歷史淵源
山西省晉城(cheng)(cheng)市澤州(zhou)縣巴公(gong)(gong)鎮(zhen)的(de)“巴公(gong)(gong)大蔥”是山西省早期四大著名(ming)土(tu)特產(chan)之一,有著悠久的(de)歷史(shi)。相傳(chuan)慈禧(xi)太后(hou)西逃(tao)時(shi)路經晉城(cheng)(cheng),當(dang)地官員設宴(yan)款待(dai),上菜(cai)(cai)時(shi)發現少了(le)(le)一道(dao)(dao)菜(cai)(cai),急(ji)的(de)人們滿頭(tou)冒(mao)汗,廚師臨時(shi)急(ji)中生智用大蔥及(ji)肉絲燒(shao)(shao)了(le)(le)一道(dao)(dao)菜(cai)(cai),取名(ming)燒(shao)(shao)大萄,慈禧(xi)吃后(hou)連連夸獎,這道(dao)(dao)菜(cai)(cai)便流(liu)傳(chuan)了(le)(le)下來(lai)。巴公(gong)(gong)大蔥即(ji)被賦予了(le)(le)傳(chuan)奇色(se)彩,并成為了(le)(le)傳(chuan)統的(de)種植農產(chan)品。
產地環境
巴公大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)主栽(zai)區為澤州(zhou)縣巴公鎮(zhen)、大(da)陽鎮(zhen)、下村(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)等鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)。巴公大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)之所(suo)以品質優良,主要(yao)是由(you)于自然條件適宜(yi),栽(zai)培技術(shu)獨特。如種(zhong)巴公大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)最出(chu)名的坡頭村(cun)(cun),地處嶺(ling)崗,屬紅粘土壤,空氣干燥,適應大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)喜涼爽的生長習性,極宜(yi)種(zhong)植(zhi)。
種植技術
巴公(gong)大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)其種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技術,主要包括(kuo)精心選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)、實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)栽(zai)培、認真管理3條(tiao)。選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)是秋后收蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)時(shi)(shi)在地(di)里(li)單株選(xuan)擇。標準是植(zhi)株健壯(zhuang),管葉蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)綠,蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)白(bai)肥大(da)(da)(da),組織充實(shi)(shi),外(wai)皮白(bai)色(se),符合巴公(gong)大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)桿粗、長相(xiang)、疙瘩等典(dian)型形狀。選(xuan)好的(de)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)精心保存(cun),土地(di)解凍后將蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)下,五(wu)六月收蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)籽(zi)。種(zhong)(zhong)子只采(cai)收中間一枝,不(bu)才周(zhou)圍分枝,以保證籽(zi)粒飽滿、壯(zhuang)實(shi)(shi)。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)、壓(ya)秧都必(bi)須適時(shi)(shi)。在巴公(gong)鎮,白(bai)露種(zhong)(zhong)麥是同時(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)籽(zi),來(lai)年農(nong)歷五(wu)月再壓(ya)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)秧,大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)就長不(bu)好。所(suo)謂“五(wu)月蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong),空疙筒”就是群眾(zhong)的(de)實(shi)(shi)踐經驗。
精心(xin)管理是巴公蔥(cong)(cong)出名的關(guan)鍵環節。春(chun)天小蔥(cong)(cong)返(fan)青時要(yao)施肥(fei)(fei)、澆水。壓蔥(cong)(cong)定植(zhi)時要(yao)多施土雜肥(fei)(fei)并剪掉部分(fen)蔥(cong)(cong)葉和須根以加(jia)速成活。因為(wei)大蔥(cong)(cong)的食用主要(yao)是蔥(cong)(cong)白莖,所以巴公蔥(cong)(cong)主要(yao)在培植(zhi)的白莖上下工夫。夏秋時間,每(mei)下一(yi)場雨,群眾都要(yao)及時施一(yi)次(ci)肥(fei)(fei),培一(yi)次(ci)土,保證(zheng)充足的水、肥(fei)(fei)土條件,使(shi)大蔥(cong)(cong)的白莖長得長、粗實、不(bu)分(fen)瓣。一(yi)直到(dao)“寒露”收蔥(cong)(cong)時,蔥(cong)(cong)仍然不(bu)塌架,蔥(cong)(cong)葉不(bu)黃(huang)苗(miao),增產效果十分(fen)明顯。
品質特點
“巴公(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)”是(shi)(shi)巴公(gong)(gong)鎮的(de)(de)一種(zhong)地產名產,據傳(chuan)用其燒制的(de)(de)小菜曾受(shou)到慈禧(xi)太后的(de)(de)贊(zan)賞。“巴公(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)”是(shi)(shi)巴公(gong)(gong)鎮廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)農民長(chang)期選育的(de)(de)品種(zhong)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)地方品種(zhong),植株(zhu)高、白頸長(chang)、根頸肥、產量高。其主(zhu)要特(te)點是(shi)(shi)個大(da)(da)(da)、味濃(nong)、崩花多、耐(nai)貯存。
個大。這種蔥(cong)每株(zhu)重(zhong)300--500克(ke)左右(you),收獲時株(zhu)高近(jin)1米,蔥(cong)白60公分,頭(tou)部的根莖有拳頭(tou)大,人稱“扁擔蔥(cong)”或“拳頭(tou)蔥(cong)”
味(wei)濃(nong)。巴公大蔥(cong)所含的營養成份和殺(sha)菌(jun)辣素(su)均比一(yi)般的蔥(cong)比例高(gao),香味(wei)、辣味(wei)都(dou)很(hen)濃(nong)烈。燒制的大蔥(cong)香味(wei)特別濃(nong)郁。因此,其食用和藥用價值較高(gao),為蔥(cong)中之冠。
崩花多。其(qi)(qi)他地(di)方的蔥用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)切不易碎(sui),即使(shi)先用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)面一拍,切后也難免出現塊狀。把(ba)一株巴(ba)公大蔥放在案(an)(an)上,只須(xu)用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)面一拍,層層鱗莖便自動崩開,小(xiao)片蔥白似滿案(an)(an)飛花,用(yong)其(qi)(qi)烹、炒、調、炸(zha)時(shi)搶火(huo)候效果(guo)好味道美(mei)。
耐貯存(cun)(cun)。蔥白(bai)肉厚(hou)心實,組織結構嚴密(mi)。單(dan)株(zhu)獨莖(jing)不(bu)分辨。收(shou)獲3天后蔥葉方才漸漸由綠變(bian)黃。葉干后放于(yu)陰涼干燥處保存(cun)(cun)一冬一春,蔥白(bai)僅干外(wai)表一層(ceng)皮,其蔥不(bu)腐(fu)爛、不(bu)干枯、不(bu)跑味。
生產情況
巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)(gong)大(da)蔥的(de)真正種(zhong)植發源地(di)(di)是巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)(gong)鎮的(de)坡頭(tou)村。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)(gong)大(da)蔥在歷史上種(zhong)植面積(ji)曾(ceng)達2000多畝,總(zong)產量200多公(gong)(gong)斤,每年(nian)(nian)外銷(xiao)60萬公(gong)(gong)斤。20世紀80年(nian)(nian)代后期(qi),巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)(gong)大(da)萄一度受煤炭經(jing)濟的(de)影(ying)響使得種(zhong)植面積(ji)銳減(jian)。 在20世紀90年(nian)(nian)代,澤(ze)州蔥通過建立大(da)蔥基地(di)(di),發展種(zhong)植,運銷(xiao)河(he)南(nan)、山東、河(he)北、陜西等地(di)(di),受到省內外客商的(de)贊譽。
從(cong)2000年開(kai)始,巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公鎮黨委、政府為了(le)保護(hu)這一(yi)傳(chuan)統(tong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),在全鎮范圍內重新(xin)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公大蔥(cong)種(zhong)植(zhi)業,鎮政府相繼出臺(tai)優(you)惠政策,為種(zhong)植(zhi)的村和戶給予(yu)(yu)資金補貼等。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公一(yi)村、莊(zhuang)頭(tou)村、郭莊(zhuang)村等有(you)(you)條件(jian)的村,紛紛響應(ying),開(kai)發(fa)(fa)種(zhong)植(zhi)該產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公一(yi)村還(huan)成立了(le)雙(shuang)豐農(nong)(nong)業開(kai)發(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)限公司(si),該公司(si)專門設立了(le)雙(shuang)豐園農(nong)(nong)業種(zhong)植(zhi)合(he)作(zuo)社(she),合(he)作(zuo)社(she)通過選(xuan)育傳(chuan)統(tong)的優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、合(he)理種(zhong)植(zhi)方式,還(huan)延長(chang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業鏈條,積極開(kai)發(fa)(fa)大蔥(cong)深(shen)加工(gong)項目,投資1200萬元,新(xin)上了(le)大蔥(cong)低溫凍干脫水生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)線,并(bing)嚴(yan)格按照無公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的規程進行種(zhong)植(zhi)和操作(zuo)。先后被(bei)山西(xi)名牌農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)評選(xuan)認(ren)定委員會認(ren)定為“山西(xi)名牌農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)”,被(bei)山西(xi)省工(gong)商(shang)行政管理局授(shou)予(yu)(yu)“著名商(shang)標”。