一.產品介紹
紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)種(zhong)植花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)歷史悠久(jiu),清宣統元年(nian)(1909年(nian))《黃安(an)(an)(an)鄉(xiang)土志(zhi)》商務篇六十九卷載“落花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)盛(sheng),亦(yi)有洋種(zhong)本地種(zhong)之(zhi)分,洋種(zhong)顆大香遜(xun),根(gen)蒂固易捆”。到清末民(min)初“落花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)盛(sheng)一(yi)日(ri)”,紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽培面(mian)由北向(xiang)南擴展并覆蓋全縣。 紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)人視花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為吉(ji)祥喜慶的(de)象征,民(min)間喜慶宴席必(bi)定少不(bu)了(le)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。訂婚男方(fang)送“聘(pin)禮(li)”贈送禮(li)品的(de)籮筐內(nei)要放柏枝、花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等,結(jie)婚時(shi)女方(fang)的(de)嫁妝里也要放花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、百果之(zhi)類的(de),新房的(de)枕頭(tou)下(xia)、被褥里會提前(qian)藏好花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、紅(hong)(hong)棗(zao)。除(chu)夕夜守歲(sui),紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)人家(jia)家(jia)炒花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),大年(nian)初一(yi)必(bi)定要以花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)待(dai)客。1963年(nian)李先(xian)念(nian)回故鄉(xiang)視察(cha),鄉(xiang)親們炒了(le)一(yi)簸箕花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)款(kuan)待(dai)他,李先(xian)念(nian)當時(shi)感慨紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)是香。1958年(nian)毛主席在武昌接(jie)見(jian)紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)種(zhong)試(shi)驗田的(de)干(gan)部代表(biao)時(shi)曾(ceng)連聲(sheng)稱贊:“紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)錯,紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)錯!”
二.自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)壤地(di)貌情況(kuang): 均(jun)州名曬煙(yan)地(di)處漢江(jiang)中(zhong)上游,位居南水(shui)北(bei)調中(zhong)線(xian)工(gong)程核心水(shui)源區腹(fu)地(di),境(jing)內有(you)全國著(zhu)名的“一(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)水(shui)”即道教(jiao)圣地(di)“武當山(shan)(shan)(shan)”和亞洲最大人(ren)工(gong)淡水(shui)湖(hu)“丹江(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)庫”。南有(you)巴山(shan)(shan)(shan)雄峙(zhi),北(bei)有(you)秦嶺余脈屏障,八百(bai)里武當居中(zhong),東連老河(he)口(kou)市和河(he)南省淅(xi)川縣,西(xi)接十堰市和鄖縣。地(di)形呈心臟(zang)形,地(di)勢西(xi)高東低,漢江(jiang)自(zi)西(xi)向(xiang)東貫穿,將全境(jing)陸地(di)分割成“江(jiang)南”、“江(jiang)北(bei)”兩個自(zi)然(ran)板塊,俗稱江(jiang)南江(jiang)北(bei)。國土(tu)為(wei)“七山(shan)(shan)(shan)二水(shui)一(yi)分田”自(zi)然(ran)格(ge)局。產地(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)清水(shui)秀(xiu),景色(se)宜人(ren),平均(jun)海拔在(zai)350m;土(tu)壤以黃棕壤為(wei)主,夾有(you)紫色(se)土(tu)和石(shi)灰土(tu)。
2、水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:均(jun)州名曬(shai)煙產(chan)區主(zhu)要(yao)分布在(zai)丹(dan)江口(kou)(kou)庫區沿(yan)岸(an)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)地(di)(di)丘陵、低山(shan)河谷環(huan)境(jing)。產(chan)地(di)(di)南(nan)北物種交匯,環(huan)境(jing)優越,植(zhi)被覆蓋率達(da)64.5%。產(chan)地(di)(di)平均(jun)海拔400m,背山(shan)面水(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu),境(jing)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)丹(dan)江口(kou)(kou)水(shui)(shui)庫是(shi)亞洲(zhou)最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)工淡水(shui)(shui)湖,是(shi)舉世矚目的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)水(shui)(shui)北調(diao)(diao)中(zhong)線工程調(diao)(diao)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)頭(tou),水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)約有275.46億立(li)方米(mi),絕大部分由漢、丹(dan)二江帶來,加上本地(di)(di)地(di)(di)表徑流(liu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),河川徑流(liu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)285.12億立(li)方米(mi)。產(chan)地(di)(di)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)質良(liang)好,礦化度(du)低,ph、總硬度(du)適(shi)中(zhong),水(shui)(shui)體(ti)中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)離(li)子(zi)含量一般都在(zai)正常范(fan)圍內(nei),主(zhu)要(yao)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)河床落差大、水(shui)(shui)能(neng)蘊藏量累計(ji)5.5萬千瓦,水(shui)(shui)質達(da)國家(jia)Ⅱ類(lei)水(shui)(shui)質以上標準。豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)均(jun)州名曬(shai)煙“色(se)澤黃亮、葉片較大、厚(hou)薄適(shi)中(zhong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)觀特征形(xing)成,提供了得(de)天獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)條(tiao)件。
3、氣(qi)侯特點:均州名曬煙(yan)產地處(chu)于南(nan)北氣(qi)候過渡帶(dai),屬(shu)亞熱(re)帶(dai)半濕潤(run)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候區,由(you)于秦嶺山脈的屏障作用,加(jia)之丹江口水庫的“湖(hu)泊熱(re)效應”及垂直地貌影響,構成(cheng)了優(you)(you)越的“四季(ji)分(fen)明、光(guang)照充(chong)足(zu)、熱(re)量豐富(fu)、雨(yu)熱(re)同季(ji),無霜期長,相對濕度大”的山地氣(qi)候特點。種植區氣(qi)候溫和,夏無酷署,冬無嚴寒,光(guang)照充(chong)足(zu),雨(yu)水充(chong)沛,氣(qi)溫年(nian)較(jiao)差小,日較(jiao)差大,光(guang)合(he)效率高,葉(xie)(xie)片的光(guang)合(he)能力較(jiao)強,十分(fen)有利煙(yan)葉(xie)(xie)光(guang)合(he)作用的高積(ji)累,形(xing)成(cheng)“香氣(qi)充(chong)足(zu)”的優(you)(you)質曬煙(yan)風(feng)(feng)格特征。
三.地域范圍
均州名曬煙產(chan)地(di)范(fan)圍為湖北省丹江口市所轄的均縣鎮(zhen)、習家店鎮(zhen)、蒿坪鎮(zhen)、石鼓鎮(zhen)等4個鎮(zhen)、計46個行政村。其地(di)理位(wei)置位(wei)于(yu)東經110°08'—111°34'、北緯(wei)32°14'—32°58'之間。均州名曬煙種植面積733公(gong)頃,年產(chan)量1000噸(dun),產(chan)值0.18億元。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外觀感官(guan)特征:生煙外觀:莖葉(xie)(xie)角(jiao)度較小(xiao),著葉(xie)(xie)28~34片(pian),葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)較窄(zhai)而(er)厚,筋脈細(xi),呈(cheng)(cheng)闊橢(tuo)圓形;葉(xie)(xie)柄生毛,露浸不拖頭;易退(tui)青變(bian)黃,水分(fen)含(han)量少;顏色(se)深黃,色(se)度飽(bao)滿,油分(fen)充(chong)足,組(zu)織細(xi)致(zhi),厚薄(bo)適中,成熟度好(hao),填(tian)充(chong)力強,彈性(xing)好(hao),香(xiang)味(wei)充(chong)足。成品煙葉(xie)(xie):香(xiang)氣濃郁(yu),手揉葉(xie)(xie)呈(cheng)(cheng)麩片(pian)狀(zhuang),燃燒性(xing)好(hao),燃燒后灰 呈(cheng)(cheng)潔白(bai);吸味(wei)飽(bao)滿,勁頭足,刺激性(xing)小(xiao);含(han)糖(tang)量適中,化學成分(fen)協調(diao)(diao);煙氣柔和、細(xi)膩,余味(wei)舒適純凈,濃勁比協調(diao)(diao),配伍(wu)性(xing)好(hao),工業可用(yong)性(xing)強。
2、內在(zai)品質指標(biao):煙葉安全性高,無殘毒,無農(nong)藥殘留(liu);煙葉中“高糖、適煙堿(jian)、富(fu)鉀、蛋白(bai)質”是形成均州(zhou)名曬煙的重要化學(xue)物(wu)質基礎(chu)。蛋白(bai)質6%~8%,總糖12%~16%,總氮2.2%~2.8%,煙堿(jian)3%~3.8%,鉀1.2%~1.7%,氯(lv)0.6%~1.2%。
3、安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求:產(chan)地(di)環境要(yao)求執(zhi)行NY/T852煙(yan)(yan)草產(chan)地(di)環境技(ji)術條件;農(nong)(nong)藥使用符合《煙(yan)(yan)草農(nong)(nong)藥使用推薦意見》(中國(guo)煙(yan)(yan)葉公司發布);質量要(yao)求按DB42/T225—2002《均縣(xian)名曬煙(yan)(yan)》標準(zhun)執(zhi)行。