一.產品介紹
連(lian)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)韭(jiu)菜分布(bu)于山(shan)西省南部河津(jin)市(shi)陽(yang)村鄉的連(lian)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)村、永安村、太陽(yang)村、郭家(jia)莊村、峻嶺村5個行政村,地(di)域保護(hu)范(fan)圍東經110°32′16″~110°32′20″,北緯35°08′18″~35°08′22″,認證(zheng)面積2000公頃,年產量12萬噸。 連(lian)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)韭(jiu)菜種植歷(li)史悠(you)久(jiu),根壯(zhuang)葉肥、葉皮(pi)寬厚無絲(si)、白桿粗(cu)長,吃(chi)起來辣中帶甜,清香可口,非常(chang)清脆,一(yi)掐就斷不(bu)帶絲(si)。經鑒定,連(lian)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)韭(jiu)菜每100克含蛋白質2.40-2.94g、脂肪0.40-0.49g、碳水(shui)化合物(wu)3.32-4.60g、膳(shan)食纖維1.24-1.40g。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌(mao):土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)性(xing),PH值8.19,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)形成(cheng)和(he)(he)分布因過去(qu)受河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泛濫,造成(cheng)耕地(di)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主要有兩大(da)(da)類(lei),其中(zhong)優質(zhi)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)腰粘(zhan)耕種淺(qian)色草(cao)甸土(tu))表土(tu)砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)易耕種,粘(zhan)土(tu)層能托(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)托(tuo)肥(fei),阻隔鹽分的(de)占70%以上;較差土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(通體砂(sha)土(tu)耕種淺(qian)色草(cao)甸土(tu))土(tu)層松散(san)、無結構,通透性(xing)強,保(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥(fei)性(xing)差的(de)約(yue)30%。據土(tu)肥(fei)站測定,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)養分平(ping)均值:有機質(zhi)達(da)到18.33g/kg,全N0.73/kg,堿解氮(dan)57.69mg/kg,速P14.23mg/kg,速K251.92mg/kg;有效銅(tong)1.22 mg/kg,有效鋅(xin)1.59mg/kg,水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶態硼1.14mg/kg,有效硫29.00mg/kg。特殊的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)適(shi)合生產韭菜(cai),無可(ke)替代(dai)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)(kuang):河(he)(he)津市黃河(he)(he)灘地(di)處(chu)汾、黃兩河(he)(he)交匯處(chu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積大(da)(da),地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐富(fu)(fu),井灌發達(da),灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)均符合無公害(hai)食品相應(ying)標(biao)準的(de)要求,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)質(zhi)量合格(ge),極(ji)有利于優質(zhi)韭菜(cai)生產。氣候(hou)(hou)情況(kuang)(kuang):河(he)(he)津黃河(he)(he)灘地(di)處(chu)華(hua)北高原(yuan),位于山(shan)西(xi)省南部 ,地(di)勢平(ping)坦(tan),南靠黃土(tu)高原(yuan)坡式地(di)帶,北依呂(lv)梁(liang)山(shan)末端(duan)禹門口(kou),屬大(da)(da)陸溫(wen)(wen)帶季風氣候(hou)(hou),四季分明、光、熱(re)資源豐富(fu)(fu),平(ping)均海拔(ba)360米(mi),境(jing)內氣候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he)(he),年均氣溫(wen)(wen)14度, 晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差13℃,一(yi)月平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)4度,最(zui)熱(re)月份七月平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)27度,年均降雨(yu)量550毫米(mi),全年≥10℃可(ke)利用(yong)積溫(wen)(wen)在3830—4060℃之間,無霜期200天。年平(ping)均日照時(shi)數2060.6小時(shi),光熱(re)資源豐富(fu)(fu),晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差較大(da)(da),自(zi)然條(tiao)件獨特,是韭菜(cai)生長的(de)優勢區域。
三.地域范圍
根據《農產品(pin)地理(li)(li)標志登(deng)記管理(li)(li)辦法(fa)》的(de)規定以及連伯韭菜特有(you)的(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態環境條件(jian),在廣泛征求意見的(de)基礎上,劃定市(shi)連伯韭菜地理(li)(li)標志地域(yu)保(bao)護范(fan)圍:位于山西省(sheng)南部河(he)津市(shi)陽(yang)村鄉的(de)連伯村、永安村,太陽(yang)村,郭家莊村、峻嶺村5個行政村。總生(sheng)(sheng)產面積2000公頃,年總產量(liang)為12萬噸。保(bao)護范(fan)圍位于東經110°32′16〞-110°32′20〞,北緯35°8′18〞-35°8′22〞,南北長7公里,東西寬9公里。
四.產品品質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特(te)(te)色外觀特(te)(te)征連(lian)(lian)伯(bo)韭菜(cai)(cai)位(wei)于(yu)黃河灘(tan)沙(sha)地(di)(di)(di),加上其獨特(te)(te)的(de)種植技術(shu)(shu),使連(lian)(lian)伯(bo)韭菜(cai)(cai)不同于(yu)其它地(di)(di)(di)方(fang),吃(chi)起來辣中帶甜,清香可口,非常清脆,一掐(qia)就斷不帶絲,已經(jing)形成“連(lian)(lian)伯(bo)韭菜(cai)(cai)”的(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優勢。連(lian)(lian)伯(bo)韭菜(cai)(cai)根(gen)壯葉肥、葉皮寬厚無(wu)絲、白桿粗長(chang)。內在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)經(jing)鑒定,連(lian)(lian)伯(bo)韭菜(cai)(cai)每00克含總(zong)膳食(shi)纖維≥3.2-4.9 g、鈣9.0-4.0毫克、磷8.0-4.0毫克、鐵(tie)2.4-3.0毫克。韭菜(cai)(cai)有(you)補肝、腎之功能,號稱(cheng)(cheng)“壯陽草”。另外,韭菜(cai)(cai)中含有(you)大量(liang)的(de)鈣、磷、鐵(tie)、膳食(shi)纖維和(he)維生(sheng)素c,尤其是維生(sheng)素c的(de)含量(liang)是西紅柿四倍,多(duo)吃(chi)韭菜(cai)(cai),有(you)利于(yu)健康。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安全規范嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)GB485農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥安全使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)GB/T8所有(you)部分(fen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥合理使用(yong)準(zhun)則嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)GB8079農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物種子嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)辦質(zhi)【2012】8號無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)韭菜(cai)(cai)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)NY500無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)蔬菜(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境條件規范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄(lu),完善檔案,做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)檢測嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)按照農(nong)(nong)(nong)委統一印制的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)建立(li)地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)連(lian)(lian)伯(bo)韭菜(cai)(cai)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)檔案,詳細記錄(lu)投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)的(de)采購地(di)(di)(di)、名稱(cheng)(cheng)、用(yong)量(liang)方(fang)法、注意事項等,并(bing)(bing)對各個生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)環節所采取的(de)技術(shu)(shu)措施嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)按照無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術(shu)(shu)規程進行(xing)并(bing)(bing)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)記錄(lu)。對每批(pi)商品(pin)(pin)要嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)巡(xun)檢和(he)抽(chou)樣檢查,并(bing)(bing)按農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶編號做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)登記,嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)準(zhun)出(chu)和(he)市場準(zhun)入(ru)制度。
五.特定(ding)生產方式
連伯韭菜(cai)在地(di)塊選(xuan)擇、品種選(xuan)擇、栽培(pei)、肥水(shui)管理、病(bing)蟲害防治和(he)割菜(cai)、包裝等生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)中嚴格執行無公害韭菜(cai)標準化生(sheng)產(chan)技術操作(zuo)規程(cheng)。
1.產(chan)地選擇與特殊內容規(gui)定選擇平整地塊,中等肥(fei)力土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(有機質(zhi)10g/kg—20g/kg,全氮(dan)0.7g/kg—1.2g/kg,有效磷10mg/kg—20mg/kg,速效鉀100mg/kg—200mg/kg)每667平方(fang)米撒施腐熟的優質(zhi)農家肥(fei)6000kg、氮(dan)、磷、鉀(15:15:15)復合肥(fei)50kg做(zuo)底肥(fei),精(jing)耕細作,使土(tu)(tu)肥(fei)均勻,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)細碎。做(zuo)畦一般寬1.8m—2m,長度因地而定。
2.品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)定要(yao)求選(xuan)用(yong)耐寒(han)、耐熱、抗病、分株力強、產量高、商品性好的優良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),拱棚和日(ri)光溫室栽培(pei)應選(xuan)擇(ze)休眠期(qi)短(duan)的品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。如連伯紅根韭、寒(han)青、平韭2號、高桿環等。選(xuan)晴好天(tian)(tian)氣,曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1天(tian)(tian),每667平方(fang)米用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1kg—1.5kg。在(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前4天(tian)(tian)—5天(tian)(tian),把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子放入10%磷酸(suan)三鈉溶液(ye)中浸泡(pao)20min,撈出洗(xi)凈,然(ran)后再在(zai)30℃—40℃溫水(shui)(shui)中攪拌,使水(shui)(shui)溫降至15℃—18℃,消(xiao)除(chu)癟籽,浸泡(pao)24h(中途換水(shui)(shui)1次—2次)。出水(shui)(shui)時搓洗(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,稍晾干(gan)后用(yong)濕布包裹,放在(zai)15℃—18℃的地方(fang)催(cui)芽,每天(tian)(tian)用(yong)清水(shui)(shui)淘洗(xi),經2天(tian)(tian)—3天(tian)(tian)胚根伸出。
3.生(sheng)(sheng)產過程管(guan)(guan)理(li)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong):采(cai)用(yong)撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)和(he)條(tiao)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)口墑好(hao)。撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)將種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)均(jun)勻播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)于畦(qi)內,秧苗(miao)(miao)整(zheng)齊(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致,條(tiao)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)將種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)行距10cm—12cm,寬(kuan)2cm,深(shen)1.5cm—2cm的淺(qian)溝中(zhong),便于管(guan)(guan)理(li)。化學除(chu)草(cao):種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)30%除(chu)草(cao)通乳油100—150ml,噴灑封閉除(chu)草(cao)。幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)管(guan)(guan)理(li):前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)促苗(miao)(miao),后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)蹲苗(miao)(miao);清除(chu)雜草(cao);輕(qing)澆(jiao)、勤澆(jiao),保持見干見濕,加強肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)理(li);結合(he)(he)(he)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)667平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)尿素8kg—10kg;人工拔草(cao)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci);防治韭(jiu)(jiu)蛆(qu);定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)不收(shou)割(ge)(ge),以(yi)促進壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)養(yang)根(gen)(gen)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與作畦(qi),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)要做到有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)無機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配(pei)合(he)(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)。每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)充分(fen)腐熟的圈肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)6000kg,氮、磷(lin)、鉀(15:15:15)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50kg,施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)整(zheng)地作畦(qi),畦(qi)寬(kuan)因栽培(pei)習慣和(he)薄(bo)膜幅寬(kuan)而異。韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)間,根(gen)(gen)據播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)和(he)幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)大小而定(ding)(ding)(ding),韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)株(zhu)高(gao)18cm—20cm時(shi)(shi)為定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的適(shi)期(qi)(qi)。春播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)大約在(zai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)70天—80天定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)第(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian)清明以(yi)后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。選擇壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao),淘汰弱苗(miao)(miao);合(he)(he)(he)理(li)密植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)行距20cm、穴距12cm—15cm,每(mei)(mei)穴10株(zhu)左(zuo)右(you);適(shi)當(dang)(dang)深(shen)栽,覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)深(shen)度(du)以(yi)葉(xie)鞘(qiao)露出(chu)地面2cm—3cm為宜(不埋(mai)住分(fen)蘗(bo)節,)隨著(zhu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)長和(he)根(gen)(gen)系上移逐漸封土(tu)(tu)(tu),防止跳(tiao)根(gen)(gen)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)的管(guan)(guan)理(li):澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)8次(ci)(ci)(ci)—12次(ci)(ci)(ci),以(yi)保證幼(you)(you)株(zhu)成活(huo)。中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)當(dang)(dang)幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)發生(sheng)(sheng)新根(gen)(gen)新葉(xie)時(shi)(shi),再澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)。后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)葉(xie)片生(sheng)(sheng)長的最適(shi)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),分(fen)蘗(bo)力強,生(sheng)(sheng)長旺盛(sheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)7天—10天澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)。封凍(dong)(dong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)澆(jiao)足封凍(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)當(dang)(dang)年(nian)(nian)著(zhu)重“養(yang)根(gen)(gen)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)秧”,不收(shou)割(ge)(ge),如有(you)韭(jiu)(jiu)花應(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),在(zai)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)葉(xie)片生(sheng)(sheng)長旺盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi),結合(he)(he)(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)尿素10kg—15kg,著(zhu)重養(yang)根(gen)(gen)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)棵。農(nong)事操作,蹲苗(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)耕1次(ci)(ci)(ci),深(shen)度(du)3cm,雨(yu)季連(lian)續中(zhong)耕2次(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)人工清除(chu)田間雜草(cao)。第(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian)及(ji)(ji)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)的管(guan)(guan)理(li) :澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),春季及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)返(fan)青(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),夏(xia)季減(jian)少澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),注意防澇(lao),秋(qiu)季每(mei)(mei)7天—10天澆(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),封凍(dong)(dong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)足封凍(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)收(shou)割(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宜二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)隨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)收(shou)割(ge)(ge)后(hou)(hou)3天—4天,新葉(xie)長出(chu)后(hou)(hou)施(shi)(shi)入,量宜小,當(dang)(dang)葉(xie)子(zi)長到12cm左(zuo)右(you),再追(zhui)(zhui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),量可以(yi)稍大。忌收(shou)割(ge)(ge)后(hou)(hou)立即(ji)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),引(yin)起肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)危害。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)氮、磷(lin)、鉀(15:15:15)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg,或烏金膏沖(chong)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10—15升。夏(xia)季控制追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。秋(qiu)季結合(he)(he)(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),每(mei)(mei)兩(liang)(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或腐熟人糞(fen)尿,每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)氮、磷(lin)、鉀(15:15:15)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg,或烏金膏沖(chong)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10—15升。農(nong)事操作,返(fan)青(qing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),及(ji)(ji)早清除(chu)雜草(cao)及(ji)(ji)枯枝(zhi)爛(lan)葉(xie),耬平(ping)(ping)(ping)畦(qi)面,整(zheng)理(li)畦(qi)埂(geng)。中(zhong)耕松(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu),隨著(zhu)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)的生(sheng)(sheng)長,出(chu)現跳(tiao)根(gen)(gen),應(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu),每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)厚度(du)2cm左(zuo)右(you)。及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)幼(you)(you)嫩花苔(tai),在(zai)雨(yu)季應(ying)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防澇(lao)。
4.產品收(shou)(shou)獲及產后處理規(gui)定(ding)收(shou)(shou)獲:當株(zhu)高30cm—50cm;平(ping)均單株(zhu)有5片—6片葉,每茬生育(yu)期25天以上(shang),春韭(jiu)從(cong)返青到第一(yi)刀(dao)約需50天,第二刀(dao)30天左右。為便于包(bao)裝運輸,收(shou)(shou)割(ge)(ge)韭(jiu)菜宜在傍晚進行(xing)。收(shou)(shou)韭(jiu)菜刀(dao)口距地表應貼(tie)地表收(shou)(shou)割(ge)(ge),每次收(shou)(shou)割(ge)(ge)后用耙(pa)子把地耙(pa)一(yi)遍(bian),3天后韭(jiu)菜傷口愈合,新葉即(ji)將(jiang)出時澆水追(zhui)肥。
5.病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):病(bing)(bing)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)掌握預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為主、綜合治(zhi)(zhi)理的原則,播種(zhong)(zhong)前應(ying)清(qing)除田(tian)間(jian)雜(za)草和(he)枯枝爛(lan)葉(xie),種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)前進(jin)行消毒(du);增施有機肥(fei),及(ji)(ji)時澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)追肥(fei),補(bu)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei),少施氮(dan)肥(fei),養好茬(cha);拱棚溫室栽(zai)培(pei)注意通風(feng)排濕(shi);應(ying)用(yong)(yong)無滴(di)膜或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)及(ji)(ji)時除霧滴(di),降低(di)濕(shi)度。灰霉(mei)病(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):澆(jiao)地前后(hou)各噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)打一次(ci)25%菌思奇預防(fang)(fang)(fang),每(mei)畝100ml兌(dui)水(shui)(shui)30—50公(gong)斤(jin);拱棚發(fa)病(bing)(bing)初(chu)期(qi)每(mei)667平(ping)方米用(yong)(yong)10%腐霉(mei)利煙劑300g熏蒸一夜。發(fa)病(bing)(bing)初(chu)每(mei)隔5天(tian)—7天(tian)用(yong)(yong)25%菌思奇+50%速克(ke)(ke)靈(福美利)混合噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)打,每(mei)次(ci)收(shou)后(hou)蓋(gai)土前都要(yao)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen),也可交替(ti)使用(yong)(yong)50%速克(ke)(ke)靈或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)50%撲海因1000—1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)施家樂(le)(le)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)65%硫(liu)菌霉(mei)可濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧。疫病(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為主。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施50%甲(jia)霜銅(tong)可濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)72.2%普(pu)力克(ke)(ke)水(shui)(shui)劑800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)72%霜霉(mei)威(wei)水(shui)(shui)劑800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)60%琥乙磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鋁(lv)可濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)隔8天(tian)—10天(tian)一次(ci),連續防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)2次(ci)—3次(ci)。收(shou)獲(huo)前15天(tian)停(ting)止(zhi)用(yong)(yong)藥。韭蛆防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):播前 播前每(mei)畝撒入(ru)1.1苦(ku)參(can)堿粉(fen)劑3公(gong)斤(jin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)2%二(er)嗪磷(lin)(lin)(lin)顆粒劑2公(gong)斤(jin),再耕翻,持效期(qi)長(chang)。成蟲(chong)羽(yu)化盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi):(4月中(zhong)下(xia)旬,6月上旬,7月中(zhong)下(xia)旬及(ji)(ji)10月中(zhong)),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)40%辛硫(liu)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)菊(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)類農(nong)藥如2.5%敵(di)殺(sha)死(si)(si)2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。上午(wu)9時—11時噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)藥效果最好。收(shou)獲(huo)前15天(tian)停(ting)止(zhi)用(yong)(yong)藥。灌(guan)根(gen):苗期(qi)韭蛆防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)結合灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)行。每(mei)667平(ping)方米用(yong)(yong)1.3%苦(ku)參(can)堿水(shui)(shui)劑3kg—4kg,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)40%毒(du)死(si)(si)椑1000ml,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)50%二(er)嗪磷(lin)(lin)(lin)乳油1000ml,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)40%辛硫(liu)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)乳油1000ml,先用(yong)(yong)去掉噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭的噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧器順(shun)韭菜根(gen)部灌(guan)藥,隨后(hou)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。在(zai)(zai)韭菜收(shou)割(ge)2天(tian)—3天(tian)后(hou),隨第二(er)次(ci)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)上述方法(fa)灌(guan)根(gen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)25%愛卡(ka)士乳油1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)47%樂(le)(le)斯本乳油500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)潑澆(jiao)。潛(qian)葉(xie)蠅防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):在(zai)(zai)產卵盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)至幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)卵孵化初(chu)期(qi),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)75%滅(mie)蠅胺5000—7000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)2.5%溴(xiu)氰菊(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)等菊(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)類農(nong)藥1500—2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。薊馬防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):在(zai)(zai)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)10%吡(bi)蟲(chong)啉4000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)3%啶蟲(chong)脒(mi)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)20%丁硫(liu)克(ke)(ke)百威(wei)2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。