhong)生產(chan)基地(di)縣(xian)。1988年(nian)四川(chuan)省科委把旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)建設10萬(wan)畝杜(du)仲(zhong)商品(pin)生產(chan)基地(di)，列(lie)為(wei)“星火計劃(hua)”項目，1996年(nian)四川(chuan)省科委把旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)列(lie)為(wei)天然(ran)藥(yao)材(cai)杜(du)仲(zhong)產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范工(gong)程，2000年(nian)國(guo)家(jia)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)局把旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)縣(xian)命名為(wei)中國(guo)特優經濟林(lin)(lin)杜(du)仲(zhong)之鄉。1998年(nian)，該縣(xian)被列(lie)為(wei)中國(guo)第二(er)批高(gao)產(chan)優質(zhi)高(gao)效農(nong)(nong)業(ye)標準化(hua)杜(du)仲(zhong)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)，也是中國(guo)惟一一個杜(du)仲(zhong)栽培(pei)的農(nong)(nong)業(ye)標準化(hua)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)。為(wei)此(ci)，旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)縣(xian)制(zhi)定了(le)《旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)杜(du)仲(zhong)》、《旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)杜(du)仲(zhong)優質(zhi)豐產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)》、《旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)杜(du)仲(zhong)剝皮再(zai)生技(ji)術(shu)》等地(di)方標準，編寫印制(zhi)了(le)《杜(du)仲(zhong)全年(nian)管理技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)歷》、《杜(du)仲(zhong)林(lin)(lin)間管理技(ji)術(shu)》等技(ji)術(shu)資料，舉辦各(ge)種培(pei)訓(xun)20余期，培(pei)訓(xun)人員(yuan)1000余人，召開技(ji)術(shu)現場(chang)會20次，農(nong)(nong)民受培(pei)訓(xun)面達(da)85%以上。按照示(shi)(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)項目的要求，示(shi)(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)全面實施了(le)“公司+基地(di)+農(nong)(nong)戶+標準”的標準化(hua)生產(chan)管理模(mo)式，建立了(le)育苗、建園、栽植、施肥澆水、整形修剪(jian)、采(cai)摘(zhai)、加工(gong)等環節的一系列(lie)控制(zhi)措施。

2000年(nian)，示范區(qu)順利通過國(guo)(guo)家(jia)驗(yan)收。同年(nian)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)林業(ye)局命名旺(wang)蒼縣為(wei)“杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)之鄉”。到(dao)2006年(nian)，產值過億(yi)元；開發(fa)出(chu)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)酒、杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)茶(cha)、杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)葉(xie)粉等(deng)多種產品，不斷銷往中國(guo)(guo)各地，杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)茶(cha)還遠銷日本等(deng)國(guo)(guo)。