形態特征
南(nan)江杜仲,中藥材品種,四川省南(nan)江縣特產。南(nan)江杜仲是(shi)一種落葉(xie)喬木,高可(ke)達(da)20米,主(zhu)要以樹皮(pi)入藥。南(nan)江杜仲塊(kuai)大、皮(pi)厚、粗皮(pi)少(shao)、有效成(cheng)分含量高,獲得了市場的廣泛認可(ke)。
分布范圍
南江(jiang)杜仲主要分(fen)布在中(zhong)國四(si)川(chuan)省南江(jiang)縣。
主要價值
南(nan)江杜仲具有(you)抗衰老、調節(jie)血壓(ya)功能,還(huan)具有(you)降(jiang)(jiang)血脂、降(jiang)(jiang)血糖(tang)、潤腸(chang)通便、減肥、美容、增強免疫力、抗疲勞(lao)、補腎壯陽和(he)護肝醒酒(jiu)等作用。美國哈佛大學胡秀(xiu)英教授甚至認為(wei),“杜仲是(shi)目前世界上最高質量(liang)的無毒副(fu)作用的天然降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)藥物(wu)”。
種植歷史
南江(jiang)人民世(shi)代栽種杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)、使(shi)用(yong)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong),對杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)懷有(you)特(te)殊的(de)(de)感情(qing),并(bing)逐(zhu)漸掌握(wo)了杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)生長規律和藥用(yong)特(te)點。他(ta)們(men)在(zai)房(fang)前屋后大量種植杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong),不僅因為(wei)它(ta)可以綠化家(jia)園、美化環(huan)(huan)境,更因為(wei)它(ta)具有(you)藥用(yong)價值、可帶來經濟收益(yi)和社(she)會效益(yi)。他(ta)們(men)采用(yong)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)剝采收方式(shi),對杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)進行環(huan)(huan)狀剝皮(pi),做到剝皮(pi)而(er)不毀樹(shu),提高了單位面積產量,提高了資源可利用(yong)率。隨著統(tong)籌城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、連(lian)片扶貧(pin)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)整體推進,他(ta)們(men)依托光(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)“4A”級(ji)重點風景名(ming)勝區、米倉山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)森林(lin)公園等國(guo)字號(hao)旅游品牌,把建杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)基地和開(kai)發(fa)(fa)農村(cun)旅游結合(he)起來,大力(li)發(fa)(fa)展生態(tai)觀光(guang)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)園,走出(chu)了一(yi)條生態(tai)、環(huan)(huan)保的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)發(fa)(fa)展之(zhi)路。每年的(de)(de)“光(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)紅葉節”期間 ,人們(men)常圍坐在(zai)一(yi)起,做杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)湯、品杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)茶、吃杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)宴、唱《杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)謠》······純(chun)樸的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)民俗(su)(su),讓城(cheng)里(li)的(de)(de)客人贊不絕(jue)口。吸引了上(shang)萬游客來觀光(guang)。呈現了一(yi)幅具有(you)南江(jiang)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)民情(qing)風俗(su)(su)的(de)(de)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)美景畫(hua)。
產業發展
國務院、四川(chuan)省(sheng)、巴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)人民政(zheng)府相(xiang)繼出臺了(le)《關于扶持和促進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)專業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)若干(gan)意(yi)見(jian)》(國發(fa)〔2009〕22號(hao))、《四川(chuan)省(sheng)加快(kuai)(kuai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)實施意(yi)見(jian)》(川(chuan)辦(ban)發(fa)〔2008〕6號(hao))和《巴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)十二(er)五(wu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃》等(deng)政(zheng)策文(wen)件,為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)健康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提供(gong)了(le)強大動力和政(zheng)策支撐(cheng)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)人民政(zheng)府認真貫徹落實國家、省(sheng)市(shi)重大決(jue)策部署,充分利用南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)自然生態資源(yuan)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)歷史文(wen)化(hua),大力調整中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)植、生產(chan)和加工結構(gou),重點(dian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)杜(du)(du)仲、厚樸、淫羊藿等(deng)特(te)色優勢中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),加快(kuai)(kuai)構(gou)建具有(you)南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)地(di)域特(te)色的(de)(de)現代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye),取(qu)得了(le)顯著成效,引進了(le)全(quan)(quan)市(shi)唯一一家以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)植、收貯(zhu)、切(qie)片、包裝(zhuang)為主的(de)(de)重點(dian)龍頭(tou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)——四川(chuan)省(sheng)百草中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)公司(si)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)以“龍頭(tou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)+基地(di)+標準化(hua)+農(nong)戶(hu)”模式,種(zhong)(zhong)植杜(du)(du)仲10萬畝、600多萬株,2011年,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)杜(du)(du)仲干(gan)皮貯(zhu)量7100噸(dun),枝皮13860噸(dun),年產(chan)葉13980噸(dun),產(chan)籽2噸(dun)。“十二(er)五(wu)”期間,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)將建成2個杜(du)(du)仲現代(dai)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園區、 20萬畝標準化(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)植基地(di),杜(du)(du)仲產(chan)業(ye)(ye)將成為南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)農(nong)村(cun)經濟的(de)(de)重要支柱(zhu)。