石(shi)棉(mian)黃果(guo)(guo)柑,是(shi)四川省(sheng)雅安市石(shi)棉(mian)縣的著名特產,該(gai)品呈(cheng)倒(dao)卵圓形,多平蒂(di),有溝(gou)紋(wen),果(guo)(guo)面橙黃,有光澤,油浸狀,果(guo)(guo)皮薄,易(yi)剝離,中(zhong)心柱空大,基本無核,肉質脆嫩化渣(zha),多汁,酸甜爽口,微具香氣。
石棉(mian)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)處四川省西(xi)南部,雅(ya)安(an)市最南端,東連(lian)漢源縣(xian)(xian)、甘洛縣(xian)(xian),南接(jie)越(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)、冕寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)依九龍縣(xian)(xian)、康定縣(xian)(xian)、北與瀘(lu)定縣(xian)(xian)毗鄰。距離省會成都365公(gong)里,距雅(ya)安(an)市城區210公(gong)里。石棉(mian)黃果(guo)柑(gan)是石棉(mian)地(di)(di)方(fang)特(te)(te)色(se)水果(guo),是柑(gan)桔(jie)(jie)中的(de)一個(ge)桔(jie)(jie)橙天然雜(za)交品種,同時具(ju)備桔(jie)(jie)和(he)橙的(de)特(te)(te)性(xing),該品種具(ju)有(you)晚熟、基本無核、早結豐產、抗逆性(xing)強等優良經濟性(xing)狀。
石棉黃果(guo)(guo)柑果(guo)(guo)實呈(cheng)倒(dao)卵圓形,單果(guo)(guo)重140-180g,多平蒂,有溝紋,果(guo)(guo)面橙黃,有光(guang)澤,油胞大而凸起,油浸狀,果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)薄,易剝離,中(zhong)心柱空大,基本無核,肉質脆(cui)嫩化渣,多汁,酸甜爽口,微具(ju)香氣,其可(ke)食率≥65%,可(ke)溶性固形物≥10.5%,總(zong)酸≤1.3 g/100ml,固酸比≥9。果(guo)(guo)實成熟(shu)晚,于翌年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)-3月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下旬(xun)成熟(shu),可(ke)掛樹貯藏至(zhi)4-5月(yue)(yue)采收,畝收益達15000-20000多元(yuan)。
石棉黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柑為天然桔(jie)橙雜交種,因其果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)外表色澤橙黃(huang),形態及生理特征(zheng)與桔(jie)相似,1956年四(si)川果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹調查組將其命名“黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柑”。據山海經(jing)記載(zai):“…其木多(duo)松柏、多(duo)竹…;多(duo)橘(ju)。”在(zai)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)、華南(nan)(nan)及長江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)一帶山地尚有(you)野生柑橘(ju)類的分布(bu),尤其是(shi)在(zai)金沙(sha)江(jiang)、大渡河上游河谷地帶有(you)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(甜橙)、碰柑、馬(ma)蜂柑等大片原始(shi)生態群落(luo)景觀。
據民(min)(min)間(jian)流傳,石(shi)棉黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)柑(gan)(gan)起源(yuan)于湖(hu)廣填四川,已有200多(duo)年(nian)(nian)歷史。調查表明早年(nian)(nian)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)柑(gan)(gan)在石(shi)棉縣(xian)挖角(jiao)鄉(xiang)下干池和新民(min)(min)鄉(xiang)大馬村均有種植(zhi),樹齡(ling)最(zui)長的(de)(de)(de)一株黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)柑(gan)(gan)約160年(nian)(nian)左右(2002年(nian)(nian)自然干枯死亡),現在縣(xian)內還存活著150年(nian)(nian)樹齡(ling)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)柑(gan)(gan)樹,生長結果(guo)(guo)良(liang)好(hao)。石(shi)棉黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)柑(gan)(gan)從1987年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始推廣,經過近20年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)發展,已初步(bu)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)了具有濃厚區(qu)域特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)水果(guo)(guo)產業,成(cheng)(cheng)為石(shi)棉縣(xian)農民(min)(min)增(zeng)收致富和建(jian)(jian)設(she)社會主義新農村的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)柱產業。
地域范圍
石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)黃果柑農產品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志保(bao)護范(fan)圍(wei)為四川省雅(ya)安(an)市石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內豐樂鄉(xiang)、宰羊鄉(xiang)、迎(ying)政鄉(xiang)、美羅(luo)鄉(xiang)、永(yong)和鄉(xiang)、新棉(mian)(mian)鎮、回隆鄉(xiang)、擦(ca)羅(luo)鄉(xiang)、安(an)順鄉(xiang)、先鋒鄉(xiang)、新民鄉(xiang)、挖角鄉(xiang)、田灣(wan)鄉(xiang)13個鄉(xiang)鎮44個村(cun),海拔1200米以(yi)下地(di)域,地(di)理坐標(biao)東(dong)(dong)經(jing)101°56′-102°34′,北緯28°51′-29°31′,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)東(dong)(dong)連漢源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘洛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),南(nan)接(jie)越西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、冕(mian)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),西(xi)依九龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、康定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、北與瀘定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)毗(pi)鄰。石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)黃果柑主產區東(dong)(dong)起豐樂鄉(xiang)田家河壩、西(xi)至先鋒鄉(xiang)金坪,南(nan)接(jie)擦(ca)羅(luo)鄉(xiang)福龍村(cun), 北起田灣(wan)鄉(xiang)幸福村(cun),保(bao)護面積2000公頃(qing),年產量6萬噸。