一.產品介紹
解放初期,烏蘭縣飼(si)養(yang)的綿羊(yang)(yang)品(pin)種為(wei)蒙系(xi)羊(yang)(yang)及(ji)少量蒙、藏(zang)系(xi)混血(xue)羊(yang)(yang)。該品(pin)種羊(yang)(yang)體質健壯(zhuang),適應性強(qiang),耐粗(cu)料(liao),所產羊(yang)(yang)毛(mao)為(wei)較(jiao)好的地(di)(di)毯(tan)毛(mao)原(yuan)料(liao),但生產性能低(di),為(wei)支援國家毛(mao)紡工業,提高(gao)養(yang)殖效益,改善牧(mu)(mu)區人(ren)(ren)民(min)生活。烏蘭縣從1956年開始進(jin)(jin)(jin)行綿羊(yang)(yang)改良工作(zuo),首(shou)先在茶卡地(di)(di)區推廣,主要引進(jin)(jin)(jin)的父系(xi)品(pin)種有新(xin)疆細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)、茨蓋半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)、英國和(he)新(xin)西蘭羅姆(mu)尼—瑪許(xu)半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)。1987年6月(yue)15日,青(qing)(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)農牧(mu)(mu)廳和(he)省(sheng)科委共同(tong)組織(zhi)省(sheng)內外養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)專家到(dao)烏蘭縣茶卡鎮(zhen)牧(mu)(mu)區進(jin)(jin)(jin)行了(le)現場鑒(jian)定驗收。同(tong)年8月(yue)6日,青(qing)(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府決定命名培(pei)育的半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)為(wei)“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)高(gao)原(yuan)毛(mao)肉兼用半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)”新(xin)品(pin)種。2014年由烏蘭縣那仁生態畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業專業合作(zuo)社將(jiang)“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)高(gao)原(yuan)毛(mao)肉兼用半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)”成功申報(bao)國家農產品(pin)地(di)(di)理標志,登記(ji)名稱為(wei)“烏蘭茶卡羊(yang)(yang)”。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情(qing)況(kuang):烏(wu)蘭境內的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤主要是:高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)寒漠土(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)草(cao)原土(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)灌叢草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰棕(zong)漠土(tu)(tu)(tu)、棕(zong)鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)及沼(zhao)澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)等九種土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型。烏(wu)蘭縣地勢西北高(gao)(gao)(gao)東南低(di),形成(cheng)波浪形狹(xia)長傾斜走(zou)向,四周(zhou)環山(shan),中間平坦,屬山(shan)間盆地。平均海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)4000米(mi)以左右(you)。最高(gao)(gao)(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)為哇洪(hong)山(shan),海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)5031米(mi),最底為素(su)楞郭勒(le),海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)2725米(mi),相對(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)差2306米(mi),水(shui)平和垂直方向的(de)(de)變化十分顯著,為典型的(de)(de)立體地形。
2、水文情況:烏蘭縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)均(jun)為(wei)內(nei)陸水系,較大河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有5條(tiao),地(di)表(biao)徑流(liu)(liu)主要來(lai)源于(yu)山(shan)(shan)區降(jiang)水和高山(shan)(shan)融(rong)雪(xue)、融(rong)凍水。境(jing)內(nei)地(di)表(biao)水多年平(ping)均(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)量2.09億(yi)(yi)(yi)立方米,其中(zhong)希賽(sai)盆地(di)0.99億(yi)(yi)(yi)立方米,茶卡(ka)盆地(di)1.1億(yi)(yi)(yi)立方米。河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)礦化(hua)度為(wei)0.2-0.7克/升,PH值為(wei)7.5-8,地(di)表(biao)水水質良,對人(ren)體有害(hai)物質均(jun)未超標。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)地勢高峻,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)干燥,冬季(ji)漫長,干燥寒冷,春季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)回升快,夏季(ji)短(duan)暫溫(wen)涼,秋(qiu)季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)逐漸(jian)變冷,全(quan)年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量少(shao),無霜期短(duan),日照充足,太陽(yang)輻射(she)強烈,晝夜溫(wen)差雨(yu)熱(re)同季(ji)。光照:烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)年(nian)平均日照2869-3113小時,年(nian)平均日照百分(fen)率為65%-70%,光照資源豐富,日照日期長,十分(fen)有利各種飼牧及草(cao)農作物(wu)的光和(he)作用。氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen):年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)1.6 OC -3.3OC,極(ji)端最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)達(da)30.7OC,極(ji)端最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-30.7OC,年(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)量182.4mm。
4、人文(wen)歷(li)史(shi)情況:烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省中部,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)跨西(xi)秦嶺華(hua)力(li)西(xi)—印支地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)槽(cao)褶皺(zhou)帶(dai)和東昆侖華(hua)力(li)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)槽(cao)褶皺(zhou)帶(dai)兩大(da)構造單(dan)元(yuan),北與(yu)祁連(lian)加里東褶皺(zhou)系相連(lian),南及(ji)柴達木坳陷(xian)北緣,烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)歷(li)史(shi)悠久,周秦時為(wei)羌人駐(zhu)牧地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。西(xi)漢元(yuan)始四年(nian)(nian)(nian),安漢公(gong)王莽在環湖地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)置(zhi)西(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)郡,今(jin)(jin)烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)西(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)郡轄。公(gong)元(yuan)4世紀初,成為(wei)吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾屬(shu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。隋(sui)大(da)業(ye)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(609),隨軍(jun)擊敗吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾,置(zhi)四郡,今(jin)(jin)烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)西(xi)郡宣德(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)轄,隋(sui)末,吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾復據地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。唐貞觀(guan)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(635)唐將(jiang)率(lv)兵擊敗吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾,今(jin)(jin)烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)成為(wei)唐朝(chao)藩(fan)屬(shu)。龍朔三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(663),吐(tu)(tu)蕃王國滅吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾據有其地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),今(jin)(jin)烏蘭(lan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)隸吐(tu)(tu)蕃臘城節(jie)度使。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)實行(xing)細(xi)毛(mao)種(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行(xing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang),當年(nian)(nian)(nian)引進高加索美利奴細(xi)毛(mao)種(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行(xing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang),向(xiang)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan),方(fang)(fang)法是簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)級(ji)進雜(za)交。1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)確定向(xiang)毛(mao)肉(rou)兼(jian)用半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)。1971年(nian)(nian)(nian),從青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省湖東種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場和安徽大(da)柳種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場引進英國和新(xin)西(xi)蘭(lan)羅姆(mu)尼(ni)——瑪許長毛(mao)型(xing)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行(xing)配(pei)種(zhong)。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)底,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)均實現(xian)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)雜(za)種(zhong)化(hua)。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,經(jing)省綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)委員會鑒定驗(yan)收(shou),重點綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)區(qu)巴音(yin)鄉(xiang)(現(xian)在與(yu)茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)鎮合(he)并(bing))的(de)(de)(de)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),達到(dao)(dao)和超(chao)過(guo)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)指標,通過(guo)驗(yan)收(shou)并(bing)被青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省人民政府命名為(wei)“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)高原(yuan)毛(mao)肉(rou)兼(jian)用半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”,因該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)最早在茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong),因此當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)老百姓稱其為(wei)“茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian),農業(ye)部將(jiang)烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)定為(wei)半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)商品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。育(yu)(yu)成的(de)(de)(de)羅茨新(xin)蒙型(xing)半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適應(ying)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高寒、干旱、缺氧的(de)(de)(de)自然環境,耐粗放管(guan)理(li),能(neng)登山(shan)遠牧,抓膘快,保膘好,有較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)抗病能(neng)力(li),遺傳(chuan)性能(neng)穩定。改(gai)(gai)革開放以來(lai),青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)高原(yuan)毛(mao)肉(rou)兼(jian)用半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang))得(de)到(dao)(dao)快速發(fa)展(zhan)。據統計,1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)欄15.84萬(wan)只,到(dao)(dao)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)欄25.23萬(wan)只。茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)現(xian)有茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)10萬(wan)只,其中能(neng)繁母(mu)畜6萬(wan)只,到(dao)(dao)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)底,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養量達到(dao)(dao)41.4萬(wan)只。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)通過(guo)招商引資組建了“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省高原(yuan)肉(rou)食品(pin)有限公(gong)司”,開展(zhan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)系列產(chan)品(pin)加工(gong)。已(yi)開發(fa)有“涮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)珍(zhen)”、“火(huo)鍋羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)串”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)餡”等系列產(chan)品(pin)。產(chan)品(pin)于2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)注冊“茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)洋”牌商標。經(jing)過(guo)幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)展(zhan),已(yi)初步形成生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、加工(gong)、銷售的(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)業(ye)鏈條,其發(fa)展(zhan)前(qian)景十分廣(guang)闊(kuo)。
三.地域范圍
烏蘭(lan)茶(cha)卡羊養(yang)殖地域保護范圍為青海省(sheng)烏蘭(lan)縣茶(cha)卡鎮境內。烏蘭(lan)地理(li)坐標為:東(dong)經99°01′至(zhi)(zhi)99°27′,北(bei)緯(wei)36°19′至(zhi)(zhi)36°20′東(dong)西寬(kuan)80公里(li)(li),南(nan)北(bei)長30公里(li)(li),幅員面積(ji)12858.16平方公里(li)(li)。產地適宜養(yang)植范圍東(dong)經98°54′至(zhi)(zhi)99°27′,北(bei)緯(wei)36°41′至(zhi)(zhi)36°50′,東(dong)西寬(kuan)80公里(li)(li),南(nan)北(bei)寬(kuan)70公里(li)(li),面積(ji)56平方公里(li)(li)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外(wai)在感(gan)官特征:青(qing)海高原毛肉(rou)兼用半(ban)細毛羊及半(ban)細毛羊改良(liang)(liang)羊的外(wai)貌特征因選配公羊而異。今(jin)茶(cha)卡地(di)區(qu)改良(liang)(liang)歷史較長,導入羅(luo)血(xue)后,半(ban)細毛羊及半(ban)細毛改良(liang)(liang)羊呈(cheng)(cheng)傾向羅(luo)姆尼——瑪許親本體態,身(shen)軀發育勻稱,頭(tou)短(duan)(duan)寬,額寬廣,鼻(bi)平(ping)直,嘴短(duan)(duan)而粗,肩胛和前驅結合良(liang)(liang)好,胸深而廣,筋骨開張良(liang)(liang)好,背平(ping)直,十字部(bu)寬平(ping),臀股部(bu)豐滿,肢偏短(duan)(duan),蹄(ti)堅實(shi),多呈(cheng)(cheng)淡(dan)黑(hei)色(se)。肉(rou)質鮮嫩、口味純(chun)(chun)正(zheng)、肥而不膩(ni)、滑而爽口、口感(gan)地(di)道純(chun)(chun)正(zheng),具滋補功效。是名副其實(shi)的純(chun)(chun)天(tian)然綠色(se)食品。
2、內在品質(zhi)指(zhi)標:羊肉品質(zhi)優,營(ying)養價值(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)高。水(shui)分≥65.0%,總(zong)蛋(dan)白(bai)22~28.0%(實(shi)際值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)28%);總(zong)脂肪4.0~5.5%(實(shi)際值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)6.0%);粗纖(xian)維≤0.15%(實(shi)際值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)0.1%);膽(dan)固(gu)醇≤700mg/kg;富含17種氨基酸(suan),氨基酸(suan)總(zong)量19.01%。
3、安全要求:衛生指標(biao)執行NY5147-2002《無公害食品羊肉(rou)》標(biao)準規定。
五(wu).特定(ding)生(sheng)產方式
1、產地(di)(di)(di)選擇與特殊內(nei)容規定:烏蘭茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)羊生(sheng)長在烏蘭縣(xian)茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)的原(yuan)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)中,生(sheng)長環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)具(ju)有(you)(you)獨特的氣(qi)候、純(chun)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)、無污(wu)染(ran)(ran)的優良天(tian)然(ran)(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質。境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)無工業污(wu)染(ran)(ran),土壤(rang)、空氣(qi)、水(shui)質均優,原(yuan)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)良好。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)以山地(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)類(lei)(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、高寒(han)(han)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)類(lei)(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、山地(di)(di)(di)荒漠類(lei)(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、高寒(han)(han)荒漠類(lei)(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、山地(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸類(lei)(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、高寒(han)(han)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸類(lei)(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、沼澤類(lei)(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場等(deng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場類(lei)(lei)(lei)型,植被多樣且豐富,有(you)(you)禾(he)本科(ke)、莎(sha)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)科(ke)、豆科(ke)、藜科(ke)、菊(ju)科(ke)等(deng)眾(zhong)多天(tian)然(ran)(ran)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)品(pin)種,主要(yao)優中等(deng)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)有(you)(you)紫花針茅、早熟禾(he)、垂穗(sui)披(pi)堿草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、扇穗(sui)冰草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、細葉(xie)苔、矮(ai)嵩草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、貝氏嵩草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、小(xiao)嵩草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、芨芨草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、賴(lai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、固沙草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、鹽瓜(gua)瓜(gua)、紅沙、豬毛菜、堿逢、檉柳、梭梭等(deng)。為放養茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)羊羊提(ti)供(gong)了豐富的飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)資(zi)源(yuan),農戶所用(yong)(yong)的補飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料、精料都是當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)產的秸稈、馬鈴薯和豆類(lei)(lei)(lei)籽實(shi)或粉碎(sui)料。全縣(xian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)、飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)、大(da)氣(qi)土壤(rang)均符合《環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)空氣(qi)質量標準》(GB3095)、《無公害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)畜禽飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)水(shui)質》(NY5027-2001)、《綠色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)產地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)技術條件》(NT/T391-2000)的要(yao)求,非常(chang)適(shi)合茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)羊生(sheng)產。
2、品種(zhong)選擇(ze)與特(te)定要求:茶卡羊(yang)是經過長期的自然選擇(ze)和(he)人工(gong)選育而成(cheng)(cheng)的,生產中選擇(ze)的羊(yang)符(fu)合以(yi)下(xia)特(te)征和(he)要求:體(ti)質堅(jian)實,頭較(jiao)(jiao)長,著生刺毛,頸較(jiao)(jiao)細(xi)長,前驅發育較(jiao)(jiao)差,肩(jian)胛部稍高(gao),背平或稍凹,斜尻,四(si)肢(zhi)高(gao)而健(jian)壯,蹄質堅(jian)實光滑,膝部和(he)大腿著生刺毛,公羊(yang)有(you)螺旋大角,母(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)角較(jiao)(jiao)細(xi)小(xiao),部分無角。成(cheng)(cheng)年母(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)體(ti)高(gao)比(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)高(gao)4%,比(bi)斷奶母(mu)(mu)(mu)羔高(gao)18.3%;比(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)高(gao)8.1%,比(bi)斷奶母(mu)(mu)(mu)羔高(gao)9.5%;胸圍比(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)羊(yang)高(gao)7.3%,比(bi)斷奶母(mu)(mu)(mu)羔高(gao)19.5%。公羊(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)年羊(yang)體(ti)高(gao)比(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)公羊(yang)高(gao)10.5%,體(ti)長高(gao)10.4%。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管理(li)(li)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi):采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)半放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)半舍飼(si)(si)(si)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi),夏秋兩(liang)(liang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),食(shi)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao),冬(dong)春(chun)(chun)兩(liang)(liang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)白天(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),晚(wan)(wan)上進(jin)行(xing)適(shi)(shi)(shi)當補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)。四(si)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)要求;選(xuan)擇放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)(di)應根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)對象、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)水平綜合思(si)考。春(chun)(chun)節草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang);放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)出牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)(yi)遲,歸(gui)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)(yi)早,中(zhong)午(wu)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)回圈(quan)(quan),使(shi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)(duo)吃(chi)些草(cao)(cao)(cao)以(yi)(yi)便(bian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)早恢(hui)復體力,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)抓膘創造條件。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防(fang)(fang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因“搶青(qing)”而(er)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腹瀉,由(you)(you)東(dong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)進(jin)入春(chun)(chun)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)應逐漸過(guo)渡,等羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)消(xiao)化(hua)器官適(shi)(shi)(shi)應后(hou),再充分(fen)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)青(qing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang);應到高(gao)山(shan)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量(liang)延長(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)間,宜(yi)(yi)早出晚(wan)(wan)歸(gui),使(shi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)吃(chi)飽(bao),中(zhong)午(wu)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)回圈(quan)(quan),但在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)最熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)擇高(gao)燥(zao)涼爽(shuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)蔭下,讓羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群臥憩。秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang);羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群宜(yi)(yi)晚(wan)(wan)出晚(wan)(wan)歸(gui),中(zhong)午(wu)繼續放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),選(xuan)擇牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)豐盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)腰(yao)和(he)(he)山(shan)腳地(di)(di)(di)帶放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量(liang)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目地(di)(di)(di),抓好(hao)秋膘,利于越冬(dong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農區(qu)或(huo)半農半牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群還可(ke)(ke)到收過(guo)莊稼(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茬(cha)地(di)(di)(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),對羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群營養(yang)有(you)(you)較(jiao)大補(bu)(bu)(bu)益。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang);應選(xuan)擇地(di)(di)(di)勢較(jiao)低和(he)(he)山(shan)巒環抱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向(xiang)陽平攤地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)去放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)過(guo)遠(yuan),以(yi)(yi)便(bian)遇到天(tian)(tian)氣驟(zou)變時(shi)能(neng)很快返場(chang)(chang),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)膘、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)胎和(he)(he)安(an)(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)很長(chang),草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足,應節約(yue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)(di)。應先遠(yuan)后(hou)近,先陰(yin)后(hou)陽,先高(gao)后(hou)低,先溝后(hou)平,玩出晚(wan)(wan)歸(gui),慢走漫游。由(you)(you)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)轉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)驟(zou)變改變,以(yi)(yi)免(mian)引(yin)起便(bian)秘(mi)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群進(jin)入冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)前,最好(hao)進(jin)行(xing)整群,除(chu)老弱羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)營養(yang)太(tai)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)(shi)當淘汰外,其(qi)余按(an)營養(yang)狀況組(zu)群放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)選(xuan)擇:飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)搭配按(an)照(zhao)以(yi)(yi)青(qing)粗飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),適(shi)(shi)(shi)當補(bu)(bu)(bu)充精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則進(jin)行(xing)。飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)清潔衛生(sheng)(sheng),無毒無害。精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)各養(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)種(zhong)類情況而(er)定,主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米、小(xiao)麥(mai)等經粉碎后(hou)做為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)直(zhi)接(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米、小(xiao)麥(mai)喂(wei)養(yang)。豆(dou)(dou)科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)始花(hua)期(qi)(qi)到盛花(hua)期(qi)(qi)收割,禾本(ben)科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)抽穗期(qi)(qi)到花(hua)開期(qi)(qi)收割,干草(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曬制方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)田間自然(ran)曬干法或(huo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)于木制架上曬干法。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)青(qing)干草(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)飼(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)前將草(cao)(cao)(cao)切成(cheng)3厘米左右(you)或(huo)打成(cheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)粉飼(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)。 管理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi):種(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)全年(nian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證供給較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)物質(zhi),并給予適(shi)(shi)(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong)(dong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)配種(zhong)旺(wang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),混合精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.2~1.4kg,苜蓿干草(cao)(cao)(cao)或(huo)野生(sheng)(sheng)干草(cao)(cao)(cao)2 kg胡蘿卜0.5~1.5kg,食(shi)鹽15~20kg。分(fen)2~3次給草(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),飲水3~4次,每(mei)日放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)間約(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6h。后(hou)備種(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)與母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)開飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang),便(bian)于補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)及(ji)管理(li)(li)。羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出生(sheng)(sheng)后(hou),14d即可(ke)(ke)訓(xun)練早吃(chi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),30d以(yi)(yi)內羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)天(tian)(tian)每(mei)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)50~100g,1~2月(yue)齡(ling)補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)150g,日喂(wei)2次。3~4月(yue)齡(ling)補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200g,日喂(wei)2~3次。飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)種(zhong)類應多(duo)(duo)樣化(hua),最好(hao)有(you)(you)豆(dou)(dou)餅、玉(yu)米、麩皮等3種(zhong)以(yi)(yi)上混合,并可(ke)(ke)混入2%食(shi)鹽和(he)(he)2.5%—3%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦(kuang)物質(zhi),另(ling)外補(bu)(bu)(bu)喂(wei)優質(zhi)干草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)多(duo)(duo)汁(zhi)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。育(yu)肥(fei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi):茶卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)肥(fei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong):一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)肥(fei),是(shi)(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、人工(gong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)或(huo)秋茬(cha)地(di)(di)(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),大羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)包(bao)括淘汰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公、母(mu)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)未懷孕(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)繁殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空懷母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)禾本(ben)科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)。羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)要指斷奶后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非后(hou)備公羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)豆(dou)(dou)科牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)期(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)肥(fei)安(an)(an)排(pai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)下旬(xun)到8月(yue)下旬(xun),則第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個月(yue)全放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)(di)二個月(yue)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)每(mei)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)每(mei)日200kg,此后(hou)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)到400kg;第(di)(di)二期(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)肥(fei)安(an)(an)排(pai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)9月(yue)上旬(xun)到10月(yue)底,則第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個月(yue)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200~300k。第(di)(di)二個月(yue)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)500g;二是(shi)(shi)(shi)舍飼(si)(si)(si)育(yu)肥(fei),是(shi)(shi)(shi)育(yu)肥(fei)都(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)春(chun)(chun)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)枯萎(wei)時(shi)期(qi)(qi),或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)屠宰短(duan)期(qi)(qi)內進(jin)行(xing),所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)除(chu)優良豆(dou)(dou)科、禾本(ben)科干草(cao)(cao)(cao)外,還有(you)(you)工(gong)業加(jia)工(gong)副產(chan)(chan)品如酒(jiu)糟、油餅以(yi)(yi)及(ji)含淀粉高(gao)農副產(chan)(chan)品。疫(yi)病防(fang)(fang)治:嚴(yan)(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)國家有(you)(you)關規定進(jin)行(xing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口蹄疫(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)疫(yi)注射(she),根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)病發生(sheng)(sheng)情況進(jin)行(xing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)傳染性胸膜肺炎和(he)(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)四(si)聯苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)疫(yi),所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)疫(yi)苗(miao)全部來自省、市級動(dong)(dong)(dong)物防(fang)(fang)疫(yi)監督(du)機構(gou)。嚴(yan)(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)《獸醫管理(li)(li)條例》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)獸藥和(he)(he)疫(yi)苗(miao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)縣(xian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物防(fang)(fang)疫(yi)監督(du)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導和(he)(he)監督(du)下,由(you)(you)各鎮(zhen)畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)獸醫員負(fu)責(ze)疫(yi)病防(fang)(fang)治等各項具體工(gong)作。
4、茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)屠(tu)宰、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu) 茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)的(de)(de)屠(tu)宰為人(ren)工(gong)(gong)操(cao)作,用(yong)(yong)尖刀在(zai)羊(yang)只枕寰關(guan)節(jie)處穿(chuan)刺(ci),切斷脊椎(zhui)神經(jing),再割斷頸動(dong)脈放血,然后(hou)剝皮,去(qu)頭(tou)、蹄,取出內臟,羊(yang)腸(chang)去(qu)除內容物并(bing)(bing)洗凈(jing)后(hou)和(he)羊(yang)肉(rou)進(jin)行深加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)或將羊(yang)肉(rou)剁成適度大(da)小的(de)(de)坨坨,煮(zhu)熟后(hou)即(ji)可食(shi)用(yong)(yong),可不加(jia)(jia)任何(he)調味(wei)品(pin)(pin)(pin),撒少許鹽,也可撒上(shang)(shang)適量鹽、辣椒(jiao),花椒(jiao)等(deng),依個(ge)人(ren)口味(wei)而定(ding)(ding)。羊(yang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)深加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)目前主要有(you) “青(qing)(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)藏源(yuan)肉(rou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)公司”、“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)高原肉(rou)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)公司”兩家企業,主要生產(chan)(chan)(chan)“涮羊(yang)肉(rou)”、“羊(yang)珍”、“火鍋羊(yang)肉(rou)”、“羊(yang)肉(rou)串”、“羊(yang)肉(rou)餡”等(deng)“茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)洋”牌系列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),并(bing)(bing)上(shang)(shang)市(shi)銷售,市(shi)場(chang)(chang)前景(jing)看好。并(bing)(bing)制定(ding)(ding)有(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)標準5、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄要求:烏(wu)蘭縣農牧局專(zhuan)業技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)烏(wu)蘭縣那仁(ren)郭勒養殖專(zhuan)業合(he)作社負責茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)各環節(jie)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)培訓與指導(dao)(dao)、信息服(fu)務、質量監督檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作。具體的(de)(de)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)指導(dao)(dao)、服(fu)務、監督及疫(yi)病防治工(gong)(gong)作由茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)鎮畜牧獸醫(yi)站組織實施,重點監督飼料、獸藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong),按(an)規定(ding)(ding)和(he)需要開展口蹄疫(yi)、羊(yang)痘、傳染性胸膜肺炎的(de)(de)防疫(yi),建立健全(quan)免疫(yi)(包(bao)括:疫(yi)苗的(de)(de)名稱、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)廠家、批(pi)號、劑量、免疫(yi)時(shi)間等(deng))、用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)、無(wu)害(hai)化處理等(deng)養殖檔案記錄,以備查(cha)(cha)閱。
六.包裝(zhuang)標(biao)識相關(guan)規定
1、技術(shu)要求(qiu)、檢驗方(fang)法、貯(zhu)藏(zang)和運輸:按照NY5147-2002《無公害食品(pin)羊(yang)肉》相關要求(qiu)執行。
2、標識(shi)和包(bao)裝(zhuang):標識(shi)按照(zhao)《農產(chan)品地理(li)標志(zhi)管理(li)辦法》第十四條規定執行;包(bao)裝(zhuang)上規范使用農產(chan)品地理(li)標志(zhi)(烏蘭縣茶卡羊名稱和公共標識(shi)圖案組合標注(zhu)型(xing)式)。