一.產品介紹
萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)大蔥(cong)(cong)分布在萬(wan)(wan)榮(rong)縣萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)鄉(xiang)、南張鄉(xiang)所屬的(de)28個行(xing)政村,地(di)域保(bao)護范(fan)圍東經35°21′37″~35°26′27″,北緯(wei)110°39′11″~110°49′49″,種(zhong)植面積 894.6公頃,年(nian)(nian)產大蔥(cong)(cong)6.5萬(wan)(wan)噸。萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)大蔥(cong)(cong)頗負盛名,距今(jin)已有(you)一千多年(nian)(nian)的(de)生產歷(li)史,在唐(tang)朝時曾作為貢品(pin)進獻。《萬(wan)(wan)榮(rong)縣志》上記載(zai):本縣所產大蔥(cong)(cong),層多、肉厚,蔥(cong)(cong)桿(gan)(gan)長達(da)1市(shi)尺,形如鞭桿(gan)(gan),故名鞭桿(gan)(gan)蔥(cong)(cong)。萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)大蔥(cong)(cong)產量高、品(pin)質好、桿(gan)(gan)粗(cu)桿(gan)(gan)長、潔白(bai)鮮嫩,辣甜適度(du),營養(yang)豐(feng)富、健脾養(yang)胃、耐貯宜存、上市(shi)期長,是人們吃飯(fan)不可缺少(shao)的(de)調味品(pin)。萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)大蔥(cong)(cong)中的(de)糖、粗(cu)纖維、粗(cu)蛋白(bai)、鈣、鋅、鐵、蘋果酸等(deng)多種(zhong)礦物質及(ji)微(wei)量元素含(han)量均居國家同(tong)類(lei)產品(pin)之(zhi)首,具有(you)極(ji)大的(de)藥用價值,有(you)健康、養(yang)胃、解熱發汗(han),補(bu)虛助陽(yang)等(deng)特殊(shu)功效。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷(li)史(shi)因素
土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:萬泉鄉(xiang)(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)晉、豫、陜三角州,黃(huang)金地(di)(di)(di)段(duan),運城市(shi)西(xi)北,孤峰山(shan)(shan)背陰,黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)高原,峨眉丘陵臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di),位于萬榮縣城正南山(shan)(shan)基(ji)巖中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)區(qu),分(fen)布在孤山(shan)(shan)北坡一帶,海拔(ba)600-800多(duo)米,地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)東南高西(xi)北低,呈百分(fen)5公(gong)里(li),屬(shu)于孤之(zhi)五(wu)的(de)坡度(du)(du)漸趨(qu)次降低的(de)三級臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi),土(tu)(tu)壤中(zhong)性(xing),PH值在8左右,土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚、肥沃(wo),通透(tou)性(xing)好,土(tu)(tu)壤養分(fen)狀況:有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量平(ping)均(jun)12.42g/kg,全氮約(yue)0.74 g/kg,有(you)(you)效磷約(yue)14.54mg/kg,速效鉀約(yue)160.50mg/kg,緩效鉀約(yue)838.3mg/kg,有(you)(you)效銅約(yue)26.87mg/kg,有(you)(you)效鋅約(yue)1.27mg/kg,有(you)(you)效鐵(tie)約(yue)4.9g/kg。有(you)(you)效硼(peng)約(yue)0.27 g/kg,有(you)(you)效鉬約(yue)0.14g/kg.土(tu)(tu)壤質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)較(jiao)(jiao)粗,土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)較(jiao)(jiao)薄,約(yue)180-200m,土(tu)(tu)壤透(tou)水(shui)(shui)透(tou)氣(qi)性(xing)良好,排(pai)澇(lao)能(neng)力強(qiang)。水(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)度(du)(du)流失,周(zhou)圍(wei)無化工(gong)企業,基(ji)本(ben)無污染,以(yi)上條件基(ji)本(ben)適(shi)宜大蔥栽培。水(shui)(shui)文情況:地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)資源豐富,灌溉水(shui)(shui)均(jun)符合(he)無公(gong)害食品相應標準的(de)要求(qiu),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量合(he)格,全鄉(xiang)(xiang)有(you)(you)機(ji)井(jing)11眼,單井(jing)出水(shui)(shui)量為(wei)25-50方/小(xiao)時,機(ji)井(jing)基(ji)本(ben)配(pei)套(tao)。當地(di)(di)(di)灌溉主要是管(guan)灌,基(ji)本(ben)上能(neng)滿足大蔥生(sheng)育關(guan)鍵期(qi)用水(shui)(shui),極有(you)(you)利于優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大蔥的(de)生(sheng)產。氣(qi)候情況:氣(qi)候屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶大陸性(xing)季風氣(qi)候,暖(nuan)劇(ju)烈,四季分(fen)明,年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)11.8℃,日照時數2364小(xiao)時,年降雨量550mm,無霜(shuang)189天,農作物平(ping)均(jun)生(sheng)長期(qi)257天,土(tu)(tu)壤凍結期(qi)105天,年平(ping)均(jun)蒸發量1862.8mm,年平(ping)均(jun)光照2364.3小(xiao)時。年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)11.8度(du)(du),最(zui)高平(ping)均(jun)25.6度(du)(du),最(zui)低-3.9度(du)(du),0-20cm年平(ping)均(jun)土(tu)(tu)溫(wen)13度(du)(du)。
三.地域范圍
根據《農(nong)產品地(di)理(li)(li)標志登記管理(li)(li)辦法》的(de)規(gui)定以及大蔥特(te)有的(de)自然生態環境條件,經(jing)縣(xian)政府和縣(xian)農(nong)委研究(jiu)決定,劃定萬(wan)(wan)榮(rong)縣(xian)大蔥地(di)理(li)(li)標志地(di)域保護(hu)范圍(wei):萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、南張(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)所屬(shu)的(de)28個行政村(cun),具體包括(kuo)萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)橋(qiao)頭、橋(qiao)上、柳家(jia)院(yuan)、屬(shu)里、東(dong)(dong)丁、西(xi)丁、萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)(quan)、北澗、北里、廟后、楊家(jia)垛、林山、荊村(cun)、荊淮、澗薛;南張(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)太趙、薛李、百帝、李家(jia)、王家(jia)、尚(shang)家(jia)、姚家(jia)、南張(zhang)、閆村(cun)、東(dong)(dong)蘇馮(feng)、西(xi)蘇馮(feng)、萬(wan)(wan)榮(rong)莊(zhuang)、范村(cun)。東(dong)(dong)到萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)荊淮村(cun)、西(xi)到南張(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)萬(wan)(wan)榮(rong)莊(zhuang)村(cun)、南到萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)柳家(jia)院(yuan)村(cun)、北到南張(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)太趙村(cun),經(jing)度35°21′36.6″--35°26′27.0″,緯(wei)度110°39′11.0″--110°49′49.3″產地(di)面積 894.6公頃,年產大蔥65000噸。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1.產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特色萬(wan)泉(quan)鄉以獨特的地理(li)優勢和氣候環境,養(yang)育(yu)著大蔥栽植有(you)(you)600年的歷(li)史,萬(wan)泉(quan)大蔥產(chan)量高、品(pin)(pin)質好、桿粗桿長、潔(jie)白鮮(xian)嫩,辣甜適度,營養(yang)豐富、健脾養(yang)胃、耐貯宜存、上市期長,也是人們吃(chi)飯不可缺少的調味品(pin)(pin)。萬(wan)泉(quan)大蔥中(zhong)的糖、粗纖維、粗蛋白、鈣(gai)、鋅、鐵、蘋果酸等多(duo)種礦(kuang)物質及微量元素含量均居國家(jia)同類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)之(zhi)首(shou),具有(you)(you)極大的藥用價值,有(you)(you)健康(kang)、養(yang)胃、解熱發汗,補虛助陽等特殊功(gong)效。其中(zhong)鉀144-167mg/100g,維生素C17-21mg/100g,鈣(gai)29-33mg/100g,磷30-37mg/100g,鎂8-11mg/100g。
2. 產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全規定(ding):嚴(yan)格按照農(nong)委統一(yi)印制(zhi)(zhi)的農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄建立地(di)理標(biao)志農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)“萬泉”牌萬泉大(da)蔥的生(sheng)產(chan)檔案,詳細記(ji)錄投入品(pin)的采購地(di)、名稱(cheng)、用(yong)量(liang)方法、注(zhu)意事項等,并(bing)(bing)對各(ge)個(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)所采取的技術措施嚴(yan)格按照標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)技術規程進(jin)行并(bing)(bing)做(zuo)好記(ji)錄。對每批(pi)商品(pin)要嚴(yan)格執行巡檢(jian)和抽樣檢(jian)查(cha),并(bing)(bing)按農(nong)戶編號(hao)做(zuo)好登記(ji),嚴(yan)格執行嚴(yan)格準(zhun)出和市場(chang)準(zhun)入制(zhi)(zhi)度。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
萬泉(quan)大(da)蔥在生(sheng)產地塊選擇、品(pin)種(zhong)選擇、栽植(zhi)、土肥水管(guan)理、病蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治 收獲等(deng)生(sheng)產過程中嚴(yan)格執行無公害(hai)大(da)蔥標準化(hua)生(sheng)產技(ji)術操作(zuo)規程
1.產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)選擇產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)條(tiao)件符合《無公害食品(pin)蔬菜產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件》(NY5010-2002)的要(yao)求(qiu)。產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)遠離“工業三廢”污(wu)染(ran)源2km以(yi)上,且離醫院(yuan)、學校、居民區、公路(lu)主干(gan)線(xian)500m以(yi)上,空氣良好(hao)的地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)作為產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。
2.品種選擇及生產過程管理:育苗育苗方式:露地育苗。品種選擇:選用優質、抗病、高產的品種,如:章丘大蔥、萬泉牌1號、家祿1號等。種子質量:應選用當年新種子,符合GB8079種子標準。用種量:每667m2用種3kg-4kg。種子處理:用55℃溫水攪拌浸種20分鐘-30分鐘,或用0.2%高錳酸鉀溶液浸種20分鐘-30分鐘,撈出洗凈晾干后播種。育苗床準備:選地勢平坦,排灌方便,土質肥沃,近三年未種過蔥蒜類蔬菜的地塊。結合整地每667m2施腐熟有機肥3000公斤左右,適量施入氮磷肥,淺耕細耙,整平作畦。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong):在9月(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬進(jin)行(xing)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong),先澆(jiao)足底(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲(shen)后(hou)(hou)將種(zhong)子(zi)均勻播(bo)(bo)撒(sa)與床面(mian),覆(fu)細土(tu)(tu)0.8cm-1.0cm。苗期(qi)管理(li):苗出齊后(hou)(hou),保持土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)見干見濕(shi)(shi),適當(dang)控制水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei),上(shang)凍前澆(jiao)一次凍水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。翌年春季土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)解凍后(hou)(hou)及時澆(jiao)返青水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),幼苗返青后(hou)(hou)結(jie)合(he)(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)每(mei)667m2追(zhui)施(shi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(N)4kg(折尿素8.7kg)。間苗1-2次,苗距3cm-4cm見方,定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前7天(tian)-10天(tian)停止澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前準備前茬:為非(fei)蔥蒜類蔬菜(cai)。整地(di)(di)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei):地(di)(di)面(mian)撒(sa)施(shi)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)殺(sha)蟲劑(ji),噴打氟樂靈除草(cao)劑(ji),施(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei),每(mei)667m2撒(sa)施(shi)優質有機肥(fei)(fei)3000公斤左右(缺少農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei),可用腐植(zhi)(zhi)酸肥(fei)(fei)100-200kg),氮肥(fei)(fei)(N)3kg(折尿素6.5kg),過磷(lin)酸鈣50kg,然后(hou)(hou)用鏇耕器鏇好地(di)(di)待栽。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)期(qi):4月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬、5月(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬密度(du):每(mei)667m212000株(zhu)-22000株(zhu),行(xing)株(zhu)距60cm-80cm×5cm-7cm。方法:蔥苗要(yao)(yao)分(fen)級,按大、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小(xiao)苗分(fen)開(kai)(kai)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。用犁(li)開(kai)(kai)溝,人工插,在開(kai)(kai)好的(de)蔥溝內,將蔥苗插入溝底(di)(di),深度(du)以下(xia)(xia)埋住五(wu)杈股為宜,兩(liang)邊壓(ya)實(shi)后(hou)(hou)再澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)管理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕除草(cao):定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)緩苗后(hou)(hou),天(tian)氣逐漸(jian)進(jin)入炎熱夏季,植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)處于(yu)半(ban)休(xiu)眠狀態,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕保墑,清除雜(za)草(cao),雨(yu)后(hou)(hou)及時排(pai)出田間積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)管理(li):進(jin)入8月(yue)份,大蔥開(kai)(kai)始旺盛生長,要(yao)(yao)保持土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)濕(shi)(shi)潤,逐漸(jian)增加澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)次數和加大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量,收獲前7天(tian)-10天(tian)停止澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui);追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)品(pin)種(zhong)以尿素、硫酸銨為主,結(jie)合(he)(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),分(fen)別(bie)于(yu)立秋、白露兩(liang)個節氣,每(mei)667m2追(zhui)施(shi)尿素10-15kg。生長中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)還可用0.5%磷(lin)酸二氫(qing)鉀溶液、氨基酸葉面(mian)肥(fei)(fei)等葉面(mian)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)2-3次。培土(tu)(tu):為軟化蔥白,防(fang)止倒伏,要(yao)(yao)結(jie)合(he)(he)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、雨(yu)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)行(xing)4次培土(tu)(tu)。將行(xing)間的(de)潮濕(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)盡(jin)量培到(dao)蔥稈(gan)兩(liang)側并拍實(shi),以不(bu)埋住五(wu)杈股為宜。
3.產(chan)品收(shou)獲(huo)及產(chan)后處理規定收(shou)獲(huo)時(shi)期:據(ju)市場(chang)需要(yao),隨時(shi)收(shou)獲(huo)上(shang)市。收(shou)獲(huo)方式(shi):收(shou)獲(huo)大蔥(cong)時(shi),可用(yong)(yong)鐵鍬將(jiang)蔥(cong)壟(long)一側挖活,露出蔥(cong)白后再用(yong)(yong)手輕拔(ba)(ba),切忌(ji)猛拔(ba)(ba),猛拔(ba)(ba)蔥(cong)白、拉斷莖(jing)盤或斷根而降低商品質量。收(shou)獲(huo)后的(de)大蔥(cong)應(ying)抖凈泥土(tu),攤放在(zai)(zai)地(di)里(li),鋪成(cheng)一排,在(zai)(zai)地(di)里(li)晾曬2-3天。待葉片柔軟(ruan),須根和(he)蔥(cong)白表層半干(gan)時(shi),除去枯葉,分級捆綁,每捆5kg-10kg。在(zai)(zai)大蔥(cong)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)過程中,嚴把(ba)各個(ge)關口,確保產(chan)品質量合格(ge)。在(zai)(zai)大蔥(cong)收(shou)獲(huo)前,要(yao)組織(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)驗人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)產(chan)品進行農藥殘留速測(ce)。注重檢(jian)(jian)驗人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)業務(wu)素(su)質的(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),思(si)想(xiang)覺悟(wu)的(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),要(yao)求檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抱(bao)著對(dui)人(ren)民健康(kang)高(gao)(gao)度負(fu)責(ze)的(de)精神,對(dui)每個(ge)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)數據(ju)負(fu)責(ze),減少人(ren)為誤差。不斷地(di)對(dui)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)加強培訓(xun),外出參觀(guan),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)掌握先進的(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)技術,確保人(ren)民群眾的(de)身體健康(kang)。
4. 生(sheng)產記(ji)錄要(yao)求:化(hua)肥農藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)情況化(hua)肥、農藥(yao)具體(ti)使(shi)用(yong)辦法:三(san)氟氯氰,6月份(fen)和8月份(fen)各噴一次,2.5%的三(san)氟氯氫菊酯2000-3000倍液,防治(zhi)大(da)(da)蔥薊馬(ma)、大(da)(da)蔥斑潛蠅(ying)。阿(a)維菌素,9月(yue)份用1.8%阿(a)維菌素乳油3-4.5PPM噴霧,防治(zhi)大(da)蔥斑(ban)潛蠅。代森錳鋅,9月(yue)中旬開始每(mei)隔15天噴一次(ci)(ci)1000-1500倍液連噴2-3次(ci)(ci),防治(zhi)霜霉病、灰霉病。氟樂靈,用48%的氟樂靈除草劑在4月底到5月初(chu)兌(dui)水進行噴灑地面(mian)。過磷酸(suan)鈣,作(zuo)為基肥(fei)(fei),畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)50公斤(jin)。尿素,作(zuo)為追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei),7月(yue)中(zhong)旬、8月(yue)下旬畝追(zhui)15公斤(jin)左右(you)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)嚴(yan)格(ge)按照國家頒布的(de)(de)(de)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)合理使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則》和(he)(he)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)安全使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)執行(xing)》,在生(sheng)(sheng)產上不(bu)(bu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)國家明令禁止(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。如:甲(jia)胺磷、久效(xiao)磷、對(dui)硫(liu)磷、甲(jia)基對(dui)硫(liu)磷和(he)(he)磷胺等(deng)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)要(yao)有(you)專(zhuan)人(ren)負責登記(ji)保(bao)(bao)管,保(bao)(bao)管人(ren)員核對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量、品(pin)種和(he)(he)“三(san)證(zheng)”后,方可(ke)(ke)入(ru)庫。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在技術人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)指導下適(shi)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),對(dui)癥(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),交替施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。嚴(yan)格(ge)掌握農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)安全間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期,及時(shi)(shi)做好農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)檔案記(ji)錄(lu)。嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)肥(fei)(fei)料合理使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則。根(gen)(gen)據土(tu)壤(rang)化(hua)驗成果配方施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)原則:以(yi)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)為主,以(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)為主,追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)為輔,盡量限制(zhi)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。對(dui)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)種類、來源使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)情(qing)況要(yao)做詳細記(ji)錄(lu)。使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)“三(san)證(zheng)”俱全的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin),不(bu)(bu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)城市生(sheng)(sheng)活垃圾,施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)必須經過腐熟無害化(hua)處理方可(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)污水(shui)灌溉大(da)蔥(cong),杜絕一切有(you)害物質進入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)。病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物理防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):用(yong)(yong)糖(tang)、醋、酒、水(shui)、敵百(bai)蟲(chong)晶體按3:3:1:10:0.5的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例配成溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),裝入(ru)小瓶中(zhong),支撐于田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian),保(bao)(bao)持不(bu)(bu)干,誘殺蔥(cong)蠅(ying)等(deng)害蟲(chong)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):霜霉病(bing)發(fa)病(bing)初期噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)70%代森(sen)錳(meng)鋅可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)1000-1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或75%百(bai)菌清可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),隔(ge)7-10天(tian)(tian)1次,連(lian)續防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2-3次。銹病(bing)發(fa)病(bing)初期噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)15%三(san)唑酮可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)2000-2500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),隔(ge)10天(tian)(tian)左右(you)1次,連(lian)續防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2-3次。紫斑(ban)病(bing)發(fa)病(bing)初期噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)75%百(bai)菌清可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)500-600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或70%代森(sen)錳(meng)鋅1000-1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或50%撲(pu)海因可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),隔(ge)7-10天(tian)(tian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)1次,連(lian)續防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3-4次,均有(you)較好的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。黑斑(ban)病(bing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)75%百(bai)菌清可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或50%撲(pu)海因可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),隔(ge)7-10天(tian)(tian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)1次,連(lian)續防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3-4次。灰霉病(bing)用(yong)(yong)50%撲(pu)海因1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或70%代森(sen)錳(meng)鋅1000-1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。蔥(cong)地種蠅(ying)在成蟲(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)期,用(yong)(yong)2.5%三(san)氟氯氰乳油(you)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)打,也可(ke)(ke)對(dui)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)地蛆蔥(cong)田(tian)(tian)毒死蜱乳油(you)800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)灌根(gen)(gen)。蔥(cong)斑(ban)潛蠅(ying)用(yong)(yong)1.8%阿維菌素乳油(you)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。蔥(cong)薊(ji)馬可(ke)(ke)選用(yong)(yong)3%的(de)(de)(de)啶蟲(chong)脒乳油(you)2000-3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或0.26%苦參堿(jian)1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),進行(xing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)打防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。