地理分布
產地及環境
中甸(dian)牦(mao)牛的(de)主要產區(qu),海拔3000~4000米(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)5.4℃,極(ji)端最高(gao)(gao)氣溫(wen)為(wei)24.9℃,極(ji)端最低氣溫(wen)為(wei)-25.4℃,7月(yue)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)13.2℃,12月(yue)至翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)-1.5~3.7℃,≥10℃積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)1398.7℃。無霜期128天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量620毫(hao)米(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸發(fa)量1713.4毫(hao)米(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)相對濕度為(wei)70%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降雪日為(wei)24.8天。草(cao)場(chang)(chang)屬(shu)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)場(chang)(chang),植被蓋(gai)度在85%以上。草(cao)場(chang)(chang)水源豐(feng)富,7~9月(yue)間牧(mu)草(cao)高(gao)(gao)度為(wei)20~35厘米(mi)。海拔4000~4500米(mi)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)苔原及高(gao)(gao)山(shan)冰(bing)漠帶,植被為(wei)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)杜鵑灌叢、高(gao)(gao)山(shan)嵩草(cao)等,是牦(mao)牛的(de)夏季牧(mu)場(chang)(chang)。
分布
香(xiang)格里拉(la)牦(mao)牛主要(yao)分布于云南(nan)省迪慶藏族自治州的香(xiang)格里拉(la)縣(xian),得欽縣(xian)和維西縣(xian)等(deng)也有分布。
品種特征
香格(ge)里拉牦(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)牛(niu)體(ti)(ti)質結實(shi),體(ti)(ti)軀粗短(duan),體(ti)(ti)格(ge)大(da)(da)(da)小不一,尼汝(ru),格(ge)咱地(di)區(qu)的較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da);大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)甸(dian)、小中(zhong)甸(dian)、東旺(wang)等(deng)(deng)地(di)的較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小。公、母(mu)牦(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)牛(niu)均(jun)有角(jiao)。眼圓大(da)(da)(da)有神,耳小,額(e)寬顏(yan)面部(bu)稍(shao)凹。頸薄、垂皮不明顯(xian)。胸深、背平(ping)直(zhi),尻斜,四肢結實(shi),蹄大(da)(da)(da)鈍圓,尾較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短(duan)。公牦(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)牛(niu)頭大(da)(da)(da)額(e)寬,角(jiao)基粗,兩角(jiao)間(jian)距離大(da)(da)(da),角(jiao)尖(jian)多(duo)向上向前開張呈(cheng)弧(hu)形。頸較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粗,鬐(qi)甲稍(shao)聳(song)立,向后漸傾,背平(ping)直(zhi)顯(xian)得較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短(duan),十字(zi)部(bu)微隆起,胸部(bu)比母(mu)牦(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)牛(niu)開闊,母(mu)牦(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)牛(niu)頭較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輕乖,角(jiao)細(xi)長(chang),角(jiao)尖(jian)多(duo)略向后開張呈(cheng)弧(hu)形。頸薄而(er)窄(zhai),鬐(qi)甲不顯(xian)著。乳房小,乳頭短(duan),乳靜脈(mo)不發達(da)。中(zhong)甸(dian)牦(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)牛(niu)全(quan)身盡毛色者居(ju)多(duo),黑(hei)白花次之,其(qi)余為全(quan)身黑(hei)毛而(er)額(e)心、肢端、尾部(bu)有白斑或白毛者等(deng)(deng)。
品種性能
香格里(li)拉(la)牦牛(niu)(niu)(niu)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)公(gong)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)體(ti)高、體(ti)長、胸圍、管圍和體(ti)重(zhong)分別為(wei)(wei):119.05±8.07厘(li)(li)米,126.87±11.61厘(li)(li)米,162.15±10.83厘(li)(li)米,17.60±1.05厘(li)(li)米,234.55±35.81公(gong)斤(jin),成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)母牛(niu)(niu)(niu)分別為(wei)(wei):105.23±5.25厘(li)(li)米,117.06±8.37厘(li)(li)米,153.71±22.99厘(li)(li)米,16.08±1.12厘(li)(li)米,192.47±27.50公(gong)斤(jin)。中旬牦牛(niu)(niu)(niu)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)5~6月(yue)剪毛,成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)公(gong)牦牛(niu)(niu)(niu)平(ping)均產(chan)(chan)毛量為(wei)(wei)3.55±0.34公(gong)斤(jin),成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)母牦牛(niu)(niu)(niu)平(ping)均產(chan)(chan)毛量為(wei)(wei)1.32±0.33公(gong)斤(jin)。