一.產品介紹
石(shi)(shi)屏青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以體(ti)軀被毛(mao)(mao)青(qing)(qing)色(se)(se)為(wei)特征(zheng),是(shi)長期(qi)自然選擇(ze)和飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)馴(xun)化(hua)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)毛(mao)(mao)兼用(yong)型(xing)地(di)(di)方品種(zhong)(zhong)。約(yue)有(you)(you)二百(bai)五十多(duo)年(nian)(nian)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)歷史,由于(yu)該羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)情溫馴(xun),當地(di)(di)人(ren)稱之為(wei)“憨綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。我州(zhou)(zhou)在(zai)2006年(nian)(nian)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)品種(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)(zi)源調(diao)查(cha)時(shi),根(gen)據產(chan)地(di)(di)、外(wai)貌特征(zheng)命名為(wei)石(shi)(shi)屏青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),經(jing)(jing)省(sheng)(sheng)州(zhou)(zhou)多(duo)次組織專家組親(qin)臨(lin)石(shi)(shi)屏縣(xian)作詳細(xi)調(diao)查(cha),認定為(wei)云南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)稀種(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)源。 石(shi)(shi)屏青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屬于(yu)目前(qian)所報道的(de)(de)(de)(de)我國地(di)(di)方綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品種(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)毛(mao)(mao)色(se)(se)優(you)美,體(ti)形(xing)適(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品種(zhong)(zhong)。根(gen)據毛(mao)(mao)色(se)(se)青(qing)(qing)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)貌特征(zheng),并經(jing)(jing)“毛(mao)(mao)化(hua)學成分”檢測(ce),推(tui)(tui)(tui)定在(zai)該種(zhong)(zhong)群中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)(you)毛(mao)(mao)質青(qing)(qing)色(se)(se)基因。該羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)具有(you)(you)行動(dong)靈活(huo)(huo)、善爬坡攀巖、耐寒、耐粗飼(si)(si),適(shi)(shi)應性(xing)強,抗(kang)病力強,飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)成本低等(deng)優(you)點(dian)。雖然屬于(yu)未經(jing)(jing)選育的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)生態(tai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)種(zhong)(zhong),但具有(you)(you)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屠宰率、凈肉(rou)率,皮薄,肉(rou)色(se)(se)鮮紅,肉(rou)質細(xi)膩,無膻味(wei),味(wei)香可(ke)口,營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)豐富,在(zai)生產(chan)上具有(you)(you)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)及經(jing)(jing)濟開發利用(yong)前(qian)景。但石(shi)(shi)屏青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)從(cong)何地(di)(di)而來,如何演變到(dao)目前(qian)品種(zhong)(zhong)尚無據可(ke)考。據乾隆二十四年(nian)(nian)(1759年(nian)(nian))《石(shi)(shi)屏州(zhou)(zhou)志(卷三)》毛(mao)(mao)部記載:“馬、牛、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)……”,推(tui)(tui)(tui)測(ce)約(yue)有(you)(you)二百(bai)五十多(duo)年(nian)(nian)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)歷史。據當地(di)(di)彝(yi)族(zu)老人(ren)講(jiang),祖(zu)祖(zu)輩輩就(jiu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)該羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。由于(yu)主產(chan)區(qu)是(shi)彝(yi)族(zu)聚集的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)寒山區(qu),交通不便,彝(yi)族(zu)群眾(zhong)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)婚喪嫁娶及舉(ju)行各種(zhong)(zhong)重要活(huo)(huo)動(dong)都要宰羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),婦女喜(xi)歡用(yong)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)皮做墊背、用(yong)毛(mao)(mao)氈子御(yu)寒防雨防潮。由于(yu)受當地(di)(di)彝(yi)族(zu)群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)、生活(huo)(huo)、風(feng)俗習慣及自然環境條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,經(jing)(jing)過長期(qi)自然選擇(ze)和飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)馴(xun)化(hua),形(xing)成了(le)體(ti)型(xing)外(wai)貌較為(wei)一(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)屏青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)這一(yi)(yi)獨特地(di)(di)方品種(zhong)(zhong)。石(shi)(shi)屏青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)工(gong)作受到(dao)各級部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度重視,2009年(nian)(nian)列(lie)入云南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺傳(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源保護(hu)(hu)品種(zhong)(zhong),2010年(nian)(nian)列(lie)入國家畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺傳(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源保護(hu)(hu)品種(zhong)(zhong)。石(shi)(shi)屏縣(xian)畜(chu)(chu)牧技(ji)術(shu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)站(zhan)參與實施的(de)(de)(de)(de)《紅河(he)(he)州(zhou)(zhou)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺傳(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源調(diao)查(cha)與保護(hu)(hu)項(xiang)目》,其中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)屏青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)源獲2009年(nian)(nian)度云南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)農業技(ji)術(shu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)一(yi)(yi)等(deng)獎。《石(shi)(shi)屏青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)遺傳(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源調(diao)查(cha)與保護(hu)(hu)項(xiang)目》榮獲2010年(nian)(nian)度紅河(he)(he)州(zhou)(zhou)科技(ji)進步三等(deng)獎。2011年(nian)(nian)已(yi)在(zai)哨沖鎮(zhen)水瓜沖村委(wei)會拖龍黑(hei)村建青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)保種(zhong)(zhong)場一(yi)(yi)個,石(shi)(shi)屏青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)工(gong)作將得到(dao)進一(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)加強。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
(1)土壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:養殖區土壤(rang)類型以水(shui)稻(dao)土、沖積土、赤紅(hong)壤(rang)、山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)紅(hong)壤(rang)、砂壤(rang)土和(he)羊肝石土為(wei)主。地(di)(di)(di)形西北高(gao)東(dong)南低(di)中間(jian)凹,山(shan)(shan)脈走向多由西南至(zhi)東(dong)北。東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)是(shi)老黑山(shan)(shan),南部(bu)(bu)是(shi)大(da)冷山(shan)(shan),西北部(bu)(bu)是(shi)坡龍山(shan)(shan)、尼白木克山(shan)(shan),中部(bu)(bu)是(shi)硯瓦山(shan)(shan)、筆架(jia)山(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)川相間(jian),高(gao)差較大(da),群(qun)山(shan)(shan)迭起,山(shan)(shan)清水(shui)秀。山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積占(zhan)全縣土地(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)95%;平地(di)(di)(di)有(you)石屏(ping)縣壩(ba)(ba)、寶秀壩(ba)(ba)、壩(ba)(ba)心壩(ba)(ba)、龍朋壩(ba)(ba)等四個較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)壩(ba)(ba)子,平地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積僅占(zhan)全縣土地(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)5%。境內(nei)最(zui)高(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)2551.3米,最(zui)低(di)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)259米,石屏(ping)青(qing)綿(mian)羊最(zui)適宜在海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)2000米的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)區養殖。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:養殖區屬紅河(he)(he)和(he)珠江流(liu)域之(zhi)間的(de)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)嶺地帶,共有(you)河(he)(he)溝(gou)35條,水(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富,水(shui)(shui)質清潔(jie),沒有(you)人為和(he)工礦(kuang)污(wu)染。主河(he)(he)流(liu)紅河(he)(he)由西北向東南(nan)貫穿(chuan)縣境,境內有(you)云南(nan)省九大高原湖(hu)(hu)泊之(zhi)一的(de)異龍湖(hu)(hu)和(he)赤瑞湖(hu)(hu)兩(liang)個(ge)天然湖(hu)(hu)泊,水(shui)(shui)面達43.4平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li),蓄水(shui)(shui)量(liang)1.12億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),有(you)水(shui)(shui)庫、壩塘381個(ge),蓄水(shui)(shui)量(liang)3260立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。
(3)氣(qi)候(hou)情況:養殖區(qu)屬(shu)云南(nan)(nan)(nan)省高原亞(ya)熱帶山地(di)氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu),由于地(di)處高原,低緯、北回歸線橫穿南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)地(di)區(qu),地(di)勢垂直差異顯(xian)著,同時受(shou)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)印度(du)洋(yang)和(he)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)太(tai)平洋(yang)及西北大陸干暖氣(qi)流(liu)的(de)影響,季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)較為(wei)典型(xing),具有(you)(you)“四季(ji)皆有(you)(you)夏,一雨(yu)變成(cheng)秋”的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特點(dian)。歷年最(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)32℃,最(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)-3.9℃,年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)18℃;最(zui)熱月(yue)(7月(yue))平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)27.7℃,最(zui)冷月(yue)(1月(yue))平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)9.1℃;≥10℃的(de)有(you)(you)效積溫(wen)5950.0℃,無霜期316天;年日照(zhao)時數2200小時,日照(zhao)百(bai)分率為(wei)52%,有(you)(you)效率達83%;年輻射量135.2千卡(ka)/厘米(mi);最(zui)高降雨(yu)量1200毫(hao)米(mi),最(zui)低降雨(yu)量800毫(hao)米(mi),年均(jun)降雨(yu)量961.5毫(hao)米(mi),其(qi)中5~10月(yue)份降雨(yu)量占全(quan)年降雨(yu)量的(de)81.3%。
三.地域范圍
石屏(ping)青綿羊主產于紅(hong)河哈尼(ni)族(zu)彝(yi)族(zu)自治(zhi)州石屏(ping)縣境(jing)內(nei),涉及異龍(long)鎮(zhen)、寶秀鎮(zhen)、壩(ba)心鎮(zhen)、龍(long)朋(peng)鎮(zhen)、哨(shao)沖鎮(zhen)、龍(long)武鎮(zhen)、牛(niu)街鎮(zhen)、大(da)橋鄉、新城鄉9 個鄉鎮(zhen),地理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經102°08′—102°43′,北(bei)(bei)緯23°19′—24°06′之(zhi)間,南北(bei)(bei)長88公(gong)里(li)、東(dong)西寬59公(gong)里(li),養殖區(qu)域范圍3037平方(fang)公(gong)里(li),年存欄50000只。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)
(1)外在感官特征(zheng)體(ti)(ti)形:石屏青(qing)綿羊(yang)體(ti)(ti)格中(zhong)(zhong)等,結構(gou)勻稱(cheng),體(ti)(ti)質結實(shi)(shi),近于長方形。具(ju)有(you)行動靈(ling)活、善爬坡攀巖的獨特性能。 毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)色(se):石屏青(qing)綿羊(yang)以體(ti)(ti)軀(qu)被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)青(qing)色(se)為(wei)(wei)(wei)特征(zheng),被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)覆蓋(gai)良好,頸、背、體(ti)(ti)側被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)以青(qing)色(se)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,占85%,棕褐色(se)占15%。頭部(bu)、腹(fu)(fu)下(xia)、前肢腕關(guan)節以下(xia)、后肢飛節以下(xia)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)短而粗(cu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑色(se)刺毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)油汗(han)適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),平均毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)長7.41cm,膚(fu)色(se)為(wei)(wei)(wei)白色(se)。 頭:頭大小適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),額(e)寬,呈(cheng)三角(jiao)形。鼻梁隆起,耳小靈(ling)活不下(xia)垂,眼(yan)小有(you)神(shen);公母羊(yang)均無(wu)(wu)須(xu),多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)角(jiao)(占90%),少量(liang)有(you)角(jiao)(占10%)或退化角(jiao),角(jiao)較粗(cu),呈(cheng)倒(dao)八字,灰黑色(se)。頸:頸長短粗(cu)細適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),無(wu)(wu)肉垂、無(wu)(wu)皺(zhou)褶(zhe)。 體(ti)(ti)軀(qu):胸寬深、肋微(wei)拱(gong)起,背腰(yao)平直,尻部(bu)稍斜,后軀(qu)稍高,腹(fu)(fu)平不下(xia)垂。 四肢:四肢細長,蹄質堅硬(ying)結實(shi)(shi),多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑色(se),少量(liang)灰黑色(se)。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標(biao):石屏青綿羊皮薄,肉(rou)色鮮(xian)紅(hong),肉(rou)質(zhi)細膩,無膻(shan)味,味香可口,營養(yang)豐富。其(qi)中,蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)≥18.5%、粗脂肪含(han)量(liang)≤25%、氨基(ji)酸(suan)總量(liang)≥17.5%、水分含(han)量(liang)≤78%。
(3)質量安(an)全規定(ding):明確登記產品市場準入所遵循的國家強(qiang)制性技(ji)術規范(fan)名稱、具體內(nei)容(rong)和相關(guan)法律法規規定(ding)。嚴(yan)格按(an)中(zhong)華(hua)人民共(gong)和國國家標準GB9961-2001《鮮(xian)凍胴體羊(yang)肉(rou)》執行。