一(yi).自然生態(tai)環境和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素
關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)坐落于云(yun)貴高(gao)原東(dong)部(bu)脊狀斜(xie)(xie)坡南側向(xiang)廣(guang)西(xi)丘陵傾(qing)斜(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)(xie)坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)長江(jiang)水(shui)系和(he)珠江(jiang)水(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)。立(li)體(ti)氣(qi)候和(he)生(sheng)物多樣性(xing)明顯,以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)亞熱(re)(re)帶(dai)季(ji)風濕潤氣(qi)候為(wei)主(zhu),四季(ji)分(fen)明,熱(re)(re)量(liang)充(chong)足,水(shui)熱(re)(re)同季(ji)。東(dong)北、西(xi)北與鎮寧自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、六枝(zhi)特區(qu)(qu)毗鄰(lin),西(xi)南以(yi)(yi)北盤江(jiang)為(wei)界和(he)晴隆(long)、興(xing)仁、貞豐(feng)三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)相望,總(zong)面(mian)積1468平(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)(fu),據1985年(nian)(nian)農業(ye)區(qu)(qu)劃調(diao)查(cha),關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)擁有(you)(you)(you)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)坡674475畝,其(qi)中(zhong):成(cheng)片草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)409815畝,占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)61%,主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)新浦鄉、普利(li)鄉、沙營鄉、頂營鄉等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)一(yi)級草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)占76.3%,二級草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)占10.7%,三(san)級草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)占10.2%,四級草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)占2.8%。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)產(chan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)量(liang)82748萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤,田坎(kan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)產(chan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)量(liang)4692萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤,地(di)(di)(di)(di)坎(kan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)產(chan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)量(liang)1387萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤,加上(shang)灌木、荒林(lin)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)可(ke)產(chan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)量(liang)28561萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤,理論(lun)載畜量(liang)84113頭(tou)牛(niu)(niu)單位(wei)(wei)。另有(you)(you)(you)作物秸(jie)稈產(chan)量(liang)14820萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤,飼(si)(si)用秸(jie)稈理論(lun)載畜量(liang)15617頭(tou)牛(niu)(niu)單位(wei)(wei),載畜量(liang)共(gong)計99730頭(tou)牛(niu)(niu)單位(wei)(wei)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)(fu),牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)種(zhong)類(lei)繁(fan)多,有(you)(you)(you)34科183種(zhong),主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)扭黃茅、白(bai)茅、龍須草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、細柄草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、黃背草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)等(deng)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)量(liang)優(you)異,從(cong)2000年(nian)(nian)到2007年(nian)(nian),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)配套實(shi)(shi)施(shi)了(le)一(yi)大批(pi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)畜牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)建設項目,實(shi)(shi)現(xian)了(le)生(sheng)態建設和(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)畜牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)良性(xing)互(hu)動(dong)、協調(diao)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格局,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積不斷擴大,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)廣(guang)泛分(fen)布于關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)全境(jing)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)豐(feng)富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)牛(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養殖提(ti)供(gong)了(le)優(you)質(zhi)、種(zhong)類(lei)繁(fan)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),天然(ran)飼(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)與人工草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)合,提(ti)高(gao)了(le)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)牛(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)值,也(ye)使關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)牛(niu)(niu)牛(niu)(niu)肉(rou)具有(you)(you)(you)優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)牛(niu)(niu)優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)特點與當地(di)(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)候環(huan)(huan)境(jing)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是云(yun)貴高(gao)原向(xiang)廣(guang)西(xi)丘陵過渡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)(xie)坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),海(hai)拔大多在(zai)1000~2000米(mi)之間。屬亞熱(re)(re)帶(dai)季(ji)風濕潤氣(qi)候,常年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)1205.1~1656.8毫米(mi),累計年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫為(wei)16.2℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均最高(gao)氣(qi)溫為(wei)16.9℃,最低氣(qi)溫15.4℃。冬無(wu)(wu)嚴寒(han),夏無(wu)(wu)酷暑,雨(yu)量(liang)充(chong)沛,日照充(chong)足,終年(nian)(nian)溫暖濕潤,極適應牛(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長繁(fan)殖,為(wei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)牛(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長提(ti)供(gong)了(le)理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)區(qu)(qu)位(wei)(wei)優(you)越(yue),已形(xing)成(cheng)以(yi)(yi)高(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路、高(gao)等(deng)級公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路為(wei)骨架,國道、省道和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鄉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路為(wei)枝(zhi)干,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)村(cun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路為(wei)網(wang)(wang)(wang)葉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)八達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡體(ti)系。是貴州(zhou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)往廣(guang)西(xi)、云(yun)南的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)樞紐,黔中(zhong)經濟區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)部(bu)門戶和(he)貴州(zhou)西(xi)南部(bu)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物流人流集散地(di)(di)(di)(di)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)是貴州(zhou)省實(shi)(shi)施(shi)“西(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)送”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)之一(yi),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內有(you)(you)(you)裝機容量(liang)104萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光照電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)、84萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)董箐電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和(he)裝機容量(liang)48萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馬馬崖(ya)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan),并與國家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)并網(wang)(wang)(wang),對畜產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工、保(bao)鮮可(ke)提(ti)供(gong)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證。
二.地域范圍
關(guan)(guan)嶺牛農產(chan)品地(di)(di)理標(biao)志地(di)(di)域(yu)保護范圍包括關(guan)(guan)嶺布依族(zu)苗族(zu)自治(zhi)縣行(xing)政區(qu)域(yu)的13個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(街道辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處),即關(guan)(guan)索(suo)街道辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處、頂云街道辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處、花江(jiang)鎮(zhen)、永寧鎮(zhen)、崗(gang)烏鎮(zhen)、上關(guan)(guan)鎮(zhen)、斷橋鎮(zhen)、坡貢鎮(zhen)、沙營鎮(zhen)、新浦鎮(zhen)、八德鄉(xiang)(xiang)、板貴(gui)鄉(xiang)(xiang)和普利鄉(xiang)(xiang)。地(di)(di)理坐標(biao)為:北緯(wei)25°33′38"至(zhi)25°55′32",東經105°22′50"至(zhi)105°45′22"。養(yang)殖規模20萬頭,年產(chan)量2.5萬噸。
三.產(chan)品品質特性特征(zheng)
1、外在感官特(te)征:“關嶺牛(niu)”外貌特(te)征:毛色(se)(se)以黃(huang)色(se)(se)居(ju)多,深黃(huang)有(you)(you)(you)近于紅毛者,淺(qian)黃(huang)中最淡者為草黃(huang);次為褐色(se)(se)與黑色(se)(se)。頭中等大小,額寬(kuan)平,鼻鏡寬(kuan)大,口方平齊(qi),峰型分為高峰型和肉峰型,一般(ban)胸較(jiao)深而略顯窄,背(bei)腰(yao)平直,薦(jian)部較(jiao)寬(kuan),尻部多傾斜。四肢肌腱明顯,系部強壯,蹄質(zhi)堅實(shi),前肢正直,后肢略呈(cheng)外弧(hu)。“關嶺牛(niu)”牛(niu)肉感官特(te)征:①色(se)(se)澤:肌肉呈(cheng)均勻的紅色(se)(se),具有(you)(you)(you)光澤,脂(zhi)肪(fang)呈(cheng)潔白色(se)(se)或乳黃(huang)色(se)(se);②氣(qi)味(wei)(wei):具有(you)(you)(you)鮮牛(niu)肉的特(te)有(you)(you)(you)正常氣(qi)味(wei)(wei);③粘度:表(biao)面(mian)微(wei)干或有(you)(you)(you)風干膜(mo),觸摸時不(bu)黏手;④彈性:指壓后的凹陷能(neng)立即恢(hui)復。
2、內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao):關嶺牛肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)解凍失(shi)水率為(wei)(wei)(wei)5.0~7.5%,揮發性鹽基氮(dan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)6.0~8.0mg/100g,脂肪為(wei)(wei)(wei)3.0~10.0g/100g,水分為(wei)(wei)(wei)72.0~80.0g/100g,pH值為(wei)(wei)(wei)5.2~6.8,總氨基酸為(wei)(wei)(wei)15.50~24.50g/100g。
3、關(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)牛(niu)(niu)養殖(zhi)(zhi)嚴格按無公害農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)養殖(zhi)(zhi)規范(fan)和標準生產(chan)(chan)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)安全質量應(ying)符合《關(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)牛(niu)(niu)生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術規程規程(草案(an))》、《關(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)牛(niu)(niu)屠宰操作規程(草案(an))》、《關(guan)(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)牛(niu)(niu)養殖(zhi)(zhi)加工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規范(fan)(草案(an))》。
四(si).特定生產(chan)方式
1、關嶺牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)飼養(yang)管理(li):入(ru)舍期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi):牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)進入(ru)圈后(hou)間隔(ge)一周開始驅蟲,初次與(yu)第二(er)次要(yao)(yao)(yao)間隔(ge)四天(tian),兩次可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)驅蟲凈去清(qing)。 牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)犢期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)管理(li):小(xiao)(xiao)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)犢一般采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自然哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)法,牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)犢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)常為6個(ge)月(yue),這個(ge)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)供給(gei)(gei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)依靠母(mu)(mu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),所(suo)以(yi)得(de)給(gei)(gei)哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)增加營(ying)養(yang),哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)飼料(liao)(liao)以(yi)干草為主(zhu)(zhu),精料(liao)(liao)為輔,精料(liao)(liao)為2分玉米面和一份麩(fu)皮(pi)(pi)。精飼料(liao)(liao)最高不(bu)超過2公(gong)斤,將(jiang)精料(liao)(liao)均(jun)勻撒在(zai)干草上(shang),然后(hou)攪拌均(jun)勻,哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)每(mei)天(tian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)消耗(hao)60公(gong)斤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分,飲水(shui)要(yao)(yao)(yao)調(diao)成36—38攝氏度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫水(shui),并在(zai)水(shui)中(zhong)家麩(fu)皮(pi)(pi)1至1.6公(gong)斤,食(shi)鹽2至3兩,調(diao)成稀粥狀(zhuang)讓其(qi)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),因為母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)有趴臥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣,所(suo)以(yi)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)房(fang)往往接觸(chu)地面而變(bian)臟(zang),在(zai)整個(ge)哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),每(mei)天(tian)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)擦拭母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)房(fang),保持清(qing)潔。牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)犢牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li):小(xiao)(xiao)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)出(chu)生(sheng)一個(ge)月(yue)后(hou),單靠母(mu)(mu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喂養(yang)已經不(bu)能滿足它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao),必須及時(shi)(shi)補飼,可(ke)以(yi)吃(chi)一些干草和精料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混合物(wu),保證充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲水(shui),牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)犢長(chang)到60天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候,開始加喂青(qing)貯飼料(liao)(liao)。犢牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)從(cong)出(chu)生(sheng)后(hou)8至10日起,給(gei)(gei)犢牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間們,讓其(qi)可(ke)以(yi)自由(you)運動,根據犢牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)出(chu)生(sheng)季(ji)節(jie)選擇適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運動場地。育肥期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi):每(mei)天(tian)每(mei)頭牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)草4—6kg,精細(xi)料(liao)(liao)2.5—4kg,后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)天(tian)需(xu)草6—7.5kg,精細(xi)料(liao)(liao)4—5kg,青(qing)草加量30%。疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)防疫(yi):痢疾(ji)是(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)犢最容(rong)易得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing),犢牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)出(chu)生(sheng)后(hou),由(you)于哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)不(bu)衛生(sheng),舔食(shi)污染,喝臟(zang)水(shui),受冷涼等,非常容(rong)易感染大(da)腸桿(gan)(gan)菌或(huo)沙門氏桿(gan)(gan)菌等,可(ke)引起伴有敗血病(bing)(bing)癥狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腸炎及下痢,在(zai)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)犢1個(ge)月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候,打一針痢疾(ji)疫(yi)苗是(shi)(shi)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),止痢疾(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)正(zheng)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獸醫購買,按(an)照說(shuo)明書的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量來進行注(zhu)射(she)。口蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)疫(yi)是(shi)(shi)由(you)口蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)毒感染引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偶蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)動物(wu)共患的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)急性、熱性、接觸(chu)性傳(chuan)染病(bing)(bing),患口蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)疫(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)會出(chu)現(xian)發(fa)熱、跛行和在(zai)皮(pi)(pi)膚與(yu)皮(pi)(pi)膚黏膜上(shang)出(chu)現(xian)泡狀(zhuang)斑疹等癥狀(zhuang),惡性口蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)疫(yi)還會導致畜(chu)心臟(zang)麻(ma)痹并迅速死亡,牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)犢出(chu)生(sheng)8個(ge)月(yue)后(hou),要(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)射(she)一針口蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)疫(yi)疫(yi)苗,參照說(shuo)明書操作。
五.包裝(zhuang)標(biao)識相關規定
本(ben)規定地域范(fan)圍內的關嶺(ling)牛農產品(pin)生產經營(ying)者,在產品(pin)或包裝上(shang)使用農產品(pin)地理(li)標志(zhi),須向(xiang)關嶺(ling)布依族苗族自治(zhi)縣草(cao)地畜(chu)牧(mu)業發展中心(xin)提出申請(qing),按照相關要求規范(fan)養殖和使用標志(zhi),統一采用關嶺(ling)牛產品(pin)名稱(cheng)和農產品(pin)地理(li)標志(zhi)公共(gong)標識(shi)(shi)相結合的標識(shi)(shi)標注方法。