產地環境
滎經縣是四川省確認的天麻最適宜生態區,該縣種植的天麻有滎經“明麻”之盛名。滎經縣(xian)位于(yu)四川盆地(di)與青藏高原(yuan)過渡地(di)帶的盆周山區,森林(lin)覆蓋率高達67%,數(shu)十種樹(shu)木(mu)(櫟樹(shu)、化(hua)香(xiang)樹(shu)、華木(mu)、野核桃(tao)、櫻桃(tao)樹(shu)、楓香(xiang)樹(shu))都可用于(yu)種植(zhi)天麻,680-3666米的立體(ti)海拔氣候尤為(wei)獨特。
滎(ying)經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)與(yu)滎(ying)經(jing)(jing)歷史齊名,從17世紀(清(qing)代)開始就遠銷省內(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)。20世紀50-80年前(qian)計(ji)劃經(jing)(jing)濟時期,滎(ying)經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)被列入(ru)國家(jia)省內(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)調撥計(ji)劃和(he)(he)外(wai)(wai)(wai)貿出(chu)口計(ji)劃,并陳設于灌縣都(dou)江堰旅(lv)游商店、成都(dou)市德仁(ren)堂、北京大(da)柵欄街德仁(ren)堂旅(lv)游專柜銷售;廣(guang)東省新(xin)會(hui)縣藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)公(gong)司以及上海市藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)公(gong)司等曾派專人不辭萬里來滎(ying)經(jing)(jing)縣要求調供滎(ying)經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma),以供遠洋客輪和(he)(he)外(wai)(wai)(wai)賓(bin)需(xu)要。由于滎(ying)經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)供外(wai)(wai)(wai)貿出(chu)口,為國家(jia)贏得外(wai)(wai)(wai)匯收入(ru),因而滎(ying)經(jing)(jing)縣曾連續兩(liang)年獲得四(si)川(chuan)省醫藥(yao)(yao)系統經(jing)(jing)營管理一等獎;2002年,滎(ying)經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)獲“中國西部博覽會(hui)名優農產品(pin)獎”。
品質特征
滎經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)(ma)肥(fei)大堅實,橢圓形,略扁(bian),長3-9CM,寬1.5-6CM,厚(hou)0.5-2CM,頂端有(you)紅粽(zong)色(se)或紅色(se)芽(ya)苞(bao),俗稱鸚(ying)(ying)哥(ge)(ge)嘴。底端有(you)圓臍(qi)形的(de)疤痕,表面黃(huang)白色(se)至淡(dan)黃(huang)棕色(se),有(you)縱皺紋(wen)及由(you)潛(qian)伏芽(ya)排(pai)列(lie)而成的(de)橫環紋(wen)多(duo)輪,有(you)時可見棕褐色(se)菌索。質(zhi)堅硬,斷面細(xi)密,角質(zhi)樣(yang),呈半透明。氣微,味甘(gan)。滎經(jing)(jing)民謠“鸚(ying)(ying)哥(ge)(ge)嘴,紅撻帽,荷苞(bao)形,玉帶纏腰,細(xi)皮嫩(nen)肉半透明”形象概述(shu)了滎經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)(ma)的(de)典(dian)型特征,并且滎經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)(ma)的(de)主要藥用(yong)成分天麻(ma)(ma)素(su)也較其他產(chan)區(qu)高。
生產情況
2007年(nian)(nian),滎(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)建等(deng)鄉建立120平方米天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)仿野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽培(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)術示范點。2009年(nian)(nian),制訂了(le)(le)(le)《滎(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣(xian)農業產業化(hua)扶持辦法(fa)》,明確規定了(le)(le)(le)中藥材扶持標(biao)準為:天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)成片(pian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de),一次性(xing)按每畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1萬(wan)元給予補助。政策性(xing)引領極大地(di)(di)(di)提(ti)高了(le)(le)(le)農民(min)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)極性(xing)。堅持“相對集(ji)中、合(he)理布局(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)原則,搞好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產布局(ju)規劃,有計劃地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)縣(xian)范圍內建立一批有一定規模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)仿野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基地(di)(di)(di),逐步(bu)實(shi)現仿野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)區域化(hua)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業化(hua)、集(ji)約(yue)化(hua)、特色化(hua)。加強(qiang)了(le)(le)(le)技(ji)(ji)術服務。首(shou)先是要用野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)來保證(zheng)質量。野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)培(pei)(pei)育基地(di)(di)(di)均(jun)嚴格按照(zhao)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長環境(jing)來選址,基本符合(he)氣候、土壤、溫(wen)濕度(du)、水質等(deng)一系列要求。其(qi)次是用技(ji)(ji)術保證(zheng)質量。積(ji)極探索天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、兩菌(jun)培(pei)(pei)育,成功(gong)突破了(le)(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)仿野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術難關,掌(zhang)握了(le)(le)(le)一整套適(shi)合(he)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)栽培(pei)(pei)、管(guan)理技(ji)(ji)術。通過(guo)開展集(ji)中培(pei)(pei)訓、深(shen)入現場(chang)(chang)指(zhi)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)培(pei)(pei)訓45期、人(ren)員8000余人(ren)次,使多數(shu)群眾掌(zhang)握了(le)(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術。推(tui)廣了(le)(le)(le)規模(mo)(mo)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營。該縣(xian)堅持適(shi)度(du)規模(mo)(mo)和產業化(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營方向,經(jing)(jing)(jing)過(guo)幾年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)發展,到(dao)2010年(nian)(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)仿野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達到(dao)420畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),產值達4158萬(wan)元。到(dao)2011年(nian)(nian),7個(ge)連片(pian)20畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)以(yi)上(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基地(di)(di)(di)已全(quan)面(mian)建成,2011年(nian)(nian)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)建1個(ge)30畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準化(hua)示范園,逐步(bu)形成仿野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)培(pei)(pei)育產業帶。組(zu)建了(le)(le)(le)滎(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)鑫泰天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業合(he)作社(she)、滎(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)“相嶺”天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)合(he)作社(she)2個(ge)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業合(he)作社(she),推(tui)行“產、供、銷(xiao)”一體(ti)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)產業鏈(lian)。做(zuo)好了(le)(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基礎工作。自主研究密環菌(jun)、萌發菌(jun)和天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)交雜粉(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。建成了(le)(le)(le)粉(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)43畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、1個(ge)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產能(neng)力在(zai)(zai)(zai)60萬(wan)瓶以(yi)上(shang),可供種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)近1000畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)密環菌(jun)和萌發菌(jun)場(chang)(chang)。實(shi)施(shi)品(pin)牌戰略(lve)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)2010年(nian)(nian)申(shen)請并批準為國家地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)志農產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),2011年(nian)(nian)還(huan)申(shen)報注(zhu)冊“相嶺牌”、“滎(ying)(ying)(ying)山牌”天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)商標(biao),”努力打造特色農產品(pin)品(pin)牌。
地理標志
產地范圍
四川省(sheng)滎經縣新(xin)建(jian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新(xin)廟鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、泗(si)坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈士鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、滎河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民建(jian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、花灘鎮、安(an)靖(jing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈太鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、六合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新(xin)添鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、天(tian)風鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、寶峰鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大田壩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、龍蒼溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、煙竹(zhu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、青龍鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五憲(xian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、附城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、嚴道鎮等(deng)21個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮的所以(yi)行政村。地理坐(zuo)標為東經102°20′00″~102°56′00″,北緯29°29′00″~29°56′00″。