一.產品介紹
紅(hong)安(an)種(zhong)(zhong)植花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)歷史悠久,清宣統元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1909年(nian)(nian))《黃安(an)鄉土志》商務篇六十(shi)九卷(juan)載(zai)“落(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)盛(sheng),亦有(you)洋種(zhong)(zhong)本地種(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)分,洋種(zhong)(zhong)顆大香遜,根蒂固易捆”。到清末民初(chu)“落(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)盛(sheng)一日(ri)”,紅(hong)安(an)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽培面(mian)由北(bei)向南(nan)擴展(zhan)并覆蓋(gai)全縣。 紅(hong)安(an)人(ren)視花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為吉祥喜慶(qing)的(de)象征,民間喜慶(qing)宴席必(bi)定少(shao)不(bu)了花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。訂(ding)婚男方送(song)“聘(pin)禮”贈(zeng)送(song)禮品的(de)籮筐內要放柏枝、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等(deng),結婚時女(nv)方的(de)嫁(jia)妝里也(ye)要放花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、百果之(zhi)類的(de),新房的(de)枕頭(tou)下、被褥里會提前藏(zang)好花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、紅(hong)棗(zao)。除夕夜(ye)守(shou)歲,紅(hong)安(an)人(ren)家(jia)家(jia)炒花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),大年(nian)(nian)初(chu)一必(bi)定要以花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)待(dai)客。1963年(nian)(nian)李先念回故鄉視察,鄉親們炒了一簸箕花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)款待(dai)他,李先念當時感慨紅(hong)安(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就是香。1958年(nian)(nian)毛主席在武昌接見紅(hong)安(an)種(zhong)(zhong)試驗田的(de)干部代表時曾連聲稱贊:“紅(hong)安(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)錯,紅(hong)安(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)錯!”
二(er).自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史(shi)因素(su)
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況: 均(jun)州(zhou)名(ming)曬煙地處漢江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中上(shang)游,位居南水北調中線工(gong)程核心(xin)水源區腹地,境(jing)內有(you)全(quan)國(guo)著名(ming)的“一(yi)(yi)山一(yi)(yi)水”即道教圣(sheng)地“武當山”和亞洲(zhou)最大人(ren)工(gong)淡水湖“丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口(kou)水庫”。南有(you)巴山雄(xiong)峙,北有(you)秦嶺余脈屏(ping)障,八百(bai)里武當居中,東連老(lao)河口(kou)市和河南省淅川縣,西(xi)接十堰市和鄖(yun)縣。地形呈心(xin)臟形,地勢(shi)西(xi)高東低,漢江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)西(xi)向(xiang)東貫穿,將全(quan)境(jing)陸(lu)地分割成“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南”、“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)北”兩個(ge)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)板塊,俗稱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)北。國(guo)土(tu)為“七山二水一(yi)(yi)分田(tian)”自(zi)然(ran)(ran)格局(ju)。產地山清水秀,景色(se)宜(yi)人(ren),平(ping)均(jun)海拔在350m;土(tu)壤(rang)以(yi)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)為主(zhu),夾有(you)紫色(se)土(tu)和石灰土(tu)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:均(jun)(jun)州名曬煙(yan)(yan)產區(qu)主(zhu)要(yao)分布在丹江(jiang)口(kou)庫區(qu)沿岸間(jian)的山地(di)(di)丘陵、低山河谷環(huan)境。產地(di)(di)南北物種交匯(hui),環(huan)境優越,植被覆蓋率達64.5%。產地(di)(di)平均(jun)(jun)海拔(ba)400m,背山面水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐富,境內的丹江(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫是亞洲最大的人工(gong)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu),是舉世矚目的南水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調(diao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)線工(gong)程調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)頭,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)約有275.46億立方米,絕(jue)大部分由漢、丹二江(jiang)帶來(lai),加(jia)上(shang)本地(di)(di)地(di)(di)表徑(jing)流資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),河川徑(jing)流資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)為285.12億立方米。產地(di)(di)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好,礦(kuang)化度低,ph、總硬度適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)離子含(han)量一(yi)般都在正常范圍內,主(zhu)要(yao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系河床落(luo)差大、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能蘊藏量累計5.5萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達國(guo)家Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)以(yi)上(shang)標準。豐富的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)為均(jun)(jun)州名曬煙(yan)(yan)“色澤黃亮、葉片較(jiao)大、厚(hou)薄(bo)適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”的外(wai)觀特征形成(cheng),提供了得(de)天獨厚(hou)的自然條件。
3、氣(qi)侯特(te)點:均州名曬煙(yan)產地(di)處(chu)于南北氣(qi)候(hou)過(guo)渡帶(dai),屬亞熱帶(dai)半濕(shi)潤(run)季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu),由于秦嶺(ling)山脈的(de)(de)屏障作(zuo)用(yong),加(jia)之丹江口(kou)水庫的(de)(de)“湖(hu)泊熱效應(ying)”及垂直地(di)貌影響,構成了優越(yue)的(de)(de)“四季分(fen)明、光照充足(zu)、熱量豐富、雨(yu)熱同季,無霜期長,相對(dui)濕(shi)度大(da)”的(de)(de)山地(di)氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點。種植區(qu)氣(qi)候(hou)溫和,夏無酷署(shu),冬無嚴寒,光照充足(zu),雨(yu)水充沛,氣(qi)溫年較(jiao)(jiao)差小,日較(jiao)(jiao)差大(da),光合(he)效率高(gao),葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)的(de)(de)光合(he)能力較(jiao)(jiao)強,十分(fen)有利煙(yan)葉(xie)(xie)光合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)高(gao)積(ji)累,形成“香氣(qi)充足(zu)”的(de)(de)優質(zhi)曬煙(yan)風(feng)格特(te)征。
三.地域范圍
均(jun)州(zhou)名曬煙(yan)產地范圍(wei)為(wei)湖北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)丹江口市所轄的均(jun)縣(xian)鎮、習家店鎮、蒿(hao)坪鎮、石(shi)鼓鎮等4個(ge)鎮、計46個(ge)行(xing)政村(cun)。其地理位(wei)置位(wei)于東經110°08'—111°34'、北(bei)(bei)緯32°14'—32°58'之間(jian)。均(jun)州(zhou)名曬煙(yan)種植面積733公頃(qing),年(nian)產量1000噸,產值(zhi)0.18億元。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外觀(guan)感官特征:生煙(yan)外觀(guan):莖葉(xie)角度較(jiao)小,著葉(xie)28~34片,葉(xie)片較(jiao)窄而厚(hou),筋(jin)脈細,呈闊橢圓形;葉(xie)柄生毛(mao),露浸不拖頭;易(yi)退(tui)青變黃,水分(fen)含(han)量少;顏色深黃,色度飽(bao)滿,油分(fen)充(chong)足,組(zu)織細致,厚(hou)薄(bo)適(shi)中,成(cheng)熟度好,填充(chong)力強,彈性(xing)(xing)好,香味充(chong)足。成(cheng)品煙(yan)葉(xie):香氣濃郁,手揉(rou)葉(xie)呈麩片狀,燃燒性(xing)(xing)好,燃燒后灰 呈潔白;吸味飽(bao)滿,勁(jing)頭足,刺激性(xing)(xing)小;含(han)糖量適(shi)中,化(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen)協調(diao);煙(yan)氣柔和(he)、細膩,余味舒適(shi)純凈,濃勁(jing)比協調(diao),配伍(wu)性(xing)(xing)好,工業可用(yong)性(xing)(xing)強。
2、內在品質指標:煙(yan)葉安全性高(gao),無殘(can)毒(du),無農(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留;煙(yan)葉中“高(gao)糖、適(shi)煙(yan)堿、富鉀、蛋(dan)白(bai)質”是形成(cheng)均(jun)州名(ming)曬煙(yan)的重要化學物質基礎(chu)。蛋(dan)白(bai)質6%~8%,總糖12%~16%,總氮2.2%~2.8%,煙(yan)堿3%~3.8%,鉀1.2%~1.7%,氯0.6%~1.2%。
3、安全要求:產地環(huan)境要求執(zhi)行(xing)NY/T852煙草產地環(huan)境技術條(tiao)件(jian);農(nong)藥(yao)使用符合《煙草農(nong)藥(yao)使用推(tui)薦意見》(中國煙葉公司發布);質量要求按DB42/T225—2002《均縣名曬煙》標準執(zhi)行(xing)。