一.產品介紹
石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以體軀被毛(mao)青(qing)(qing)(qing)色為特(te)(te)征(zheng),是長(chang)期自(zi)然(ran)選(xuan)擇和(he)飼養(yang)(yang)馴(xun)化(hua)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)毛(mao)兼用(yong)型地方(fang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。約有(you)(you)二(er)百五(wu)十(shi)多年(nian)飼養(yang)(yang)歷史,由于(yu)該(gai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)性情(qing)溫馴(xun),當地人稱之為“憨綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。我(wo)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)在2006年(nian)畜(chu)禽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)調(diao)查時,根據產地、外(wai)貌(mao)特(te)(te)征(zheng)命名為石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),經(jing)省州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)多次組(zu)織專(zhuan)家組(zu)親臨(lin)石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)作詳細調(diao)查,認(ren)定(ding)為云南(nan)省特(te)(te)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)珍稀(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)。 石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屬于(yu)目(mu)前(qian)所報道的(de)(de)(de)我(wo)國地方(fang)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)毛(mao)色優美,體形適中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根據毛(mao)色青(qing)(qing)(qing)色的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)貌(mao)特(te)(te)征(zheng),并經(jing)“毛(mao)化(hua)學成(cheng)分”檢(jian)測,推定(ding)在該(gai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群中(zhong)含有(you)(you)毛(mao)質(zhi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)色基(ji)因。該(gai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)具(ju)有(you)(you)行動靈活(huo)、善爬(pa)坡攀(pan)巖、耐寒、耐粗飼,適應性強(qiang),抗(kang)病力強(qiang),飼養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)本低等(deng)優點(dian)。雖然(ran)屬于(yu)未經(jing)選(xuan)育的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)生(sheng)態羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),但具(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)屠宰率、凈肉(rou)率,皮薄,肉(rou)色鮮紅,肉(rou)質(zhi)細膩,無(wu)膻味(wei)(wei),味(wei)(wei)香可口,營養(yang)(yang)豐富,在生(sheng)產上具(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)及(ji)經(jing)濟(ji)開發利用(yong)前(qian)景(jing)。但石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)從何地而(er)來,如何演(yan)變到目(mu)前(qian)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尚無(wu)據可考。據乾隆(long)二(er)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(1759年(nian))《石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)志(卷三(san))》毛(mao)部記載(zai):“馬、牛、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)……”,推測約有(you)(you)二(er)百五(wu)十(shi)多年(nian)飼養(yang)(yang)歷史。據當地彝(yi)族老人講,祖祖輩(bei)輩(bei)就飼養(yang)(yang)該(gai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。由于(yu)主產區是彝(yi)族聚(ju)集的(de)(de)(de)高寒山(shan)區,交通不便,彝(yi)族群眾(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)婚(hun)喪嫁娶及(ji)舉行各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)要(yao)活(huo)動都要(yao)宰羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),婦(fu)女喜歡用(yong)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)皮做墊(dian)背、用(yong)毛(mao)氈子御寒防雨防潮(chao)。由于(yu)受當地彝(yi)族群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活(huo)、風俗習慣及(ji)自(zi)然(ran)環境條件的(de)(de)(de)影響,經(jing)過長(chang)期自(zi)然(ran)選(xuan)擇和(he)飼養(yang)(yang)馴(xun)化(hua),形成(cheng)了體型外(wai)貌(mao)較(jiao)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)獨(du)特(te)(te)地方(fang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作受到各級部門的(de)(de)(de)高度(du)重(zhong)視,2009年(nian)列入(ru)云南(nan)省畜(chu)禽遺傳(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),2010年(nian)列入(ru)國家畜(chu)禽遺傳(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)畜(chu)牧技術推廣站參與(yu)實施的(de)(de)(de)《紅河(he)(he)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)畜(chu)禽遺傳(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)調(diao)查與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)項(xiang)目(mu)》,其(qi)中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)獲(huo)2009年(nian)度(du)云南(nan)省農(nong)業技術推廣一(yi)(yi)(yi)等(deng)獎。《石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)遺傳(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)調(diao)查與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)項(xiang)目(mu)》榮(rong)獲(huo)2010年(nian)度(du)紅河(he)(he)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)科技進步三(san)等(deng)獎。2011年(nian)已在哨沖(chong)鎮水瓜(gua)沖(chong)村委會拖龍黑村建(jian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場一(yi)(yi)(yi)個,石(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綿(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作將得到進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)加強(qiang)。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文(wen)歷(li)史因(yin)素
(1)土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地貌(mao)情況:養(yang)殖區土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類型(xing)以水稻土、沖積土、赤紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、砂壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土和羊肝石土為主。地形西北(bei)高(gao)東南低中(zhong)間凹(ao),山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈走向多由西南至東北(bei)。東北(bei)部(bu)(bu)是(shi)老黑山(shan)(shan)(shan),南部(bu)(bu)是(shi)大冷(leng)山(shan)(shan)(shan),西北(bei)部(bu)(bu)是(shi)坡(po)龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)、尼(ni)白木克山(shan)(shan)(shan),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)是(shi)硯瓦(wa)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、筆架山(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)川相間,高(gao)差較(jiao)(jiao)大,群山(shan)(shan)(shan)迭起,山(shan)(shan)(shan)清水秀。山(shan)(shan)(shan)地面(mian)積占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)土地總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)95%;平地有石屏(ping)縣(xian)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)、寶秀壩(ba)(ba)(ba)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)心壩(ba)(ba)(ba)、龍朋壩(ba)(ba)(ba)等四個較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)子,平地面(mian)積僅占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)土地總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)5%。境內(nei)最(zui)高(gao)海拔(ba)2551.3米(mi),最(zui)低海拔(ba)259米(mi),石屏(ping)青(qing)綿羊最(zui)適(shi)宜(yi)在(zai)海拔(ba)2000米(mi)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區養(yang)殖。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情況:養殖區屬紅河(he)和(he)珠江流(liu)域之(zhi)間的(de)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)嶺地帶(dai),共有河(he)溝35條(tiao),水(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富,水(shui)(shui)質清潔,沒有人(ren)為和(he)工礦污染。主河(he)流(liu)紅河(he)由西(xi)北向東(dong)南貫穿縣境(jing),境(jing)內有云南省九大高原湖(hu)(hu)泊之(zhi)一的(de)異龍湖(hu)(hu)和(he)赤瑞湖(hu)(hu)兩個天(tian)然湖(hu)(hu)泊,水(shui)(shui)面達43.4平方公里,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)量1.12億立方米,有水(shui)(shui)庫、壩(ba)塘(tang)381個,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)量3260立方米。
(3)氣候情(qing)況(kuang):養殖區屬(shu)云南(nan)省高(gao)原亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)山地(di)氣候區,由于地(di)處高(gao)原,低(di)緯、北回(hui)歸線橫穿南(nan)部地(di)區,地(di)勢垂直差異顯著,同(tong)時受西南(nan)印度(du)洋和東(dong)南(nan)太平(ping)洋及(ji)西北大陸干暖氣流的影(ying)響,季(ji)風(feng)氣候較為(wei)典型,具有(you)“四季(ji)皆有(you)夏(xia),一雨(yu)(yu)(yu)變成秋”的氣候特點。歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)32℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)氣溫(wen)-3.9℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)18℃;最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱(re)月(yue)(7月(yue))平(ping)均氣溫(wen)27.7℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)(1月(yue))平(ping)均氣溫(wen)9.1℃;≥10℃的有(you)效(xiao)積溫(wen)5950.0℃,無霜期316天;年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照時數(shu)2200小時,日(ri)(ri)照百分率為(wei)52%,有(you)效(xiao)率達83%;年(nian)(nian)(nian)輻射量(liang)135.2千卡/厘米(mi);最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)1200毫(hao)米(mi),最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)800毫(hao)米(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)961.5毫(hao)米(mi),其中5~10月(yue)份(fen)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)的81.3%。
三.地域范圍
石(shi)屏(ping)青綿(mian)羊主產(chan)于紅河哈尼族(zu)彝族(zu)自治州石(shi)屏(ping)縣境內(nei),涉及異龍鎮(zhen)(zhen)、寶秀鎮(zhen)(zhen)、壩(ba)心(xin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、龍朋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、哨沖鎮(zhen)(zhen)、龍武鎮(zhen)(zhen)、牛(niu)街鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)橋鄉、新城鄉9 個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen),地理坐標為東經102°08′—102°43′,北緯23°19′—24°06′之間,南北長88公(gong)里(li)、東西寬59公(gong)里(li),養(yang)殖區域范(fan)圍(wei)3037平方(fang)公(gong)里(li),年存(cun)欄50000只。
四.產(chan)品品質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
(1)外在(zai)感官特征體形(xing):石(shi)屏青(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)體格中等,結(jie)構勻稱,體質(zhi)結(jie)實(shi),近于長(chang)方形(xing)。具有行動靈活、善爬坡攀巖的獨特性(xing)能(neng)。 毛(mao)色(se)(se)(se)(se):石(shi)屏青(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)以體軀被毛(mao)青(qing)色(se)(se)(se)(se)為特征,被毛(mao)覆蓋良好,頸、背、體側被毛(mao)以青(qing)色(se)(se)(se)(se)為主(zhu),占85%,棕褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)占15%。頭部、腹下(xia)、前肢腕關節以下(xia)、后(hou)肢飛(fei)節以下(xia)毛(mao)短(duan)而粗(cu),為黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)刺毛(mao)。被毛(mao)油(you)汗適(shi)中,平(ping)均毛(mao)長(chang)7.41cm,膚色(se)(se)(se)(se)為白色(se)(se)(se)(se)。 頭:頭大小(xiao)適(shi)中,額寬,呈(cheng)三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)。鼻梁隆起,耳小(xiao)靈活不(bu)下(xia)垂(chui),眼小(xiao)有神(shen);公母羊(yang)(yang)均無(wu)須(xu),多為無(wu)角(jiao)(jiao)(占90%),少量有角(jiao)(jiao)(占10%)或退化角(jiao)(jiao),角(jiao)(jiao)較粗(cu),呈(cheng)倒(dao)八字,灰黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。頸:頸長(chang)短(duan)粗(cu)細(xi)適(shi)中,無(wu)肉垂(chui)、無(wu)皺褶。 體軀:胸(xiong)寬深(shen)、肋微拱起,背腰平(ping)直(zhi),尻(kao)部稍斜,后(hou)軀稍高,腹平(ping)不(bu)下(xia)垂(chui)。 四肢:四肢細(xi)長(chang),蹄質(zhi)堅硬結(jie)實(shi),多為黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se),少量灰黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標:石(shi)屏青綿(mian)羊(yang)皮(pi)薄(bo),肉色鮮紅,肉質(zhi)(zhi)細膩,無膻(shan)味,味香可口,營養(yang)豐富。其中(zhong),蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量≥18.5%、粗脂肪含(han)(han)量≤25%、氨基酸總量≥17.5%、水分含(han)(han)量≤78%。
(3)質量安全規(gui)定(ding):明(ming)確登記產品(pin)市場準(zhun)(zhun)入所(suo)遵循的國家(jia)(jia)強制性技術規(gui)范名稱、具體(ti)內容和(he)相關法律法規(gui)規(gui)定(ding)。嚴格按(an)中(zhong)華人民共和(he)國國家(jia)(jia)標準(zhun)(zhun)GB9961-2001《鮮(xian)凍(dong)胴體(ti)羊肉》執行。