一.產品介紹
大同(tong)小(xiao)(xiao)明綠豆(dou)主產區在大同(tong)縣,種植歷史悠久、面積大,是(shi)該縣傳統的(de)(de)名優特產和出(chu)口的(de)(de)拳頭產品(pin)。該縣的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)明綠豆(dou)顆粒飽滿,色澤深綠,發芽率和營養價(jia)(jia)值高(gao),經(jing)測定,蛋白質含量(liang)25.6%,脂態含量(liang)0.7%,此外還有(you)VA、VD等多(duo)種成分(fen),綠豆(dou)芽百克VC含量(liang)為6毫克,是(shi)茄子的(de)(de)2倍。小(xiao)(xiao)明綠豆(dou)具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)藥用價(jia)(jia)值,可消腫下(xia)氣(qi),清熱解毒、利(li)小(xiao)(xiao)便、止渴消暑(shu)。
二(er).自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素(su)
大(da)(da)同縣(xian)絕大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分時間受(shou)(shou)西(xi)北氣流控制,溫(wen)帶大(da)(da)陸(lu)性氣候物征明顯。年(nian)均(jun)氣溫(wen)6.4℃。年(nian)均(jun)積溫(wen)2846.5℃,無霜期為135天左(zuo)右(you),年(nian)均(jun)日(ri)照時數為2987.8小時,日(ri)照時間較長。年(nian)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量為386mm,非常適(shi)宜綠(lv)豆(dou)作物生長發育,在綠(lv)豆(dou)收(shou)獲(huo)期間雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)較少(shao)(shao),利于涼曬和脫(tuo)粒(li)。大(da)(da)同縣(xian)所有(you)河(he)流屬海河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,桑干河(he)自西(xi)向(xiang)東橫貫全(quan)(quan)境。地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源豐富,有(you)21處泉眼(yan),儲量約15億立(li)(li)方米(mi)/年(nian),可開采量0.67億立(li)(li)方米(mi)/年(nian)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質多為巖石(shi)裂(lie)隙(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui),西(xi)部(bu)(bu)有(you)少(shao)(shao)量鹽堿水(shui)(shui)(shui)。巖石(shi)裂(lie)隙(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)是全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)主(zhu)要飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質清冽干醇。水(shui)(shui)(shui)頭泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)、所有(you)地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為純(chun)天然水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質優、無污染,除(chu)人(ren)畜(chu)吃水(shui)(shui)(shui)外,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)仍有(you)800多眼(yan)機(ji)井,用(yong)于農田灌溉,所產黃花、蔬菜(cai)、綠(lv)豆(dou)均(jun)為綠(lv)色有(you)機(ji)產品(pin)或無公害(hai)農產品(pin),深受(shou)(shou)市(shi)場青睞,綠(lv)豆(dou)生長依靠天然水(shui)(shui)(shui)。地勢為南(nan)北兩(liang)山(shan)夾一川槽形,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)平坦(tan),東部(bu)(bu)有(you)火山(shan)堆點綴,山(shan)地丘(qiu)陵面積占(zhan)37%,實有(you)耕地達79萬畝(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)保(bao)護性耕地62萬畝(mu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃綿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、栗鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等六種類型,其(qi)中(zhong)以褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)有(you)機(ji)質含量最多,但(dan)面積只占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)面積的(de)4%;栗鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)交織成沙壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),有(you)機(ji)質含量低(di),但(dan)面積大(da)(da),占(zhan)總(zong)面積的(de)66%,歷(li)年(nian)廣種薄(bo)收(shou),是歷(li)史(shi)上綠(lv)豆(dou)種植的(de)主(zhu)要區域。
三.地域范圍
大同(tong)縣周(zhou)士莊鎮19個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),巨(ju)樂鄉(xiang)15個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),許堡(bao)鄉(xiang)20個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),峰峪鄉(xiang)17個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),吉家莊鄉(xiang)23個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),杜莊鄉(xiang)4個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),西坪鎮6個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),瓜園鄉(xiang)11個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),共計115個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。地理坐標為東經113°20′00″~113°35′00″,北(bei)緯39°43′00″~40°16′00″。
四.產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特性(xing)特征
1、外在感(gan)官特征:大同小明綠(lv)豆顆粒飽滿、均(jun)勻(yun),色(se)澤鮮綠(lv)、手感(gan)柔綿,有黃土高(gao)原特有的清新氣味。
2、內在品質:蛋白質量≥25.6%,脂(zhi)肪含量≥0.8%,VA、VD、VB2含量豐富,綠豆芽百克VC含量約為(wei)6mg。
3、安全要求:大同小明(ming)綠豆在生產過程(cheng)中嚴格(ge)控制產品,質量安全,產品至(zhi)少達到國家無公害農產品標準(zhun),并積極組(zu)織企(qi)業進行無公害農產品和綠色食品認(ren)證。
五(wu).特(te)定生(sheng)產方式
1、產地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特(te)殊內容規(gui)定(ding):種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)在干燥通風、光照(zhao)時間(jian)較長的坡梁地(di)塊,海撥高度1000米左右,雨水易排不易積,有(you)利于根系(xi)發育(yu),減少(shao)病蟲危害(hai)。 1、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特(te)定(ding)要(yao)求(qiu):綠(lv)豆種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)選(xuan)擇(ze)第一茬結夾豆角,以粒(li)大(da)飽滿(man)為前提,小而呈方形的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)不選(xuan)用。
2、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li):綠豆(dou)是典型的(de)旱作農(nong)(nong)(nong)業,對土壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力要(yao)求不(bu)高。種(zhong)植時不(bu)宜(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei),施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)應以有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)輔。如(ru)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei),化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)必須與有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)配合(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)以小(xiao)滿前后(hou)播(bo)種(zhong)為(wei)宜(yi),播(bo)種(zhong)量(liang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)畝(mu)約1.5-2公(gong)斤(jin),畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1500公(gong)斤(jin),肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)地(di)塊畝(mu)留苗(miao)3500-4000株。播(bo)種(zhong)方法:一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)犁開溝,手溜籽的(de)方式等(deng)(deng)行距播(bo)種(zhong)。深度一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)4-6㎝。播(bo)種(zhong)質量(liang):種(zhong)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)不(bu)混合(he)(he),播(bo)后(hou)種(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)不(bu)接觸(chu)。播(bo)種(zhong)均勻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致,覆(fu)土嚴密,播(bo)后(hou)適時填(tian)壓(ya)。為(wei)提高地(di)溫(wen),便于(yu)(yu)種(zhong)子發芽,目(mu)前絕大部(bu)分地(di)塊進(jin)(jin)行覆(fu)膜生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產。田間管(guan)理(li)(li):中(zhong)耕:在(zai)出(chu)苗(miao)與開花(hua)前進(jin)(jin)行1-2次(ci)中(zhong)耕,做(zuo)到三鏟(chan)三趟,在(zai)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)鏟(chan)趟不(bu)脫節,于(yu)(yu)綠豆(dou)封(feng)壟前結束,后(hou)期(qi)撥一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遍大草。病蟲(chong)草害防治:通(tong)過(guo)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗病品種(zhong)、輪作倒茬(cha)、培育壯苗(miao)、精耕細作等(deng)(deng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi);有(you)(you)限度地(di)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)部(bu)分化學合(he)(he)成(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao),每(mei)種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)在(zai)作物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)季當中(zhong)只(zhi)允許使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)求、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、方法等(deng)(deng)按GB4285、GB8321(1-6)執行。嚴禁使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國家已公(gong)布的(de)禁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。綠豆(dou)蚜蟲(chong):可選(xuan)(xuan)4.5%氯氰菊酯乳油(you)1500倍(bei)液噴霧防治。因此(ci),這樣(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產出(chu)的(de)綠豆(dou)產品完全(quan) 符合(he)(he)《無公(gong)害綠豆(dou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產技術規程(cheng)(cheng)》。
3、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)及產(chan)(chan)后處理(li)規定:產(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)全部采(cai)用人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)采(cai)摘的方法(fa),防止籽粒(li)破碎、霉(mei)爛(lan);收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)后日曬(shai)自然涼干(gan);應在(zai)上午(wu)露水未干(gan)或傍晚時收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)。做到單收(shou)(shou)割、單拉運、單堆放(fang)、單脫粒(li)、單貯藏。企業(ye)收(shou)(shou)購加(jia)工(gong)完(wan)全按(an)照《中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和國食(shi)品(pin)衛生(sheng)法(fa)》要(yao)求,大氣環境符合(he)《環境空氣質量(liang)標準》中(zhong)Ⅰ級規定。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加(jia)工(gong)企業(ye)全部有生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)許(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng)和衛生(sheng)許(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng),加(jia)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員身體健康。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)符合(he)GB-1X123標準。
4、生產記錄:綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)作物從(cong)選種、浸種、播種、病蟲害防治、技(ji)術措施(shi)、農(nong)藥化肥的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)等全部(bu)由技(ji)術人員記錄建檔,從(cong)鄉村綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)生產合(he)作社到縣綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)生產協(xie)會,都有明(ming)確(que)的(de)記錄。對于生產加工(gong)過(guo)程中投入(ru)品的(de)名稱、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時間、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)目的(de)、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)方法、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)等都以表格(ge)的(de)形式記錄清楚。加工(gong)企業對加工(gong)工(gong)藝都有嚴格(ge)規定,加工(gong)時間、等級、數(shu)量(liang)也(ye)有明(ming)確(que)記錄。