一.產品介紹
廣(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫眉驢(lv)的(de)來源(yuan),無歷史(shi)記載(zai),傳說不一,據縣志(見附件)記載(zai),早在(zai)200年以前,驢(lv)就列為廣(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣大牲畜之一,因當時(shi)靈(ling)(ling)丘、陽原(yuan)來廣(guang)靈(ling)(ling)買驢(lv)的(de)販子較多(duo),到民國后期,主(zhu)要分布在(zai)廣(guang)靈(ling)(ling)、靈(ling)(ling)丘、陽原(yuan)三縣周圍。我縣的(de)產驢(lv)區中心以加(jia)斗、蕉山、王洼、南村、城關公社密度較大,戶(hu)均(jun)5頭。 廣(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫眉驢(lv)的(de)傳說及故事:
1、據云南到廣靈(ling)(ling)做買(mai)賣的生意人傳說,廣靈(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)真是厲害,被云南某驢(lv)(lv)場(chang)購(gou)進后(hou),在一次山區放牧(mu)中(zhong),遇見一只老(lao)虎,放牧(mu)人危恐老(lao)虎撲向驢(lv)(lv)群,這時驢(lv)(lv)群中(zhong)的公種驢(lv)(lv)跑到最前面,放聲宏亮的叫了起來,把老(lao)虎給嚇跑了。
2、據(ju)從(cong)(cong)1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi)一(yi)直干獸醫、站長、副局(ju)長、局(ju)長崗位(wei)29年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)史寶洲介紹(shao)說,他小(xiao)時候聽民間講(jiang)述,驢(lv)(lv)(lv)從(cong)(cong)什么時間開(kai)始(shi)叫(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)“畫眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)”的(de)(de)(de)。早在300年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前,因(yin)它的(de)(de)(de)內耳(er)、眼圈、嘴頭、前胸(xiong)、肚底長為(wei)(wei)白色,被毛(mao)為(wei)(wei)黑色,形如美(mei)麗的(de)(de)(de)畫眉(mei)(mei)(mei)鳥(niao),所以人(ren)民群眾從(cong)(cong)那(nei)時開(kai)始(shi)就(jiu)叫(jiao)(jiao)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)“畫眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)”。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)歷史文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)、著作(zuo)等(deng)(deng)有關資料:從(cong)(cong)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi),山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)獸醫科研所與省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)學(xue)院協作(zuo),對全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)禽(qin)進行了(le)(le)全(quan)面(mian)調查,1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編(bian)寫的(de)(de)(de)《山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)家畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)家禽(qin)良種圖譜(pu)》一(yi)書中(zhong)就(jiu)有廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)劉開(kai)基副省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長在省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工作(zuo)會(hui)(hui)議總結報告中(zhong)就(jiu)講(jiang)到廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)、聞喜為(wei)(wei)優(you)(you)種驢(lv)(lv)(lv)繁(fan)(fan)殖基地(di)縣(xian)(會(hui)(hui)后(hou)正式由山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)下發文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)),確定(ding)西(xi)(xi)加斗、王洼莊、南岳莊、西(xi)(xi)宜興、將(jiang)官莊、張家洼等(deng)(deng)51個(ge)村,為(wei)(wei)繁(fan)(fan)殖基地(di)村。對于培育畫眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)工作(zuo),從(cong)(cong)1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起,先后(hou)聘請山(shan)西(xi)(xi)農(nong)(nong)學(xue)院養馬(驢(lv)(lv)(lv))專家朱(zhu)先煌、許(xu)金友,省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)校校長于大(da)甲(jia)等(deng)(deng)教授和(he)(he)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)禽(qin)品種編(bian)委(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)志(zhi)鑒(jian)定(ding)。1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月由山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)學(xue)院畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)獸醫系和(he)(he)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)局(ju)共(gong)同(tong)編(bian)寫了(le)(le)資料匯編(bian)《山(shan)西(xi)(xi)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)》(見附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)),1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月1日(ri),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)育種技術經驗交流(liu)會(hui)(hui)從(cong)(cong)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)夏縣(xian)轉到廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)繼續開(kai)會(hui)(hui),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)馬匹畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)種委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)6個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)獸醫研究所和(he)(he)本省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)5個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直單位(wei)、院校、12個(ge)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)代表共(gong)75人(ren)(見附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)),對廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)長期的(de)(de)(de)培育和(he)(he)精心飼養給予高度評(ping)價(jia)。并于1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月通過了(le)(le)技術鑒(jian)定(ding)(見附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)(jian))。將(jiang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)四大(da)優(you)(you)種驢(lv)(lv)(lv)之一(yi)。對其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)頭高1.6米的(de)(de)(de)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv),認定(ding)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)之最,世界亦屬罕見,當(dang)時參會(hui)(hui)人(ren)員(yuan)就(jiu)叫(jiao)(jiao)這頭驢(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)王(見圖片)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)載(zai)入全(quan)國(guo)(guo)《馬驢(lv)(lv)(lv)品種志(zhi)》一(yi)書(見附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)(jian))。截止1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)政府(fu)共(gong)舉(ju)辦了(le)(le)三(san)屆畫眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)評(ping)賽大(da)會(hui)(hui)(見附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)(jian))。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)優(you)(you)種驢(lv)(lv)(lv)場(chang)于1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月被列入山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)國(guo)(guo)營種畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)場(chang)名單內(見附(fu)(fu)件(jian)(jian)(jian))。
據縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)畜(chu)牧獸醫局統計,從(cong)六十年(nian)代(dai)初(chu)到(dao)現在,全國(guo)(guo)共有(you)24個(ge)省、市(shi)自(zi)治區(qu)和本省38個(ge)市(shi)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、區(qu)累計從(cong)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)調出(chu)優種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)驢(lv)3560多頭。據本縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蕉山(shan)鄉東(dong)崖頭村(cun)尉金(jin)講(jiang)述:“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)于(yu)1959年(nian)向越南民(min)(min)主共和國(guo)(guo)出(chu)口種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)驢(lv)3頭,種(zhong)(zhong)母驢(lv)7頭,組織上(shang)選派他和另(ling)外(wai)(wai)兩人(ren)(ren)與雁北地區(qu)畜(chu)牧局的(de)3位同志(zhi)一(yi)起用(yong)汽車、火車護送(song)到(dao)越南國(guo)(guo)境內(nei)”。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)這一(yi)優良驢(lv)種(zhong)(zhong)以其特有(you)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)、役用(yong)、肉用(yong)價值,驢(lv)皮是阿膠藥(yao)物的(de)主要原(yuan)料,有(you)較高(gao)的(de)藥(yao)用(yong)價值,因此廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)馳名中外(wai)(wai),譽滿全國(guo)(guo)。2007年(nian)2月(yue)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)農業(ye)部第(di)662號公(gong)(gong)告(gao)確定(ding)(ding)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)畜(chu)禽遺(yi)傳資源保(bao)護品種(zhong)(zhong),2009年(nian)8月(yue)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府召開了(le)“首屆中國(guo)(guo)﹒廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)文化節”(見圖(tu)片)。2009年(nian)11月(yue)我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)第(di)一(yi)批獲(huo)得國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)驢(lv)保(bao)護區(qu)范圍。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)優種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)場獲(huo)得廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)驢(lv)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)場。2010年(nian)12月(yue)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)養殖(zhi)協(xie)會,已將廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)報送(song)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)商標局注冊(見附件)。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是傳統的(de)農業(ye)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),隨著(zhu)農業(ye)產業(ye)結構的(de)進(jin)一(yi)步調整,傳統的(de)谷(gu)子(zi)和豆類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)逐(zhu)年(nian)擴大(da),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)谷(gu)子(zi)的(de)面積(ji)從(cong)二OO一(yi)年(nian)的(de)3.5萬畝(mu),上(shang)升到(dao)10萬畝(mu),豆類(lei)面積(ji)也上(shang)升到(dao)4.5萬畝(mu)。再加上(shang)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)32萬畝(mu)的(de)玉米秸桿,還有(you)天然草場,人(ren)(ren)工種(zhong)(zhong)草也逐(zhu)年(nian)擴大(da),飼(si)草、飼(si)料為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)的(de)穩定(ding)(ding)發展具備了(le)雄厚的(de)物質基(ji)礎。更是開辟了(le)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)致富的(de)道(dao)路,對于(yu)實施農業(ye)增效,農民(min)(min)增收,農村(cun)穩定(ding)(ding),繁榮(rong)市(shi)場,改善食物結構豐富菜籃(lan)子(zi),提高(gao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)生活水(shui)平奠定(ding)(ding)了(le)良好(hao)的(de)基(ji)礎,產品將銷(xiao)往大(da)同、太原(yuan)、北京(jing)、天津(jin)、河北等大(da)中型城市(shi),逐(zhu)步遠銷(xiao)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)大(da)市(shi)場。
二.自然(ran)生態(tai)環境和(he)人文歷史(shi)因素(su)
廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于(yu)(yu)山(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)邊陲(chui),北(bei)依(yi)陽高(gao)(gao)(gao)、天(tian)(tian)鎮(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),西傍北(bei)岳(yue)恒山(shan)東(dong)(dong)襟(jin),南與(yu)靈(ling)邱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)鄰,東(dong)(dong)接朔蔚(yu)(yu)公路(lu)和(he)(he)河(he)(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)的蔚(yu)(yu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤,是(shi)山(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)距(ju)離北(bei)京市最近的縣(xian)(xian)(xian)區(qu)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總(zong)面積1283平(ping)方(fang)公里,地(di)貌半山(shan)半川(chuan)(chuan),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域西、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)多為(wei)(wei)山(shan)區(qu),西高(gao)(gao)(gao)東(dong)(dong)低(di),北(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)南低(di),形如四塊盆地(di),自然地(di)形可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)地(di)、丘陵、平(ping)原(yuan)三(san)部(bu)(bu)分(fen),各占(zhan)三(san)分(fen)之一左右。壺流河(he)(he)慣穿東(dong)(dong)西,水(shui)(shui)(shui)源充(chong)沛,交通方(fang)便,土(tu)地(di)肥沃。1.土(tu)壤地(di)貌情(qing)況:廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)生長(chang)在(zai)地(di)處雁北(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)寒地(di)區(qu)的廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),土(tu)壤類型以礫石、沙土(tu)、壤土(tu)、粘土(tu)為(wei)(wei)主,土(tu)壤PH值7.2—7.8之間。有機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)32.4mg/kg,堿(jian)解(jie)氮210.2mg/kg,有效(xiao)磷126.2mg/kg,速效(xiao)鉀568mg/kg,這種(zhong)土(tu)質(zhi)有機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)養分(fen)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao),加之縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域內沒有工業污染,為(wei)(wei)優(you)(you)質(zhi)谷(gu)(gu)子、豆類、葫(hu)麻(ma)等小雜糧(liang)最佳生產區(qu)域。這幾種(zhong)植物(wu)正(zheng)是(shi)畫眉驢(lv)整個(ge)(ge)生長(chang)期(qi)不可缺(que)少(shao)的優(you)(you)質(zhi)飼料和(he)(he)飼草。2.水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域內壺流河(he)(he)、枕(zhen)(zhen)頭(tou)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、下河(he)(he)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、水(shui)(shui)(shui)神堂交匯于(yu)(yu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城東(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城南,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源極為(wei)(wei)豐(feng)富。主要澆灌宜(yi)興(xing)、加斗(dou)、蕉山(shan)和(he)(he)壺泉四個(ge)(ge)大鄉鎮(zhen)74個(ge)(ge)大村,枕(zhen)(zhen)頭(tou)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,下河(he)(he)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)神堂水(shui)(shui)(shui)體質(zhi)量達到(dao)國家一級(ji)飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準,富含多種(zhong)礦物(wu)質(zhi)。山(shan)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)秀、碧水(shui)(shui)(shui)藍天(tian)(tian),空氣質(zhi)量達到(dao)國家一級(ji)標準,很(hen)適宜(yi)谷(gu)(gu)子、豆類、葫(hu)麻(ma)產品生長(chang),為(wei)(wei)飼養廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)提(ti)(ti)供了獨一無(wu)二(er)的優(you)(you)質(zhi)草料。3.氣候情(qing)況:該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬高(gao)(gao)(gao)寒地(di)帶,春季(ji)(ji)少(shao)雨多風(feng),夏季(ji)(ji)炎熱,最高(gao)(gao)(gao)氣溫達到(dao)34℃,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)集(ji)中在(zai)公歷6—9月間,秋季(ji)(ji)多是(shi)晴朗涼(liang)爽天(tian)(tian)氣,冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷干燥,四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明,無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)差異(yi)較(jiao)大,中部(bu)(bu)、東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)、東(dong)(dong)南部(bu)(bu)的平(ping)川(chuan)(chuan)為(wei)(wei)160天(tian)(tian)左右,西部(bu)(bu)山(shan)區(qu)為(wei)(wei)130天(tian)(tian)左右。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫9度,全(quan)(quan)年日照時數在(zai)2800—3100小時之間,年平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)415mm,與(yu)谷(gu)(gu)子、豆類、葫(hu)麻(ma)等小雜糧(liang)最佳生長(chang)期(qi)吻合,為(wei)(wei)飼養廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)提(ti)(ti)供了優(you)(you)越的氣候優(you)(you)勢。
三.地域范圍
廣靈畫(hua)眉驢農產品地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)保護區域為:廣靈縣所轄(xia)2鎮(zhen)7個鄉(xiang),即(ji):南村鎮(zhen)、壺(hu)泉鎮(zhen)、加斗(dou)鄉(xiang)、作疃鄉(xiang)、宜興鄉(xiang)、蕉(jiao)山鄉(xiang)、斗(dou)泉鄉(xiang)、梁莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)、望狐(hu)鄉(xiang)的180個行(xing)政村(北(bei)至(zhi)劉家(jia)溝村,西至(zhi)東福窯村,南至(zhi)聶(nie)家(jia)溝村,東至(zhi)下恩莊(zhuang)村),養(yang)殖面積128300公頃,年出(chu)欄(lan)4300多(duo)頭,出(chu)欄(lan)率占45%,年存欄(lan)9600多(duo)頭。地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)北(bei)緯(wei)39°51′—39°55′,東徑(jing)113°51′—114°24′之間(jian),全境地(di)勢西北(bei)高,東南低,從(cong)西北(bei)向東南逐(zhu)漸傾斜,海拔最(zui)高2375米,最(zui)低930米。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征
1.外(wai)(wai)在感(gan)官特征(zheng):廣(guang)靈畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)的外(wai)(wai)形(xing)特征(zheng)是:體格高大(da),結構勻稱,肌肉豐滿,鼻梁平直,眼(yan)(yan)大(da)微突,兩耳(er)豎(shu)立而靈活,背部寬(kuan)廣(guang)平直,腹部充(chong)實(shi),四(si)肢粗壯,蹄質堅(jian)硬,尾粗長(chang)。因內耳(er)、眼(yan)(yan)圈、嘴頭、前胸、肚底(di)為白(bai)色(se),被毛為黑色(se),形(xing)如(ru)美麗(li)的畫(hua)眉(mei)鳥(niao),所以叫(jiao)“畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)”。
2.內在品(pin)質(zhi):廣(guang)靈畫眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)肉(rou)營養(yang)豐富,是一種(zhong)低脂肪、高蛋白質(zhi)的(de)食(shi)物。高等級的(de)驢(lv)(lv)胴(dong)體(ti),在屠宰車間(jian)吊起時,整個體(ti)軀顯得(de)豐滿,兩后腿(tui)之間(jian)呈(cheng)“U”字(zi)形,胴(dong)體(ti)肌肉(rou)發育良(liang)好,肌肉(rou)纖維間(jian)的(de)脂肪沉積較多,呈(cheng)大(da)理石狀。與牛(niu)肉(rou)、羊(yang)肉(rou)、豬肉(rou)相(xiang)比(bi),有著(zhu)(zhu)瘦(shou)肉(rou)多、脂肪少(shao)的(de)特點(dian),加之該畫眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)肉(rou)有著(zhu)(zhu)特殊的(de)生物學和食(shi)品(pin)價值(zhi),因而深受消費(fei)者的(de)歡迎(ying)。它的(de)內含成(cheng)分(fen)為:水分(fen)65.0-75.0 g/100g;灰分(fen)≤1.5 g/100g;蛋白質(zhi)≥18g/100g;脂肪3.0-12.0g/100g;熱量(liang)≥485KJ/100g;鉀(jia)≥300mg/100g;鈉(na)≤ 46.0mg/100g;鈣≥2.0mg/100g;鐵≥3.0mg/100g;鋅≥2.0mg/100g;磷≥170mg/100g;不飽和脂肪酸(suan)(suan)≥4.0%,其中油酸(suan)(suan)≥3.0%,亞油酸(suan)(suan)≥1.0%,亞麻酸(suan)(suan)≥0.2%;天(tian)門冬氨酸(suan)(suan)≥1.5g/100g;谷氨酸(suan)(suan)≥2.5g/100g。
3.安(an)(an)(an)全要(yao)求(qiu):廣靈(ling)畫眉驢所(suo)飼(si)喂的(de)草(cao)料,飲用(yong)水,要(yao)求(qiu)無毒(du)無污染,看病、防疫、打(da)針、灌(guan)藥(yao)的(de)獸醫(yi)要(yao)有(you)資質(zhi)證明(ming),嚴禁(jin)(jin)雇用(yong)無任何(he)證照的(de)獸醫(yi)行醫(yi)。在(zai)屠(tu)宰前15天,嚴禁(jin)(jin)打(da)針、灌(guan)藥(yao)和(he)(he)飼(si)喂不安(an)(an)(an)全的(de)草(cao)料和(he)(he)飲用(yong)水。所(suo)屠(tu)宰的(de)生(sheng)驢肉產(chan)品(pin)(pin)必(bi)須符(fu)(fu)合中華人民(min)共和(he)(he)國肉食類規(gui)定(ding)的(de)標(biao)準安(an)(an)(an)全指標(biao),在(zai)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、標(biao)識上需符(fu)(fu)合農業部《農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)(he)標(biao)識管理辦法》,進入市場(chang)的(de)必(bi)須遵(zun)守(shou)《農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)全法》及其它法律法規(gui)的(de)有(you)關規(gui)定(ding)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料應符(fu)(fu)合GB11680和(he)(he)GB89687的(de)規(gui)定(ding),包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)使用(yong)無毒(du)油墨印刷,銷售(shou)和(he)(he)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)應標(biao)注“廣靈(ling)畫眉驢”標(biao)志,并標(biao)明(ming)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱(cheng)、數量、產(chan)地、包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日期、生(sheng)產(chan)單位、保質(zhi)期、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量、執行標(biao)準代號等級等內容。
五.特定生產方式
1.產地(di)選擇與特(te)殊內(nei)容規定:產地(di)要求:全縣所有飼(si)養畫眉驢的(de)公司、場(chang)、合作(zuo)社和小區(qu)場(chang)所的(de)基地(di)選擇,應遠離(li)城區(qu)、工業(ye)污染區(qu)和生活垃(la)圾場(chang)的(de)地(di)方,所飼(si)養的(de)畫眉驢90%以上海拔在1200—1800米(mi)之間(jian)。環境質量:要選擇空氣清新(xin)、水質純凈(jing),具有良好生態環境的(de)地(di)區(qu)。
2.品種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)特(te)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)求:幼駒選(xuan)(xuan)擇主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)眼圈、嘴頭、內(nei)耳、前胸、肚(du)底均為(wei)(wei)(wei)白色(se)(se)(se),被毛(mao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑色(se)(se)(se),齒齊、口方、軀干長(chang)的(de)留為(wei)(wei)(wei)種(zhong)用,橫雜(za)毛(mao)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用。特(te)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)求:三春公種(zhong)驢(lv)體高(gao)1.30米以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)種(zhong)用,1.30米以(yi)下(xia)基(ji)本上(shang)(shang)(shang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用,母(mu)驢(lv)體高(gao)1.2米以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)留作(zuo)種(zhong)用繁殖,1.2米以(yi)下(xia)及(ji)橫雜(za)毛(mao)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用。
3.生(sheng)長(chang)過程(cheng)管理:從配種、胚胎到幼駒,生(sheng)長(chang)為成驢(三(san)春(chun)),完成它的生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育期(qi),按照生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育的優劣(lie),留(liu)為種用或肉用規(gui)律,一般分為6個時期(qi)。
(1)胚胎(tai)期:母驢(lv)懷胎(tai)360多天才能產(chan)駒,要加強護理(li),增(zeng)加營(ying)養(yang)。養(yang)好(hao)(hao)妊(ren)娠母驢(lv),保證胎(tai)兒(er)正(zheng)常(chang)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)。由于(yu)先天發(fa)育(yu)(yu)的良好(hao)(hao),才能為生后發(fa)育(yu)(yu)奠定基礎(chu),胎(tai)兒(er)的營(ying)養(yang)由母體獲得。因此,必須(xu)加強妊(ren)娠母驢(lv)的飼養(yang),特別是妊(ren)娠最(zui)后2—3個月。所以(yi)養(yang)好(hao)(hao)妊(ren)娠母驢(lv)對胎(tai)兒(er)及(ji)生后的良好(hao)(hao)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)都有著(zhu)雙重的意義。
(2)幼(you)駒期:幼(you)駒出生后(hou)在兩小時(shi)內應盡早(zao)吃好初乳,產(chan)后(hou)3天(tian)以內的(de)(de)初乳營(ying)養豐富(fu)(fu),含有抗體(ti)和較多無機(ji)鹽類,可增(zeng)強(qiang)驢駒的(de)(de)免(mian)疫(yi)力和胎糞的(de)(de)排出。在吃飽營(ying)養豐富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)母(mu)乳的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上,從(cong)1-2月(yue)齡時(shi)開始喂精(jing)料,每天(tian)150—200克,兩個(ge)月(yue)后(hou)逐步增(zeng)加到(dao)0.5千克,斷(duan)奶時(shi)達到(dao)0.75—1千克,1—6月(yue)齡以內,幼(you)駒的(de)(de)生長(chang)強(qiang)度,體(ti)長(chang)、胸圍(wei)的(de)(de)增(zeng)長(chang)值都超過(guo)20厘(li)米,為生后(hou)生長(chang)強(qiang)度最(zui)快時(shi)期。另外,還要補充食(shi)鹽、骨(gu)粉10—15克,飼草任其采食(shi)。
(3)兩(liang)歲期:兩(liang)歲驢駒體(ti)長相對生長發育速度(du)加快(kuai),體(ti)長可占成年的93.7%,此時體(ti)高和管(guan)圍分(fen)別占成年驢的96%和97%,只有胸圍占成年的89%。精料(豆類、玉米、麩皮、麻參(can)、骨粉)每(mei)日可喂3—4公斤左右。
(4)3歲(sui)期:3歲(sui)時驢的(de)胸圍生長速度增快(kuai),胸圍占成(cheng)年驢的(de)94.8%,而這時體(ti)(ti)高(gao)、體(ti)(ti)長和管(guan)圍分別占成(cheng)年驢的(de)99.3%,99%和98.5%。3歲(sui)時驢的(de)體(ti)(ti)尺接近成(cheng)年驢體(ti)(ti)尺,體(ti)(ti)格基本定型(xing),胸圍和體(ti)(ti)重以后有小的(de)增長,性機(ji)能已完全成(cheng)熟,可以投入配(pei)種繁殖。精料與(yu)兩(liang)歲(sui)駒基本相同,每頭(tou)母(mu)驢在飼養、管(guan)理好的(de)情況下,應產駒10—16頭(tou)。
(5)產品屠(tu)宰(zai)及產后(hou)處(chu)理規定:育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)驢屠(tu)宰(zai)應(ying)在(zai)四歲至十五歲之間(jian),通過短期(qi)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei),屠(tu)宰(zai)后(hou)應(ying)胴體(ti)修整、劈(pi)半、水沖、檢驗和(he)加(jia)(jia)蓋(gai)衛生檢疫章等工序,要(yao)及時冷(leng)凍。冷(leng)凍溫(wen)度應(ying)在(zai)-5℃以(yi)下。3.6生產記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)求:為達到色、香(xiang)、味(wei)美。廣靈畫眉驢屠(tu)宰(zai)、加(jia)(jia)工企業、公司、小區、合作社(she)組織(zhi)和(he)養(yang)殖戶,應(ying)當按照《農產品質量(liang)安(an)全法》的(de)要(yao)求,建立(li)喂養(yang)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)和(he)防病(bing)(bing)(bing)治病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu),記(ji)(ji)(ji)載近期(qi)投入品的(de)名稱、來源(yuan);疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)最(zui)后(hou)的(de)治療時間(jian),停藥的(de)最(zui)后(hou)時期(qi)。記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)保存二(er)年(nian)。