川(chuan)白芷(zhi)異名:方香(xiang)、香(xiang)白芷(zhi)、異形當歸。為(wei)傘形科植(zhi)物(wu)川(chuan)白芷(zhi)的根。
功效
祛(qu)風,燥濕,消腫,止痛(tong)。治頭痛(tong),齒痛(tong)、鼻淵、寒(han)濕腹痛(tong),帶下,癰疽瘡瘍,皮膚燥癢癬。
產(chan)新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),加(jia)工、炮(pao)制(zhi)及藥材質量產(chan)新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian):頭年(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)季下種,次年(nian)(nian)夏秋(qiu)季8月間(jian)(jian)(jian)葉黃時(shi)(shi)采收(shou)。唯河北安國有(you)在(zai)春季清(qing)明(ming)下種當年(nian)(nian)寒露采收(shou)者(zhe)。其質量不如(ru)秋(qiu)播者(zhe)好。 加(jia)工、炮(pao)制(zhi):挖取(qu)根部,去掉(diao)地(di)上部分(fen)及須(xu)根,冼凈泥土,曬干(gan)。杭州(zhou)地(di)區將處理干(gan)凈的(de)白芷放(fang)(fang)入缸(gang)內,加(jia)石灰拌勻,放(fang)(fang)置一周后(hou),曬時(shi)(shi)要勤翻動,如(ru)遇陰雨天時(shi)(shi)可用微火(huo)烘(hong)干(gan),然后(hou)再撞(zhuang)去粗皮(pi)(pi)。藥材質量:以獨支、皮(pi)(pi)細(xi)、外(wai)表土黃色、堅硬、光滑、香氣濃者(zhe)為佳。
產地分布
白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)產(chan)于四川(chuan)(chuan),河北,河南(nan),浙江為白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四大歷史產(chan)區。按照產(chan)區不同,又分別稱為川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、祁白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、禹白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、杭(hang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)產(chan)于四川(chuan)(chuan)遂寧、安岳、南(nan)川(chuan)(chuan)、達縣(xian)。正常(chang)年間,全川(chuan)(chuan)產(chan)量(liang)4000噸,其中素有“川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之鄉”的(de)遂寧白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年產(chan)量(liang)約為2300—2500噸,產(chan)量(liang)最大,質(zhi)量(liang)最好,被奉(feng)為地道藥材。除國內(nei)銷售(shou)外(wai),還供(gong)出(chu)口(kou)。
價格分析
川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)6500噸(dun)(dun)左右(包(bao)括(kuo)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)和香料)。20世紀90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,在市(shi)(shi)(shi)場經(jing)(jing)濟體(ti)制下,國(guo)(guo)有中藥(yao)(yao)材公(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土渠道(dao)調控功能(neng)(neng)逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)弱化(hua),中藥(yao)(yao)材市(shi)(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放開(kai),市(shi)(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)得(de)以強化(hua),似一(yi)(yi)雙無形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou),成為了(le)(le)(le)調節經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杠桿(gan)。白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由于受市(shi)(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出現盲目(mu)性,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷失調,市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兒(er)起幾落(luo),以川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為例(li):1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)僅(jin)5元(yuan)(yuan)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)災遇較大(da)范圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旱災,川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)銳(rui)減(jian),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)不(bu)(bu)足需(xu),供(gong)不(bu)(bu)應求,供(gong)求矛(mao)盾突出,從而使(shi)川(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)升至(zhi)(zhi)8-9元(yuan)(yuan),1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)達(da)歷史最高(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)位(wei)13元(yuan)(yuan)/斤(jin)(jin),下同)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)位(wei)偏高(gao),藥(yao)(yao)農(nong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)積(ji)極(ji)性空前市(shi)(shi)(shi)漲(zhang),白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)得(de)以迅猛發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),加之當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)風調雨順,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)火(huo)增(zeng)),白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)遂寧當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)就高(gao)達(da)4000噸(dun)(dun),全(quan)川(chuan)(chuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)6000噸(dun)(dun),禹白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)河南(nan)(nan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)812噸(dun)(dun),祁白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)河北產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)600噸(dun)(dun),再加上(shang)浙江、文敬、山東等產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)超過(guo)(guo)8000噸(dun)(dun),致使(shi)1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)暴(bao)跌(die),從年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12-13元(yuan)(yuan),跌(die)到年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2元(yuan)(yuan)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),山于巾(jin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)滑坡,大(da)大(da)挫(cuo)傷了(le)(le)(le)藥(yao)(yao)農(nong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)積(ji)極(ji)性,致使(shi)當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)忙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)大(da)幅(fu)減(jian)少,到1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)新時,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)僅(jin)為1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)半,市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)略有升幅(fu),漲(zhang)至(zhi)(zhi)3.5-3.8 元(yuan)(yuan)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),但國(guo)(guo)庫存過(guo)(guo)豐,供(gong)求基本(ben)平衡,市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)少有起伏,低谷徘徊近兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時間,—直到1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)庫存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)消(xiao)耗,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)加大(da)宏(hong)觀調控力度,提高(gao)糧(liang)、棉、油收(shou)購價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格來(lai)增(zeng)加農(nong)民(min)收(shou)入,川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)忙搭乘糧(liang)食漲(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)潮,市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)從產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)新前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)35元(yuan)(yuan)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),短短幾個月(yue)間漲(zhang)至(zhi)(zhi)1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)l0月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)75/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。但好景(jing)不(bu)(bu)長(chang),又受東南(nan)(nan)亞金融危機影(ying)響,薊市(shi)(shi)(shi)疲軟,市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)出現下滑跡象,新一(yi)(yi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格運行周(zhou)期山此拉開(kai)了(le)(le)(le)帷幕,經(jing)(jing)歷了(le)(le)(le)1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)緩慢下滑,1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)—路狂跌(die),2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)真正跌(die)入了(le)(le)(le)谷底(di),僅(jin)27元(yuan)(yuan)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),主要是(shi)前些年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)份,川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)于 個較高(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)位(wei),農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近利思想,盲目(mu)擴大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji),特別是(shi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)對糧(liang)食價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格下調,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)遠(yuan)不(bu)(bu)如(ru)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)強,農(nong)民(min)為求高(gao)收(shou)益,紛(fen)紛(fen)改種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),致使(shi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)從1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)(zhi)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)呈逐(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)趨勢,市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)逐(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下跌(die)。短期內,還出現祁白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、豫白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倒流到四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)成都荷花池(chi)藥(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局面(mian)(mian)。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)川(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)新時市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)觸底(di)反彈,市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)步(bu)入了(le)(le)(le)上(shang)升期。但終因(yin)庫存過(guo)(guo)豐,市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)直在2.8-3.5元(yuan)(yuan)之間徘徊。時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輪(lun)邁入了(le)(le)(le)2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)庫存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)消(xiao)耗,市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)出現轉機,重新抬頭,市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)從年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.7-2.8元(yuan)(yuan)漲(zhang)到了(le)(le)(le)現在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4.2-4.5元(yuan)(yuan)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。
縱(zong)觀川白(bai)芷(zhi)近10年(nian)(nian)的價(jia)格(ge)(ge)走勢,兩起兩落(luo),呈波(bo)浪式前進(jin)發展(zhan),最(zui)高價(jia)位曾漲(zhang)至(zhi)13—15元(yuan),最(zui)低市(shi)(shi)價(jia)僅2元(yuan)。根(gen)源何在呢?供求關系才是市(shi)(shi)價(jia)攀升的根(gen)本動(dong)力,國家宏觀政策(ce)也是影響中(zhong)藥材品(pin)種價(jia)格(ge)(ge)的一個重要因(yin)素(su),白(bai)芷(zhi)市(shi)(shi)價(jia)經歷了1992年(nian)(nian)的高潮(chao)(chao),1993年(nian)(nian),1994年(nian)(nian)的低谷(gu)(gu)再到1996年(nian)(nian)的高潮(chao)(chao)。為一市(shi)(shi)場周(zhou)期,市(shi)(shi)價(jia)從1998年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始下滑,2000年(nian)(nian)跌至(zhi)谷(gu)(gu)低,2001年(nian)(nian)緩慢回升,按照價(jia)格(ge)(ge)周(zhou)期運行規(gui)律,白(bai)芷(zhi)市(shi)(shi)價(jia)迎來(lai)了又一個上升年(nian)(nian),白(bai)芷(zhi)后市(shi)(shi)看好(hao),2002年(nian)(nian)白(bai)芷(zhi)市(shi)(shi)價(jia)達(da)到頂峰后,將再次步入漫長(chang)的低谷(gu)(gu)期。但這些都(dou)是周(zhou)期經驗,硬性的動(dong)向還(huan)受(shou)多方因(yin)素(su)制約,更(geng)需密切跟蹤(zong)。
藥理作用
體外(wai)試驗(yan)表明,1:10川白芷水煎劑對(dui)大腸、宋內氏(shi)痢疾、變形、傷寒、副(fu)傷寒、霍亂等有(you)抑制作(zuo)用。對(dui)人造(zao)結核有(you)抑制作(zuo)用。水浸液(ye)對(dui)奧杜盎氏(shi)小(xiao)芽胞癬菌等致病真(zhen)菌也有(you)一定的抑制作(zuo)用。