種植環境
油橄欖適生條件
通過多(duo)年的(de)引種試(shi)驗,確(que)定油橄(gan)欖在中國的(de)適生條件(jian)為(wei):年均(jun)溫度(du)14℃~18℃、1月平均(jun)溫度(du)2.1℃~10.9℃、絕對(dui)最低(di)溫度(du)-0.8℃~-9.4℃;年降雨量(liang)400~1200毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),夏季降雨量(liang)350~750毫(hao)米(mi)(mi);空氣(qi)相對(dui)濕度(du)年平均(jun)60%左右(you)最佳,不(bu)能(neng)大(da)于80%;年日照(zhao)時數以1800~2000小時最為(wei)適宜,不(bu)能(neng)低(di)于1500小時;最適合土壤為(wei)含鈣量(liang)較高的(de)砂壤土,pH值在7~8之間。
武都區種植條件
根據(ju)油(you)橄欖(lan)適(shi)生條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)要求及(ji)(ji)隴南市(shi)油(you)橄欖(lan)種植(zhi)區(qu)自然與生產條(tiao)件(jian)(jian),最佳適(shi)宜種植(zhi)區(qu),分(fen)布在白(bai)龍江(jiang)、白(bai)水(shui)江(jiang)1300米(mi)以下低山河谷地帶,涉及(ji)(ji)宕昌縣(xian)、武都區(qu)、文(wen)縣(xian)的(de)24個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮。可(ke)用于(yu)種植(zhi)油(you)橄欖(lan)的(de)荒山荒坡、農田林網、地埂及(ji)(ji)“四(si)旁”面積為28.7萬(wan)畝。
該(gai)區位于(yu)隴(long)南(nan)市西南(nan)部,多為(wei)深切高、中山(shan)(shan)地(di)貌,屬北(bei)亞熱帶半干旱(han)氣候。年(nian)均溫(wen)(wen)度14℃~16℃,1月平均溫(wen)(wen)度2.9℃~4.4℃、絕對最低溫(wen)(wen)-7.4℃~-8.1℃,年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)450~500毫米,夏季降雨(yu)量(liang)337.5~375.0毫米,年(nian)日照(zhao)時數(shu)為(wei)1789~1911小(xiao)時,空(kong)氣相對濕(shi)度為(wei)55%~61%。土(tu)壤為(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)褐土(tu)或黃棕壤,質地(di)疏松,pH值在6.5~8之間(jian)。油(you)橄欖產(chan)量(liang)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高于(yu)國際橄欖油(you)理事會產(chan)量(liang)標(biao)準,達(da)到了地(di)中海高產(chan)水平。
該區油橄欖種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷史(shi)長,適(shi)合種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):佛奧、萊星、皮削(xue)利、阿(a)斯、鄂植(zhi)8#、九(jiu)峰6#、皮瓜爾(er)、配多靈、科拉蒂、戈(ge)大爾(er)、城(cheng)固(gu)32#、城(cheng)固(gu)53#、中山24#、奇跡。農民掌(zhang)握(wo)一定(ding)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術,技(ji)術服務體系較為健全,隴南(nan)油橄欖研(yan)究機構及加(jia)工企業也都在該區,具有(you)較強的(de)(de)技(ji)術優勢(shi)。
種植實踐結果
經長期栽培實踐表明,武都區(qu)具備有利于(yu)油橄欖(lan)生長發(fa)育的(de)得(de)天(tian)獨厚的(de)氣候、土壤(rang)條(tiao)件,栽培的(de)油橄欖(lan)比原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)掛果(guo)早、生長量(liang)大、產(chan)(chan)量(liang)高(gao),定植3年(nian)的(de)油橄欖(lan)即開始掛果(guo)。據田間調查統計,定植5年(nian)的(de)油橄欖(lan)平均單(dan)株產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)6公(gong)(gong)斤,畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)達(da)200公(gong)(gong)斤,鮮(xian)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)達(da)0.16萬元,加(jia)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)達(da)0.32萬元;定植8年(nian)的(de)油橄欖(lan)平均單(dan)株產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)18公(gong)(gong)斤,畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)達(da)500公(gong)(gong)斤,鮮(xian)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)達(da)0.4萬元,加(jia)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)可達(da)0.8萬元。
種植歷史
油(you)(you)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)是(shi)武都區的特色產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)。引(yin)種油(you)(you)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)始于1975年,當時(shi)由于多方(fang)面(mian)的原因(yin),沒(mei)有真(zhen)正當作一項產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)來(lai)抓,到(dao)1997年只發展到(dao)1320畝。1988年,經(jing)中國林科院徐緯英、鄧明全(quan)等專(zhuan)家(jia)教授實地(di)考察,確(que)認該區白龍(long)江沿岸海拔1300米以下的河谷(gu)及半(ban)山地(di)帶是(shi)中國油(you)(you)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)最佳適生區,宜栽(zai)面(mian)積10萬畝。1998年被列為中國四大(da)油(you)(you)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)之一。截止2004年,完成(cheng)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)套水利工程76處(chu)(chu),上園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)道路24條(tiao),油(you)(you)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)保存面(mian)積達9.15萬畝,其(qi)中國有橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)4處(chu)(chu),大(da)戶私有橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)145處(chu)(chu),農戶連片橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)128處(chu)(chu)。配(pei)套建(jian)成(cheng)油(you)(you)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)加(jia)工廠2處(chu)(chu),自產(chan)(chan)(chan)的橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)油(you)(you)在1994年分別榮獲(huo)中國林產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)博(bo)覽(lan)會和(he)甘肅(su)省林業(ye)名特優新產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)博(bo)覽(lan)會銀獎(jiang)、金獎(jiang)。研制開發的食(shi)用橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)油(you)(you)、橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)油(you)(you)化妝品(pin)(pin)、保健品(pin)(pin)等5大(da)類、10多個品(pin)(pin)種,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠銷北京、天(tian)津、西安、蘭州等10多個大(da)中城(cheng)市,深受消(xiao)費者青睞(lai)。2004年,全(quan)區油(you)(you)橄(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)鮮果(guo)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量
100噸,鮮(xian)果產值(zhi)達(da)80萬(wan)(wan)元,加工(gong)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)油(you)16噸,加工(gong)產值(zhi)達(da)150萬(wan)(wan)元。預(yu)計2009年產鮮(xian)果150噸,產油(you)24噸,實現產值(zhi)240萬(wan)(wan)元。截至2008年,武(wu)都區(qu)已建(jian)成國(guo)有油(you)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)豐產示范園5處,50畝以(yi)上私營油(you)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)園145處,農戶連片橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)園192處,全區(qu)油(you)橄(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)種植面(mian)積達(da)14.86萬(wan)(wan)畝,其中4.5萬(wan)(wan)畝進(jin)(jin)入掛果期、2萬(wan)(wan)畝進(jin)(jin)入盛果期。
在油橄欖品種引(yin)進上(shang),武都(dou)區于(yu)2007年(nian)被(bei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)外國(guo)(guo)專家(jia)(jia)局(ju)命名(ming)為“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)引(yin)進國(guo)(guo)外智力成果示范(fan)推廣(guang)基(ji)地”,被(bei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)林業局(ju)確定為“948項目(mu)試驗基(ji)地”,被(bei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)林科院確定為“全國(guo)(guo)油橄欖種質資源及豐(feng)產栽培研究基(ji)地”,被(bei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)質監總局(ju)命名(ming)為“油橄欖標準化(hua)示范(fan)基(ji)地”,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)質監總局(ju)批準對武都(dou)油橄欖實施地理標志(zhi)保(bao)護。
產品加工
產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方面,武都(dou)區(qu)努力擴大(da)(da)油(you)(you)(you)(you)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)模(mo),提升油(you)(you)(you)(you)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水平和(he)檔次。區(qu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)于(yu)2003年(nian)投資(zi)100多萬(wan)元,從(cong)意(yi)大(da)(da)利著名廠(chang)家(jia)RAPANELLI公(gong)司購入連續式(shi)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)生產(chan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)“ILPICCOLO”一套,每小時(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)果400公(gong)斤,日加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)鮮果4.8噸。田(tian)(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)科技開發有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司依托英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)歐標化妝品(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司、中國(guo)(guo)(guo)林科院及(ji)江南(nan)輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)學開發生產(chan)的(de)(de)“田(tian)(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)物語”橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)化妝品(pin)(pin)(pin)及(ji)“田(tian)(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)華(hua)”橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)精華(hua)膠囊(nang)保(bao)健(jian)品(pin)(pin)(pin)投放市(shi)場后(hou),深受消費者的(de)(de)認可和(he)歡迎,行(xing)(xing)銷中國(guo)(guo)(guo)各主(zhu)要(yao)城市(shi)。隴南(nan)世博林油(you)(you)(you)(you)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司,以(yi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)為(wei)重點(dian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)綜(zong)合性開發,從(cong)意(yi)大(da)(da)利引進(jin)具有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際領先水平的(de)(de)全(quan)自動離心式(shi)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei),每小時(shi)可榨鮮果400-600公(gong)斤,出油(you)(you)(you)(you)率達到16%,經甘肅省輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)研(yan)究所和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)林科院進(jin)行(xing)(xing)質量檢驗,其油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)度和(he)過氧化值(zhi)等(deng)主(zhu)要(yao)指標,達到特級(ji)初(chu)榨橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)標準。截至2010,全(quan)區(qu)興建龍(long)頭加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)5個,建立5座油(you)(you)(you)(you)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang),以(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)為(wei)主(zhu),研(yan)制(zhi)開發出了保(bao)健(jian)油(you)(you)(you)(you)橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)丸、系(xi)列(lie)(lie)化妝品(pin)(pin)(pin)、橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)茶、橄(gan)(gan)(gan)欖(lan)(lan)(lan)酒等(deng)五大(da)(da)類26個產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),注(zhu)冊了“田(tian)(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)味”、“田(tian)(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)華(hua)”、“博林牌(pai)”、“祥宇牌(pai)”商標,系(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)已在(zai)北京、上海、大(da)(da)連、昆明、成都(dou)、蘭州、西安等(deng)城市(shi)建立了銷售網點(dian)。