一.產品介紹
萬(wan)(wan)泉大(da)(da)蔥(cong)分布在萬(wan)(wan)榮縣(xian)萬(wan)(wan)泉鄉、南(nan)張(zhang)鄉所屬的(de)28個行(xing)政(zheng)村,地域保(bao)護范(fan)圍(wei)東經(jing)35°21′37″~35°26′27″,北(bei)緯110°39′11″~110°49′49″,種(zhong)植面積 894.6公頃,年產大(da)(da)蔥(cong)6.5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。萬(wan)(wan)泉大(da)(da)蔥(cong)頗(po)負盛名,距(ju)今已(yi)有(you)(you)一(yi)千多年的(de)生產歷(li)史,在唐朝時曾作為貢(gong)品(pin)進(jin)獻。《萬(wan)(wan)榮縣(xian)志》上記載(zai):本縣(xian)所產大(da)(da)蔥(cong),層多、肉(rou)厚,蔥(cong)桿(gan)(gan)長達1市尺,形(xing)如鞭桿(gan)(gan),故(gu)名鞭桿(gan)(gan)蔥(cong)。萬(wan)(wan)泉大(da)(da)蔥(cong)產量(liang)高、品(pin)質好、桿(gan)(gan)粗桿(gan)(gan)長、潔白鮮(xian)嫩,辣甜適度,營養豐(feng)富、健脾養胃(wei)、耐貯宜存、上市期(qi)長,是人們吃飯不(bu)可缺(que)少(shao)的(de)調味品(pin)。萬(wan)(wan)泉大(da)(da)蔥(cong)中的(de)糖(tang)、粗纖維(wei)、粗蛋白、鈣、鋅、鐵、蘋(pin)果酸(suan)等多種(zhong)礦(kuang)物(wu)質及(ji)微量(liang)元素含量(liang)均居國家(jia)同(tong)類產品(pin)之首,具有(you)(you)極大(da)(da)的(de)藥用價值(zhi),有(you)(you)健康、養胃(wei)、解熱發(fa)汗,補(bu)虛(xu)助陽等特殊功效。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素(su)
土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:萬泉鄉(xiang)地(di)(di)處晉、豫、陜三(san)角州,黃金地(di)(di)段,運城市西北(bei),孤(gu)峰山背陰(yin),黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)高(gao)原(yuan),峨(e)眉丘(qiu)陵臺地(di)(di),位于萬榮(rong)縣城正南山基(ji)巖中山區,分(fen)布在孤(gu)山北(bei)坡一帶(dai)(dai),海拔600-800多(duo)米,地(di)(di)勢東南高(gao)西北(bei)低(di),呈百分(fen)5公里(li),屬(shu)于孤(gu)之(zhi)五的(de)(de)坡度(du)漸趨次降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)的(de)(de)三(san)級臺地(di)(di)地(di)(di)勢,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中性(xing),PH值在8左右,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚、肥沃,通透性(xing)好(hao),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)養分(fen)狀況:有(you)(you)(you)(you)機質含(han)量平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)12.42g/kg,全氮約(yue)0.74 g/kg,有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)磷約(yue)14.54mg/kg,速(su)效(xiao)鉀約(yue)160.50mg/kg,緩效(xiao)鉀約(yue)838.3mg/kg,有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)銅約(yue)26.87mg/kg,有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)鋅約(yue)1.27mg/kg,有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)鐵約(yue)4.9g/kg。有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)硼約(yue)0.27 g/kg,有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)鉬約(yue)0.14g/kg.土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質地(di)(di)較(jiao)粗(cu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)層較(jiao)薄,約(yue)180-200m,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)透水透氣性(xing)良(liang)好(hao),排澇能(neng)力(li)強。水土(tu)(tu)(tu)中度(du)流失,周圍(wei)無化工企業,基(ji)本(ben)(ben)無污染(ran),以上(shang)條(tiao)件基(ji)本(ben)(ben)適(shi)宜大(da)蔥栽培。水文情況:地(di)(di)下水資源豐(feng)富,灌溉水均(jun)(jun)符合無公害食品相應(ying)標準的(de)(de)要求(qiu),水質質量合格,全鄉(xiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機井11眼,單井出水量為25-50方(fang)/小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),機井基(ji)本(ben)(ben)配套。當地(di)(di)灌溉主(zhu)要是管(guan)灌,基(ji)本(ben)(ben)上(shang)能(neng)滿足大(da)蔥生育關鍵期(qi)用水,極有(you)(you)(you)(you)利于優(you)質大(da)蔥的(de)(de)生產。氣候(hou)(hou)情況:氣候(hou)(hou)屬(shu)暖溫帶(dai)(dai)大(da)陸性(xing)季風(feng)氣候(hou)(hou),暖劇(ju)烈,四(si)季分(fen)明,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫11.8℃,日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數2364小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量550mm,無霜(shuang)189天,農作物平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)生長期(qi)257天,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)凍結期(qi)105天,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸(zheng)發量1862.8mm,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)光(guang)照(zhao)2364.3小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫11.8度(du),最高(gao)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)25.6度(du),最低(di)-3.9度(du),0-20cm年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)土(tu)(tu)(tu)溫13度(du)。
三.地域范圍
根據《農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志登記管(guan)理辦法》的(de)規定以及大(da)蔥特(te)有的(de)自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境條(tiao)件,經縣政府和(he)縣農委研究(jiu)決定,劃定萬榮縣大(da)蔥地(di)理標志地(di)域保護范(fan)圍:萬泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、南張鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)所屬(shu)的(de)28個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun),具體包括(kuo)萬泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)橋頭(tou)、橋上、柳(liu)(liu)家(jia)院、屬(shu)里(li)、東丁、西(xi)(xi)丁、萬泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、北澗、北里(li)、廟(miao)后(hou)、楊家(jia)垛、林山(shan)、荊(jing)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、荊(jing)淮、澗薛(xue);南張鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)太趙(zhao)、薛(xue)李(li)、百帝、李(li)家(jia)、王家(jia)、尚家(jia)、姚家(jia)、南張、閆(yan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、東蘇(su)馮、西(xi)(xi)蘇(su)馮、萬榮莊、范(fan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。東到萬泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)荊(jing)淮村(cun)(cun)(cun)、西(xi)(xi)到南張鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)萬榮莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)、南到萬泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)柳(liu)(liu)家(jia)院村(cun)(cun)(cun)、北到南張鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)太趙(zhao)村(cun)(cun)(cun),經度35°21′36.6″--35°26′27.0″,緯度110°39′11.0″--110°49′49.3″產(chan)(chan)地(di)面積 894.6公頃,年產(chan)(chan)大(da)蔥65000噸。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
1.產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)色萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)鄉以獨(du)特(te)的(de)地理優勢和氣候環(huan)境,養育(yu)著(zhu)大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)栽植有(you)(you)600年的(de)歷史(shi),萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)產量(liang)高、品(pin)質(zhi)好(hao)、桿(gan)(gan)粗桿(gan)(gan)長、潔白(bai)鮮嫩(nen),辣甜適度,營養豐富(fu)、健(jian)(jian)脾養胃、耐(nai)貯宜(yi)存、上市期長,也(ye)是人們吃飯不(bu)可缺(que)少的(de)調味品(pin)。萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)中的(de)糖、粗纖維、粗蛋白(bai)、鈣、鋅(xin)、鐵、蘋果酸等(deng)多種礦物(wu)質(zhi)及微量(liang)元(yuan)素含量(liang)均(jun)居國家同(tong)類產品(pin)之首,具有(you)(you)極(ji)大(da)的(de)藥用價值,有(you)(you)健(jian)(jian)康、養胃、解熱(re)發汗,補虛助陽(yang)等(deng)特(te)殊功效。其(qi)中鉀144-167mg/100g,維生素C17-21mg/100g,鈣29-33mg/100g,磷30-37mg/100g,鎂8-11mg/100g。
2. 產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安全規定:嚴格按照(zhao)農委統一(yi)印制(zhi)的(de)(de)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)建立地理標志農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)“萬(wan)泉”牌萬(wan)泉大(da)蔥的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)檔案,詳細記(ji)錄(lu)投入品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)采購(gou)地、名(ming)稱(cheng)、用量(liang)方法、注意事(shi)項等,并對各個生(sheng)產(chan)環節所采取的(de)(de)技(ji)術措施嚴格按照(zhao)標準化生(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術規程進行(xing)(xing)并做(zuo)好記(ji)錄(lu)。對每批商(shang)品(pin)(pin)要(yao)嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)巡檢(jian)和抽樣檢(jian)查,并按農戶(hu)編號做(zuo)好登(deng)記(ji),嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)嚴格準出和市(shi)場準入制(zhi)度。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
萬泉大(da)(da)蔥在生(sheng)產地塊(kuai)選擇、品種選擇、栽植(zhi)、土肥水(shui)管理、病蟲害防治 收獲等生(sheng)產過程中嚴格執行無公(gong)害大(da)(da)蔥標準化生(sheng)產技術操作規程
1.產(chan)地(di)(di)選擇產(chan)地(di)(di)條件(jian)符合《無公害食品蔬菜產(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境條件(jian)》(NY5010-2002)的要求。產(chan)地(di)(di)遠離“工業三(san)廢(fei)”污(wu)染源2km以(yi)上,且離醫院、學(xue)校、居民區、公路主(zhu)干線500m以(yi)上,空(kong)氣良好的地(di)(di)塊作為產(chan)地(di)(di)。
2.品種選擇及生產過程管理:育苗育苗方式:露地育苗。品種選擇:選用優質、抗病、高產的品種,如:章丘大蔥、萬泉牌1號、家祿1號等。種子質量:應選用當年新種子,符合GB8079種子標準。用種量:每667m2用種3kg-4kg。種子處理:用55℃溫水攪拌浸種20分鐘-30分鐘,或用0.2%高錳酸鉀溶液浸種20分鐘-30分鐘,撈出洗凈晾干后播種。育苗床準備:選地勢平坦,排灌方便,土質肥沃,近三年未種過蔥蒜類蔬菜的地塊。結合整地每667m2施腐熟有機肥3000公斤左右,適量施入氮磷肥,淺耕細耙,整平作畦。播(bo)種(zhong):在(zai)9月上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)進行播(bo)種(zhong),先澆(jiao)足(zu)底水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲后(hou)將種(zhong)子均(jun)勻播(bo)撒與床(chuang)面,覆細(xi)土(tu)0.8cm-1.0cm。苗(miao)(miao)期(qi)管理(li):苗(miao)(miao)出齊后(hou),保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)見(jian)干(gan)見(jian)濕(shi),適(shi)當控制水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),上(shang)凍前(qian)澆(jiao)一次(ci)(ci)凍水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。翌年(nian)春季土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)解凍后(hou)及時澆(jiao)返青水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),幼苗(miao)(miao)返青后(hou)結(jie)合(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)每(mei)(mei)667m2追施氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)4kg(折尿素(su)8.7kg)。間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)1-2次(ci)(ci),苗(miao)(miao)距3cm-4cm見(jian)方,定(ding)(ding)植前(qian)7天(tian)-10天(tian)停止(zhi)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)植前(qian)準(zhun)備前(qian)茬(cha):為非蔥(cong)蒜類(lei)蔬菜。整地施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):地面撒施地下(xia)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji),噴打氟樂(le)靈除草(cao)劑(ji),施足(zu)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),每(mei)(mei)667m2撒施優(you)質有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)3000公(gong)斤左右(缺少農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),可用(yong)(yong)腐植酸(suan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)100-200kg),氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)3kg(折尿素(su)6.5kg),過(guo)磷酸(suan)鈣(gai)50kg,然后(hou)用(yong)(yong)鏇耕(geng)器(qi)鏇好地待(dai)栽。定(ding)(ding)植定(ding)(ding)植期(qi):4月下(xia)旬(xun)、5月上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)密度(du):每(mei)(mei)667m212000株(zhu)(zhu)-22000株(zhu)(zhu),行株(zhu)(zhu)距60cm-80cm×5cm-7cm。方法:蔥(cong)苗(miao)(miao)要(yao)分(fen)級(ji),按大、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小苗(miao)(miao)分(fen)開(kai)定(ding)(ding)植。用(yong)(yong)犁開(kai)溝(gou),人工插(cha),在(zai)開(kai)好的蔥(cong)溝(gou)內(nei),將蔥(cong)苗(miao)(miao)插(cha)入(ru)(ru)溝(gou)底,深度(du)以(yi)下(xia)埋住五杈(cha)股(gu)為宜,兩(liang)邊(bian)壓實后(hou)再澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)植后(hou)管理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除草(cao):定(ding)(ding)植緩苗(miao)(miao)后(hou),天(tian)氣逐漸進入(ru)(ru)炎熱夏(xia)季,植株(zhu)(zhu)處(chu)于(yu)半(ban)休眠狀態,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)保(bao)墑,清除雜草(cao),雨后(hou)及時排(pai)出田間(jian)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管理(li):進入(ru)(ru)8月份,大蔥(cong)開(kai)始旺(wang)盛生長,要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)濕(shi)潤,逐漸增加澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)次(ci)(ci)數和加大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量,收獲前(qian)7天(tian)-10天(tian)停止(zhi)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui);追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)品種(zhong)以(yi)尿素(su)、硫酸(suan)銨為主,結(jie)合(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),分(fen)別于(yu)立秋、白(bai)露兩(liang)個(ge)節氣,每(mei)(mei)667m2追施尿素(su)10-15kg。生長中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)期(qi)還可用(yong)(yong)0.5%磷酸(suan)二氫鉀(jia)溶液、氨基(ji)酸(suan)葉面肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等葉面追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2-3次(ci)(ci)。培(pei)土(tu):為軟(ruan)化蔥(cong)白(bai),防止(zhi)倒(dao)伏,要(yao)結(jie)合(he)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、雨后(hou)進行4次(ci)(ci)培(pei)土(tu)。將行間(jian)的潮濕(shi)土(tu)盡量培(pei)到蔥(cong)稈(gan)兩(liang)側并拍實,以(yi)不(bu)埋住五杈(cha)股(gu)為宜。
3.產(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)及產(chan)后處理規定收(shou)獲(huo)時期:據市場需要,隨(sui)時收(shou)獲(huo)上市。收(shou)獲(huo)方式(shi):收(shou)獲(huo)大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)時,可(ke)用鐵(tie)鍬將蔥(cong)(cong)壟一(yi)側(ce)挖活,露出蔥(cong)(cong)白后再用手輕拔,切忌(ji)猛拔,猛拔蔥(cong)(cong)白、拉斷莖盤(pan)或斷根(gen)而降低商品(pin)質量(liang)。收(shou)獲(huo)后的(de)(de)大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)應抖凈(jing)泥土,攤放在地里,鋪成一(yi)排,在地里晾曬2-3天。待葉(xie)片(pian)柔軟,須根(gen)和(he)蔥(cong)(cong)白表層半干時,除去枯葉(xie),分級捆綁,每捆5kg-10kg。在大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)的(de)(de)生產(chan)過(guo)程中,嚴把各個關口,確(que)保產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)合(he)格。在大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)收(shou)獲(huo)前(qian),要組(zu)織檢(jian)(jian)驗人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)對產(chan)品(pin)進行農藥殘留速(su)測(ce)(ce)。注重檢(jian)(jian)驗人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)業務素(su)質的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao),思想(xiang)覺悟的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao),要求檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)抱著(zhu)對人(ren)(ren)民健康高(gao)度負責的(de)(de)精神,對每個檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)數(shu)據負責,減少人(ren)(ren)為誤差。不(bu)斷地對檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)加強培訓,外出參(can)觀,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)掌握先(xian)進的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)技術,確(que)保人(ren)(ren)民群(qun)眾的(de)(de)身體(ti)健康。
4. 生產記錄要求:化肥農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)情況化肥、農(nong)藥(yao)具體使(shi)用(yong)(yong)辦法(fa):三氟(fu)(fu)氯氰,6月(yue)份(fen)和8月(yue)份(fen)各噴一次,2.5%的三氟(fu)(fu)氯氫(qing)菊酯2000-3000倍液,防治大蔥(cong)(cong)薊馬、大蔥(cong)(cong)斑潛蠅(ying)。阿維菌(jun)素,9月份用1.8%阿維菌(jun)素乳油3-4.5PPM噴霧,防治(zhi)大(da)蔥(cong)斑潛蠅(ying)。代森錳(meng)鋅(xin),9月中(zhong)旬開(kai)始每(mei)隔(ge)15天噴一(yi)次(ci)1000-1500倍液連噴2-3次(ci),防治(zhi)霜(shuang)霉病(bing)、灰(hui)霉病(bing)。氟樂(le)(le)靈(ling),用48%的氟樂(le)(le)靈(ling)除草劑在4月底到(dao)5月初(chu)兌(dui)水進行噴灑地面。過磷(lin)酸鈣,作為(wei)(wei)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei),畝施(shi)50公(gong)斤。尿素,作為(wei)(wei)追肥(fei)(fei),7月中旬(xun)、8月下旬(xun)畝追15公(gong)斤左(zuo)右。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)國(guo)家頒(ban)布(bu)的(de)(de)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)合理(li)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則》和(he)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)安全(quan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標準執行(xing)》,在生產(chan)上不使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國(guo)家明令禁止的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。如(ru):甲胺(an)磷(lin)、久效磷(lin)、對(dui)(dui)硫磷(lin)、甲基(ji)對(dui)(dui)硫磷(lin)和(he)磷(lin)胺(an)等。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)要有(you)專人(ren)負責登記保(bao)管,保(bao)管人(ren)員(yuan)核對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)數量、品種(zhong)和(he)“三(san)(san)證(zheng)”后,方可(ke)(ke)(ke)入庫。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在技術人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)指導下適時(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),對(dui)(dui)癥施(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),交(jiao)替施(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。嚴(yan)格掌握農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)安全(quan)間隔期(qi),及時(shi)做(zuo)好農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)間檔(dang)案(an)記錄(lu)。嚴(yan)格執行(xing)肥(fei)(fei)料合理(li)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則。根(gen)據土壤化驗成果配方施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)原則:以有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,以施(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,追肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)輔,盡量限制化肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。對(dui)(dui)化肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類、來源使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)情況(kuang)要做(zuo)詳細(xi)記錄(lu)。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“三(san)(san)證(zheng)”俱全(quan)的(de)(de)產(chan)品,不使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)城市生活垃(la)圾,施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)必須經過腐熟無害(hai)化處理(li)方可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。不用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)污水灌溉大蔥,杜絕一(yi)切有(you)害(hai)物質進(jin)入農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治(zhi)(zhi)物理(li)防治(zhi)(zhi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)糖、醋、酒、水、敵百蟲(chong)晶體按3:3:1:10:0.5的(de)(de)比(bi)例配成溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),裝入小瓶(ping)中,支撐(cheng)于田(tian)(tian)(tian)間,保(bao)持不干,誘殺蔥蠅等害(hai)蟲(chong)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)防治(zhi)(zhi):霜霉(mei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi)噴(pen)(pen)灑(sa)70%代森(sen)(sen)錳(meng)鋅可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)1000-1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或75%百菌清(qing)(qing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),隔7-10天(tian)1次(ci),連(lian)續(xu)(xu)防治(zhi)(zhi)2-3次(ci)。銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi)噴(pen)(pen)灑(sa)15%三(san)(san)唑酮可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)2000-2500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),隔10天(tian)左(zuo)右1次(ci),連(lian)續(xu)(xu)防治(zhi)(zhi)2-3次(ci)。紫斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi)噴(pen)(pen)灑(sa)75%百菌清(qing)(qing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)500-600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或70%代森(sen)(sen)錳(meng)鋅1000-1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或50%撲(pu)海(hai)因可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),隔7-10天(tian)噴(pen)(pen)灑(sa)1次(ci),連(lian)續(xu)(xu)防治(zhi)(zhi)3-4次(ci),均有(you)較好的(de)(de)效果。黑(hei)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)噴(pen)(pen)灑(sa)75%百菌清(qing)(qing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或50%撲(pu)海(hai)因可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),隔7-10天(tian)噴(pen)(pen)灑(sa)1次(ci),連(lian)續(xu)(xu)防治(zhi)(zhi)3-4次(ci)。灰霉(mei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%撲(pu)海(hai)因1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或70%代森(sen)(sen)錳(meng)鋅1000-1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防治(zhi)(zhi)。蔥地(di)種(zhong)蠅在成蟲(chong)發(fa)生期(qi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2.5%三(san)(san)氟氯氰乳油3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)打,也可(ke)(ke)(ke)對(dui)(dui)發(fa)生地(di)蛆(qu)蔥田(tian)(tian)(tian)毒死(si)蜱乳油800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)灌根(gen)。蔥斑潛蠅用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1.8%阿維菌素乳油3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防治(zhi)(zhi)。蔥薊馬可(ke)(ke)(ke)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)3%的(de)(de)啶蟲(chong)脒乳油2000-3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或0.26%苦參堿1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),進(jin)行(xing)噴(pen)(pen)打防治(zhi)(zhi)。