一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)位于舉世聞(wen)名的(de)(de)(de)“八百里河(he)套米糧川(chuan)”的(de)(de)(de)河(he)套平原(yuan),有2400年的(de)(de)(de)悠久歷(li)史和積淀深厚的(de)(de)(de)文化,漢武帝時期,因(yin)九原(yuan)郡(jun)改為(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)郡(jun)而得名,1912年正式建(jian)縣(xian)至今(jin)。五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)古(gu)有蒙(meng)恬北筑長城(cheng)、衛青抗擊匈奴、詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)李白“迢迢五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)關,朔雪(xue)亂(luan)邊花”的(de)(de)(de)名句,張敬忠的(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)春色(se)歸(gui)來(lai)遲,二月垂楊未掛(gua)絲(si)”的(de)(de)(de)詠誦(song)。近代史上(shang)(shang),被(bei)當地老百姓稱為(wei)(wei)“人(ren)(ren)間河(he)神(shen)”的(de)(de)(de)地方紳士(shi)王同春修渠治水(shui),墾荒置田,首開河(he)套大(da)規(gui)模發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)河(he),使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)地肥沃、氣候宜(yi)人(ren)(ren)、水(shui)渠縱橫(heng)、旱澇(lao)保(bao)收的(de)(de)(de)“塞外江南(nan)”。現(xian)(xian)代史上(shang)(shang),有馮玉(yu)祥將(jiang)軍五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)誓師、傅作(zuo)義將(jiang)軍五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)抗戰,更(geng)使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)聞(wen)名遐邇。據《內蒙(meng)古(gu)自治區(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)志》記載(zai),1936年西紅(hong)柿(shi)(shi)傳入(ru)我區(qu)(qu),我縣(xian)從60-70年代開始種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi),是(shi)多年流傳下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)鄉土(tu)(tu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具(ju)曾(ceng)任(ren)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)蔬菜(cai)辦(ban)主任(ren)現(xian)(xian)其田莊園總經(jing)理(li)郭子(zi)(zi)義及具(ju)有多年種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)經(jing)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民張培、張書(shu)發(fa)等(deng)(deng)介紹,黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)最初(chu)是(shi)由五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)田大(da)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)成(cheng)功,因(yin)其顏色(se)金黃(huang)(huang),口(kou)感好(hao)(hao),從此在周圍的(de)(de)(de)村社(she)中(zhong)推廣開來(lai),黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)最初(chu)只是(shi)當地農(nong)(nong)民分散(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),就近供應。近幾年隨(sui)著(zhu)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和人(ren)(ren)民生活(huo)水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao),因(yin)黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)具(ju)有果實個大(da)肉厚、含水(shui)量(liang)少(shao)、沙(sha)甜(tian)可口(kou)、營養豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi),受到(dao)廣大(da)消費者青睞(lai),逐漸發(fa)展成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)具(ju)有較強(qiang)影響力的(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)特色(se)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)。隨(sui)著(zhu)我縣(xian)設施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展,溫室(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規(gui)模不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da),而且產品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)好(hao)(hao),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)效(xiao)益高(gao)(gao),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)增加(jia)菜(cai)農(nong)(nong)收入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)新興產業(ye)。目(mu)前,我縣(xian)反季節黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)以溫室(shi)(shi)生產為(wei)(wei)主,塑料大(da)棚(peng)(peng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)為(wei)(wei)輔(fu),產品(pin)上(shang)(shang)市時間從4月中(zhong)旬一直延續到(dao)翌年元(yuan)月,基(ji)本實現(xian)(xian)了周年供應,經(jing)濟效(xiao)益和社(she)會效(xiao)益十分顯著(zhu)。溫室(shi)(shi)栽(zai)培平均畝收入(ru)4-6萬(wan)元(yuan),最高(gao)(gao)可達(da)8萬(wan)元(yuan),大(da)棚(peng)(peng)栽(zai)培平均畝效(xiao)益達(da)1.5萬(wan)元(yuan)。近年來(lai),通過采(cai)取提高(gao)(gao)棚(peng)(peng)室(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)、示(shi)范推廣先(xian)(xian)進栽(zai)培管理(li)技(ji)術等(deng)(deng)措施,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)效(xiao)益穩步(bu)增加(jia),菜(cai)農(nong)(nong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)積極性(xing)空前高(gao)(gao)漲,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積現(xian)(xian)已達(da)3000余畝,產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)知名度(du)和影響力不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da),黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)已成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)特色(se)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地貌(mao)情況:巴彥淖爾市地形地貌(mao)簡(jian)稱“一山兩原(yuan)”。以(yi)陰山為(wei)(wei)界大(da)體可分為(wei)(wei)三(san)大(da)區(qu)(qu)域(yu):陰山以(yi)北是以(yi)荒漠半荒漠為(wei)(wei)主的烏拉特(te)草原(yuan),中部為(wei)(wei)陰山山地,陰山南麓至(zhi)黃河北岸(an)為(wei)(wei)河套平原(yuan),五原(yuan)縣就(jiu)處于河套平原(yuan)內,土(tu)(tu)壤類型主要有灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)、堿(jian)土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)和(he)新(xin)積土(tu)(tu)。灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)的主要耕(geng)作土(tu)(tu)壤是灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)壤質灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)層(ceng),耕(geng)作性(xing)好,含(han)鉀量高(gao),對黃柿(shi)子的生長非常有利。
2、水文情況:五原(yuan)縣水源充沛(pei),灌(guan)(guan)溉便利(li)。黃(huang)河(he)流經河(he)套平原(yuan)345公里,年(nian)(nian)徑流總量315億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)。地(di)下水開采量達18億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)。河(he)套灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)由黃(huang)河(he)三盛公水利(li)樞紐自流引水灌(guan)(guan)溉,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)引水量10-11.6億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi),是(shi)亞洲最(zui)大(da)的(de)一(yi)首制自流引水灌(guan)(guan)區(qu),也是(shi)全國(guo)三大(da)灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)之一(yi)。黃(huang)河(he)水是(shi)最(zui)大(da)的(de)地(di)表(biao)水資源,一(yi)般年(nian)(nian)流量336.5億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi),全縣有(you)5大(da)干(gan)渠,9條分(fen)干(gan)渠,135條農渠,密如蛛(zhu)網(wang)的(de)毛(mao)渠灌(guan)(guan)溉著(zhu)全縣土(tu)地(di),每(mei)年(nian)(nian)引水量10~11.6億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)。地(di)下水埋(mai)藏在第四(si)紀沉積(ji)層中,一(yi)般埋(mai)深0.5~3.2m之間,含水厚度30~160m,礦化度低于3g/L。充足的(de)水資源為五原(yuan)黃(huang)柿子提(ti)供(gong)了良好(hao)的(de)灌(guan)(guan)溉條件,而且水量充沛(pei),無工業污染。
3、氣候(hou)情(qing)況:五原(yuan)縣屬中溫(wen)帶大陸性氣候(hou),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)海(hai)拔高度1102.7m,具有光(guang)能(neng)豐富、日(ri)照充足、晝夜溫(wen)差大、降雨(yu)量(liang)少(shao)而集中的(de)(de)特點。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)7.0℃,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)風速2.6m/s,東北風向較多。全年(nian)日(ri)照時數(shu)3192.5h,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照百分率72%,太陽年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)輻(fu)射總數(shu)153.439kcal/平(ping)方厘米,無霜期117~136天。平(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)169mm,降水(shui)(shui)集中在(zai)夏秋(qiu)兩季。年(nian)際降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)變化大。年(nian)蒸發量(liang)2067.8mm,是(shi)降雨(yu)量(liang)的(de)(de)11.5倍(bei),屬半干(gan)旱類型。獨特的(de)(de)氣候(hou)條件,適宜(yi)黃柿子(zi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長發育,并且(qie)遠離污染,產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)優,是(shi)國(guo)家和自(zi)治區重要的(de)(de)綠色農畜(chu)產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)。
4、農(nong)業(ye)環境(jing)質量(liang)五原(yuan)縣(xian)屬于欠(qian)發達地區,主(zhu)要(yao)以農(nong)業(ye)經濟為主(zhu),處于草原(yuan)和(he)沙(sha)漠的包圍之中(zhong),基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)屬于無污染(ran)(ran)地區。據環保部(bu)門測定(ding):五原(yuan)縣(xian)的大(da)氣(qi)綜(zong)(zong)合指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)=0.56,屬一(yi)級水(shui)平,說明(ming)空氣(qi)清(qing)潔,未被(bei)污染(ran)(ran)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)綜(zong)(zong)合指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)=0.78,屬二級清(qing)潔標(biao)準(zhun),基(ji)本(ben)未受到污染(ran)(ran)。灌(guan)溉用水(shui)綜(zong)(zong)合指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)=0.72,屬二級清(qing)潔標(biao)準(zhun)。綜(zong)(zong)上(shang)所述,五原(yuan)縣(xian)的大(da)氣(qi)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、水(shui)質等環境(jing)質量(liang)十分(fen)有利于發展生態農(nong)業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五原(yuan)縣位于內蒙(meng)古(gu)自治區(qu)西(xi)部巴彥(yan)淖爾市,南(nan)鄰黃河(he),北靠陰山,東(dong)西(xi)分別與烏拉(la)特前旗和臨河(he)區(qu)接壤,東(dong)經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東(dong)西(xi)長約62.5公里(li),南(nan)北寬約40公里(li)。地(di)(di)(di)處河(he)套平原(yuan)腹地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)勢平坦,土地(di)(di)(di)坡降僅(jin)為八千分之一。110國道、京藏高速和包(bao)蘭鐵路全境通(tong)過。轄(xia)9個(ge)鄉鎮,117個(ge)行政村,774個(ge)社,總人(ren)口30.3萬人(ren),總戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其中農業人(ren)口21萬,有勞動力10萬人(ren)。五原(yuan)黃柿子地(di)(di)(di)理標志地(di)(di)(di)域保護范圍總生產面積(ji)200公頃,年總產量7500噸。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
產(chan)品(pin)(pin)外(wai)在感觀(guan)特征:五(wu)原黃(huang)柿子屬茄科,是我縣(xian)的(de)地(di)方特色品(pin)(pin)種,該品(pin)(pin)種平均果(guo)重200~250g左右(you),顏色金黃(huang),個大(da)肉厚、含(han)水量(liang)少、沙甜可口、營養豐(feng)富,深受廣大(da)消費者青睞。近年來(lai),隨著我縣(xian)設施(shi)農業(ye)的(de)快速發展,溫室黃(huang)柿子種植(zhi)(zhi)規模不斷擴大(da),而且產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)好,種植(zhi)(zhi)效益高(gao),成為(wei)增加(jia)菜農收(shou)入的(de)新興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)。
產品內在品質特(te)性(xing)(xing):五原黃(huang)柿子(zi)營養豐(feng)富,經檢測(ce),維生素C含(han)量20-30mg/100g,可溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)固形(xing)物含(han)量為2-6%,總酸(以檸檬酸計)含(han)量為0.4-0.65g/100g,產品有(you)促進消化(hua)、抑制多種細菌作用。