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一.產品介紹

黔北黑豬分(fen)布于(yu)(yu)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)省的北部和東(dong)北部，主產(chan)(chan)于(yu)(yu)遵義、綏(sui)陽、湄(mei)潭、桐梓、正安、務川、鳳崗、余慶、道真、習(xi)水、匯川、紅花崗等縣區。產(chan)(chan)區居民以漢(han)族(zu)為(wei)(wei)主，由于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、生(sheng)(sheng)活的需要，群眾除養豬積(ji)肥(fei)外(wai)(wai)，還有殺年豬-煉油(you)和腌制臘肉的習(xi)慣(guan)，所以多選擇“油(you)多易肥(fei)”的豬作種用(yong)，對外(wai)(wai)形的要求是(shi)“頭(tou)(tou)大、嘴長(chang)、岔口深，腳高(gao)(gao)、體長(chang)架(jia)子蹬，大耳下(xia)掛粗尾根，倒八卦頭(tou)(tou)日增斤。境內(nei)以大婁山(shan)脈為(wei)(wei)主體，是(shi)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)高(gao)(gao)原向四川盆(pen)地傾(qing)斜和向西湘丘陵過渡的地帶，赤水河，芙蓉(rong)江(jiang)、烏江(jiang)流經(jing)其(qi)間。產(chan)(chan)區春暖較(jiao)早，秋寒較(jiao)晚，夏(xia)溫較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，土壤肥(fei)沃，雨量充沛，農業較(jiao)發(fa)達，以水稻(dao)、小麥(mai)、玉米(mi)、油(you)菜為(wei)(wei)王，并盛(sheng)產(chan)(chan)蕃薯、馬鈴薯、豆類、花生(sheng)(sheng)以及烤煙(yan)、茶葉等經(jing)濟作物。由于(yu)(yu)山(shan)場(chang)廣闊(kuo)，野生(sheng)(sheng)飼(si)料和農副(fu)產(chan)(chan)品豐富，為(wei)(wei)養豬提供了物質條件。

二.自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境和人文歷史因素

1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌 黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑豬的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)遵(zun)義地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢以(yi)中山(shan)(shan)峽谷(gu)為(wei)主(zhu)，低山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)次之，山(shan)(shan)巒起伏，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成了(le)(le)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)、溝谷(gu)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)和(he)(he)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)相間的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。屬(shu)低緯度(du)高(gao)(gao)海拔的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)農(nong)業區(qu)。耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)30762平方公(gong)里，占(zhan)貴州省耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)17.46％，其中，山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)61.9％，丘(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)30.7％，盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)及河(he)谷(gu)壩子(zi)僅占(zhan)7.4％。耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)588.1萬畝，人均耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)0.82畝。該(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質結構復(fu)雜，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型多樣，以(yi)黃壤(rang)、黃棕壤(rang)、石灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)主(zhu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)質肥(fei)沃(wo)。 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)居民(min)(min)以(yi)漢(han)族為(wei)主(zhu)，亦(yi)有(you)(you)仡佬族、土(tu)(tu)(tu)家(jia)族、苗族等少(shao)數民(min)(min)族，由于(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、生(sheng)活需要，群眾除養豬積(ji)(ji)肥(fei)外(wai)，還(huan)有(you)(you)殺年豬、煉(lian)油(you)和(he)(he)腌制臘肉的(de)(de)(de)習慣，所以(yi)多選擇“油(you)多易(yi)肥(fei)”的(de)(de)(de)豬作(zuo)種(zhong)用。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)群眾選擇種(zhong)豬積(ji)(ji)累(lei)了(le)(le)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗，對(dui)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)要求是“頭大(da)、嘴長、岔口(kou)深，腳高(gao)(gao)、體長架子(zi)蹬，大(da)耳下(xia)掛粗尾根，倒八(ba)卦頭日(ri)增斤(jin)”。 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)農(nong)業較發達(da)，是貴州省的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要糧食產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)，主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)稻(dao)谷(gu)、玉(yu)米(mi)、小麥、油(you)菜，也盛產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)紅(hong)薯(shu)、馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)、豆類、花生(sheng)等農(nong)作(zuo)物和(he)(he)各類蔬(shu)菜，再(zai)加(jia)上(shang)草場(chang)廣闊，野(ye)生(sheng)牧草極為(wei)豐富(fu)。農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)及農(nong)副產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、蔬(shu)菜、野(ye)生(sheng)牧草等為(wei)黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑豬的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成和(he)(he)發展奠定了(le)(le)堅(jian)實的(de)(de)(de)物質基(ji)礎。黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)是貴州省經(jing)濟、文化相對(dui)發達(da)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，俗稱貴州省的(de)(de)(de)糧倉和(he)(he)豬倉，長期為(wei)貴陽市(shi)和(he)(he)遵(zun)義市(shi)場(chang)提(ti)供了(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)豬肉及豬肉加(jia)工制品(pin)(pin)，養育(yu)著(zhu)該(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)人民(min)(min)，促進了(le)(le)黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑豬選育(yu)和(he)(he)種(zhong)群的(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)。

2、氣(qi)候情況 境(jing)內氣(qi)候溫(wen)和(he)，熱量資源較豐富(fu)，雨水充(chong)沛，四季分明，冬(dong)無嚴寒(han)(han)，夏(xia)(xia)無酷暑，年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度15～17℃，年(nian)降(jiang)雨量900～1400毫米(mi)，相對濕度80%左右(you)。最多年(nian)份1313毫米(mi)，最少年(nian)份852.2毫米(mi)。無霜(shuang)期260～300天左右(you)。年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度15.6℃，最冷月(yue)（元月(yue)）平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度5℃，極端(duan)最低溫(wen)度零下(xia)5.5℃，最熱月(yue)（七月(yue)）平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度15.6℃，極端(duan)最高溫(wen)度37.4℃，年(nian)日照數1266.7小時。低山(shan)河谷地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)雨水熱量條(tiao)件更為(wei)充(chong)裕(yu)，如赤水河下(xia)段平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)在18℃左右(you)，夏(xia)(xia)季炎熱，時間較長，冬(dong)季溫(wen)和(he)，少見(jian)霜(shuang)雪(xue)。東(dong)與湖南接壤，北與四川(chuan)毗連，境(jing)內以(yi)大婁山(shan)脈為(wei)主體(ti)，是(shi)貴州高原向四川(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)傾(qing)斜和(he)向西(xi)湘丘陵過渡的(de)地(di)帶，赤水河，芙蓉江、烏(wu)江流經其(qi)間。產區(qu)(qu)春暖較早，秋寒(han)(han)較晚，夏(xia)(xia)溫(wen)較高，土壤肥沃，雨量充(chong)沛，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)較發達，是(shi)貴州省的(de)主要糧食產區(qu)(qu)。農(nong)(nong)作物一年(nian)兩(liang)熟，以(yi)水稻、小麥、玉米(mi)、油菜為(wei)王，并(bing)盛產蕃薯、馬鈴薯、豆類、花生以(yi)及烤(kao)煙、茶葉等經濟作物。由于山(shan)場廣闊，野(ye)生飼料和(he)農(nong)(nong)副產品豐富(fu)，為(wei)養(yang)豬提供了(le)物質條(tiao)件。

三.地域范圍

黔北黑(hei)豬主要產區位于貴州(zhou)省北部遵義(yi)市(shi)的(de)桐(tong)梓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、遵義(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳岡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綏(sui)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道真(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、務川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余(yu)(yu)慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湄潭(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、正安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、赤水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、習(xi)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、仁(ren)懷縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等12個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。黔北黑(hei)豬的(de)地域保護范(fan)圍為：桐(tong)梓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、遵義(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳岡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綏(sui)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道真(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、務川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余(yu)(yu)慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湄潭(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、正安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、赤水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、習(xi)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、仁(ren)懷縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等12個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。地理坐標：東經105°36′—108°13′，北緯(wei)27°08′—29°12。

四(si).產品品質特(te)性特(te)征

1、產品典型特征(zheng)特性描(miao)述 黔(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)豬全身被(bei)毛黑(hei)色。頭(tou)大(da)(da)(da)小適中，耳大(da)(da)(da)下垂(chui)，嘴長而直，額(e)部皺(zhou)紋多呈(cheng)菱形。頸長短適中，背腰(yao)微凹，較長而稍窄，后軀較豐滿，斜尻，尾(wei)長超過飛節(jie)，胸稍窄而較深(shen)，腹大(da)(da)(da)下垂(chui)，但不著地(di)。四肢健(jian)壯，后肢多臥系(xi)。

2、內在品質 成年母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體重(zhong)161.88+28公斤，體長(chang)136.38+15厘米，成年公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體重(zhong)150.83+10公斤，體長(chang)148.38+7厘米。 胴體品質：黔北黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)屠宰率(lv)(lv)高，胴體品質較(jiao)好。屠宰率(lv)(lv)平均(jun)70.34％，膘厚平均(jun)3.54厘米，瘦肉率(lv)(lv)平均(jun)41.90％。 蛋白(bai)質（g/100g)10.2-11.5，谷(gu)氨酸(suan)（g/100g)2.9-3.4，精氨酸(suan)（g/100g)2.0-2.8，亮(liang)氨酸(suan)（g/100g)1.4-2.0，丙(bing)氨酸(suan)（g/100g)1.0-1.8，蘇氨酸(suan)（g/100g)1.5-2.1。

3、黔北黑豬(zhu)養(yang)殖嚴(yan)格(ge)按昭NY5029-2008無(wu)公害食(shi)品豬(zhu)肉(rou)的(de)規定(ding)養(yang)殖。

五.特定生產方式

1、產地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 首先應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)牧草資源(yuan)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方或者是(shi)利于(yu)種(zhong)植優(you)質(zhi)牧草的(de)(de)(de)草山草坡，背風(feng)(feng)向陽，地(di)勢干燥，冬暖夏涼的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)是(shi)黔北黑豬最(zui)適(shi)合的(de)(de)(de)生存環(huan)境(jing)，所以豬舍(she)圈舍(she)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)勢較高，排水良(liang)好(hao)，通(tong)風(feng)(feng)順暢，向陽避風(feng)(feng)，位于(yu)居民(min)區下風(feng)(feng)向。土(tu)質(zhi)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)透水性好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)沙質(zhi)土(tu)壤。水源(yuan)四季供水充足(zu)，無污染。電力(li)通(tong)訊交通(tong)便利，但考慮到防疫的(de)(de)(de)需要，圈舍(she)與主要交通(tong)干線的(de)(de)(de)距離應(ying)不(bu)少于(yu)1000米。

2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育 在黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)地區的鳳崗縣、道真縣、遵義縣是黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)保護區和(he)中心產(chan)區，廣(guang)泛開(kai)展本品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育、提(ti)純復壯的工(gong)作。 品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育：采取“集中選(xuan)(xuan)育，按(an)群建系(xi)，統一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)供應，分場（戶）生(sheng)產(chan)經營”的方法。選(xuan)(xuan)擇品系(xi)純正、整(zheng)齊度高而健壯、免疫可靠(kao)的種(zhong)(zhong)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進行(xing)推(tui)廣(guang)生(sheng)產(chan)。 充分利(li)用(yong)(yong)黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)品種(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)源優(you)勢(shi)，建立純種(zhong)(zhong)繁育基(ji)地，廣(guang)泛開(kai)展選(xuan)(xuan)育選(xuan)(xuan)配(pei)工(gong)作，指(zhi)導(dao)養殖戶實(shi)行(xing)黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)異地交換、區域調整(zheng)，嚴(yan)格選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)配(pei)制度，對(dui)不留(liu)作種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)的黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)種(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)律(lv)要求育肥作商品豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)(chu)售(shou)，避免近親(qin)繁殖產(chan)生(sheng)不良(liang)性(xing)狀(zhuang)，以(yi)此鞏固提(ti)高黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)優(you)良(liang)特性(xing)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)能(neng)，培育出(chu)(chu)符合本品種(zhong)(zhong)標準的等級黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 通過良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)登(deng)記，增加基(ji)因多樣性(xing)，增強(qiang)選(xuan)(xuan)擇強(qiang)度，實(shi)行(xing)科學選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)配(pei)，提(ti)高黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)整(zheng)體水平。 黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)產(chan)流程(cheng)：選(xuan)(xuan)定純種(zhong)(zhong)黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)→用(yong)(yong)黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑(hei)公(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)→懷(huai)孕→產(chan)出(chu)(chu)仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)→乳期(qi)斷奶(nai)育成（10-12個月育肥飼(si)養）→100公(gong)斤(jin)以(yi)上出(chu)(chu)欄(lan)。

3、生(sheng)產過程管理 本技(ji)術規定了(le)黔北黑豬飼養過程的要求。

（1）人(ren)員(yuan)管理：種場的飼養(yang)員(yuan)應定期進行(xing)健康檢查，傳(chuan)染(ran)病患者(zhe)不得從(cong)事(shi)養(yang)殖工作；場內獸醫人(ren)員(yuan)不準對外診療。一般養(yang)殖場（戶）的養(yang)殖從(cong)業人(ren)員(yuan)也應保持健康。

（2）飼養(yang)管理(li)：

①仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)飼養(yang)(yang)管理 仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)(chu)生(sheng)后一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要喂初乳(ru)，固(gu)定(ding)(ding)乳(ru)頭(tou)，按照大的(de)放在中間，小的(de)放在兩邊(bian)，固(gu)定(ding)(ding)2次(ci)后，仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)就不(bu)會亂(luan)爭(zheng)搶乳(ru)頭(tou)了，這樣(yang)仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)長(chang)勢(shi)均(jun)勻(yun)。每頭(tou)母豬(zhu)(zhu)哺乳(ru)仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)數量(liang)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)要超過12頭(tou)，若產仔(zi)數量(liang)較多時，應采(cai)取寄(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)的(de)辦(ban)法(fa)，寄(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)時給寄(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)身上抹來(lai)蘇水或母豬(zhu)(zhu)尿，干擾寄(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)母豬(zhu)(zhu)嗅覺，不(bu)讓母豬(zhu)(zhu)吃仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)，保(bao)證寄(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)功(gong)。 仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)(chu)生(sheng)第7天開(kai)始誘食(shi)(shi)(shi)，把仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)料撒(sa)在仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)補(bu)料間內，避(bi)免(mian)母豬(zhu)(zhu)舔(tian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)盡早(zao)(zao)吃開(kai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)，這樣(yang)有(you)助于提高斷奶(nai)(nai)窩重(zhong)，縮短(duan)哺乳(ru)天數，使母豬(zhu)(zhu)盡快恢(hui)復體力(li)，提早(zao)(zao)發情。黔北(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)斷奶(nai)(nai)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)比雜交仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)齡(ling)長(chang)，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)需要 35—40天，體重(zhong)平均(jun)達15斤以上才能斷奶(nai)(nai)，否(fou)則成(cheng)活率低(di)。

②育成(cheng)豬的(de)飼(si)(si)養管理 黔北(bei)黑豬育肥時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間為10-14個月。飼(si)(si)養時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)營養要(yao)(yao)全面，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)以(yi)玉(yu)米(mi)、紅(hong)薯、紅(hong)薯藤、南瓜、蘿卜、白菜(cai)、牛皮菜(cai)等農作(zuo)物或野(ye)生草本植物為飼(si)(si)料原料。育肥時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)80斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)下(xia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，精(jing)料比(bi)例(li)(li)占(zhan)60%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，青飼(si)(si)料比(bi)例(li)(li)占(zhan)40%最佳，因(yin)為此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豬的(de)體格(ge)小，消化薄(bo)弱，抗病力低(di)。80斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)逐漸加大青飼(si)(si)料的(de)比(bi)例(li)(li)，縮(suo)小精(jing)料比(bi)例(li)(li)，以(yi)節約飼(si)(si)料，用(yong)地方說法是“吊(diao)架子”。180斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)又要(yao)(yao)加大精(jing)料比(bi)例(li)(li)，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)催肥，使(shi)豬出欄(lan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屠宰率(lv)高，瘦(shou)肉(rou)率(lv)在(zai)40%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。

③種(zhong)母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)的飼(si)養(yang)管理(li) 母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)體軀(qu)要(yao)(yao)勻稱，乳頭(tou)6對(dui)(dui)以上，對(dui)(dui)稱整(zheng)齊。過肥豬(zhu)(zhu)不發(fa)情，過瘦則受(shou)胎率低(di)，產(chan)仔(zi)(zi)數(shu)少，仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)成活率低(di)。母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)飼(si)喂(wei)到150—200斤才能方可配種(zhong)。母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)每(mei)隔21天(tian)(tian)發(fa)情一次(ci)，配種(zhong)后，做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)記錄(lu)，懷孕111—114天(tian)(tian)（三(san)個月三(san)個星期零三(san)天(tian)(tian)）開始(shi)產(chan)仔(zi)(zi)，此(ci)時，要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)接(jie)生的準備(bei)。母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)仔(zi)(zi)時要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)防寒保暖、防暑降(jiang)溫工作，冬天(tian)(tian)保持圈(quan)舍(she)(she)干燥，農村散養(yang)戶可給圈(quan)舍(she)(she)鋪層(ceng)稻草。

④種(zhong)(zhong)公豬的飼(si)養管理 種(zhong)(zhong)公豬要(yao)壯實，12個月即可(ke)用于(yu)配種(zhong)(zhong)。1—2歲的種(zhong)(zhong)公豬每星期采(cai)精2—5次，2歲以(yi)(yi)上可(ke)隔一天采(cai)一次。采(cai)精應(ying)在早、晚涼爽時進行。采(cai)精后種(zhong)(zhong)公豬要(yao)加強營養，每次采(cai)精后生喂雞(ji)蛋1—2個。為了加強公豬的體力，應(ying)做適量運(yun)動(dong)，每天趕著公豬運(yun)動(dong)2小時以(yi)(yi)上。

（3）常規管理(li) 根據黔(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長階(jie)段，按時、按量、按標準飼喂，每(mei)天打掃圈(quan)(quan)舍(she)2次，每(mei)周對(dui)(dui)圈(quan)(quan)舍(she)帶豬(zhu)(zhu)消毒(du)2-3次。制定免(mian)疫程序(xu)，按期(qi)接種疫苗，確保豬(zhu)(zhu)群健康。 獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)及休(xiu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)：保持良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang)(yang)管理(li)，盡量減少疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)，減少藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)量，嚴格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)休(xiu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)規定。采用(yong)飲(yin)水或(huo)拌料方式添加(jia)獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)符(fu)合(he)NY5030-2006要(yao)求(qiu)。所購藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)來(lai)自有《獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)產許可(ke)證》和產品(pin)批準文號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產企(qi)業(ye)，購買手(shou)續齊備(bei)存(cun)檔備(bei)查。為做到合(he)理(li)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、正確用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，嚴格(ge)控制和剔除(chu)高殘(can)留(liu)獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，杜絕違(wei)禁藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)，對(dui)(dui)限量使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)嚴禁超量和濫(lan)用(yong)，未作規定限量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)也(ye)不(bu)得(de)濫(lan)用(yong)。獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)必須嚴格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)休(xiu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)制度，每(mei)年(nian)定期(qi)、不(bu)定期(qi)地對(dui)(dui)黔(qian)北(bei)(bei)育成(cheng)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)留(liu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)情(qing)況進行(xing)(xing)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)，治療(liao)過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黔(qian)北(bei)(bei)育成(cheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)應(ying)實行(xing)(xing)隔圈(quan)(quan)飼養(yang)(yang)，在休(xiu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)過(guo)后方可(ke)出欄(lan)。 驅(qu)蟲：一般(ban)每(mei)年(nian)春秋兩次藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)驅(qu)蟲。丙硫咪唑、阿維菌素都具有高效、低毒(du)、廣譜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點，對(dui)(dui)常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胃腸(chang)道線(xian)蟲、肺線(xian)蟲、片型吸(xi)蟲均有效。可(ke)同時驅(qu)除(chu)混合(he)感染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多種寄生(sheng)蟲。

（4）飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管(guan)理(li)質(zhi)量(liang)控制 嚴格按(an)《無公害食品(pin)(pin)肉豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管(guan)理(li)準則》控制和(he)操(cao)作全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)過程，縣(xian)局產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)領導(dao)小組(zu)每年至少對產(chan)(chan)地(di)內(nei)(nei)的生產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)進(jin)行(xing)二(er)次全(quan)面檢查，鎮鄉畜牧(mu)站和(he)農村獸醫人員對產(chan)(chan)地(di)內(nei)(nei)黔北(bei)黑豬(zhu)的無公害生產(chan)(chan)進(jin)行(xing)常年巡查管(guan)理(li)，保證各飼(si)養(yang)(yang)場和(he)農戶(hu)按(an)標準化組(zu)織(zhi)和(he)進(jin)行(xing)生產(chan)(chan)。

（5）投入品(pin)管理

①飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)：飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)應符合NY5150的(de)規定。不(bu)(bu)能在黔(qian)北黑(hei)豬體內埋植或者在飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中添加鎮靜劑(ji)、激素類等違禁藥(yao)品。黔(qian)北育肥黑(hei)豬使(shi)用含(han)有抗(kang)生素的(de)添加劑(ji)時，應按照《飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)添加劑(ji)管理條(tiao)例》執行休(xiu)藥(yao)期。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)性別(bie)、年齡、體重和不(bu)(bu)同(tong)生理狀況的(de)黔(qian)北黑(hei)豬選(xuan)用不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)飼(si)(si)(si)養方(fang)式和飼(si)(si)(si)養標準。飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)種類要多樣(yang)化，適口性要好。飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)營養價值(zhi)要保持相對穩定，不(bu)(bu)能喂發霉(mei)變質(zhi)的(de)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。日糧以(yi)優(you)質(zhi)青(qing)粗飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)為主，適當搭配(pei)精料(liao)(liao)(liao)。選(xuan)用飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)可根(gen)據當地(di)條(tiao)件就(jiu)地(di)取材，同(tong)時，也要考慮(lv)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)價格，以(yi)降低(di)飼(si)(si)(si)養成(cheng)本。

②飲水：經常保持有(you)充足的飲水，水質符合NY5092-2001的要求；定期(qi)清(qing)洗(xi)消毒飲水設備，避(bi)免細菌滋生。放(fang)牧(mu)時應(ying)特(te)別(bie)注(zhu)意(yi)水源問題。

（6）出(chu)(chu)欄后的處(chu)理規(gui)定(ding) 黔北(bei)黔豬(zhu)育肥(fei)豬(zhu)出(chu)(chu)售前應在各鄉鎮檢(jian)疫(yi)員實(shi)施產地(di)檢(jian)疫(yi)；達到休藥(yao)(yao)期、檢(jian)疫(yi)合格才能上(shang)市，不合格的實(shi)行留滯觀(guan)察定(ding)性(xing)后按規(gui)定(ding)處(chu)理；有明顯病狀的豬(zhu)及時隔離或撲殺焚燒、深(shen)埋(mai)等無害化(hua)處(chu)理。以保(bao)證產地(di)育肥(fei)豬(zhu)獸藥(yao)(yao)殘留低于規(gui)定(ding)的動物(wu)性(xing)食(shi)品中獸藥(yao)(yao)最(zui)高殘留限量(liang)。

（7）生產記(ji)錄(lu)要求(qiu)：根據農業部“畜(chu)禽標識(shi)和(he)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檔案(an)管理(li)辦法”規(gui)定，種場及(ji)一般養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)場（戶）都應當建立養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檔案(an)，載明以下內容：品種、數量、繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)記(ji)錄(lu)、標識(shi)情況(kuang)、來源和(he)進出場日期(qi)；飼料投入品和(he)獸藥的(de)來源、名稱(cheng)、使用對(dui)象、時間和(he)用量等有關情況(kuang)；檢疫(yi)、免疫(yi)、監測、消(xiao)毒情況(kuang)；豬的(de)發病、診療、死(si)亡和(he)無害(hai)化處理(li)情況(kuang)。資料應盡可能長(chang)期(qi)保(bao)(bao)存，最少保(bao)(bao)留(liu)2年。

六.包裝標識相關規定

本規定(ding)地域范(fan)圍內的黔(qian)北(bei)黑豬(zhu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營者，在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包(bao)裝(zhuang)上使用(yong)(yong)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，須向遵(zun)義市黔(qian)北(bei)黑豬(zhu)養殖(zhi)專業合(he)(he)作社(she)利(li)現代(dai)農業專業合(he)(he)作社(she)提出申(shen)請，按照相關要求規范(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和使用(yong)(yong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，統一采(cai)用(yong)(yong)黔(qian)北(bei)黑豬(zhu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)和農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相結合(he)(he)的標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注方法。