一.產品介紹
五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)位于舉世聞(wen)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百(bai)里河(he)(he)套(tao)米糧川(chuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)套(tao)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan),有(you)2400年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)積(ji)(ji)淀深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)文化,漢武(wu)帝(di)時(shi)期,因九(jiu)原(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)改為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)而得名(ming),1912年(nian)正(zheng)式建縣(xian)至今(jin)。五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)古有(you)蒙恬北筑長(chang)城、衛青抗(kang)擊匈奴(nu)、詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)李白(bai)“迢迢五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪(xue)亂邊(bian)花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)句,張(zhang)敬(jing)忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)春色(se)歸來(lai)遲,二月垂楊未(wei)掛絲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)詠(yong)誦。近(jin)代史(shi)(shi)上,被當地老(lao)百(bai)姓稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)間河(he)(he)神”的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)紳士王同春修渠治(zhi)水(shui)(shui),墾荒置(zhi)田(tian),首開河(he)(he)套(tao)大規模(mo)(mo)發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)河(he)(he),使五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土地肥沃、氣候宜人(ren)(ren)(ren)、水(shui)(shui)渠縱橫、旱澇(lao)保(bao)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞(sai)外(wai)江南”。現(xian)代史(shi)(shi)上,有(you)馮玉祥將軍五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)誓師(shi)、傅(fu)作(zuo)義將軍五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)抗(kang)戰(zhan),更使五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)聞(wen)名(ming)遐邇。據《內蒙古自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)志》記(ji)載,1936年(nian)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)入我區(qu),我縣(xian)從60-70年(nian)代開始種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)多年(nian)流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉土品(pin)種(zhong),具(ju)曾(ceng)任五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)蔬菜(cai)(cai)辦主(zhu)任現(xian)其田(tian)莊(zhuang)園總經理(li)(li)郭子(zi)(zi)義及具(ju)有(you)多年(nian)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)張(zhang)培(pei)、張(zhang)書發(fa)等介紹(shao),黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)最(zui)初是(shi)(shi)由(you)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)大戶(hu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功,因其顏色(se)金黃(huang),口感好(hao)(hao),從此(ci)在周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)村社(she)中推廣(guang)開來(lai),黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)最(zui)初只是(shi)(shi)當地農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)分散種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),就(jiu)近(jin)供應(ying)。近(jin)幾年(nian)隨著經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)生活(huo)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),因黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)具(ju)有(you)果實個大肉(rou)厚、含(han)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)少、沙甜(tian)可口、營養豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi),受到廣(guang)大消(xiao)費者青睞,逐漸發(fa)展成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具(ju)有(you)較強影(ying)(ying)響力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)特(te)色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。隨著我縣(xian)設施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展,溫(wen)室黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規模(mo)(mo)不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大,而且產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)好(hao)(hao),種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)益高(gao)(gao),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)增加(jia)菜(cai)(cai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)收(shou)(shou)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)興產(chan)(chan)業。目前(qian),我縣(xian)反季節黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)溫(wen)室生產(chan)(chan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),塑料大棚種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)上市時(shi)間從4月中旬一直延續到翌年(nian)元(yuan)月,基本實現(xian)了周(zhou)年(nian)供應(ying),經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益和(he)(he)社(she)會效(xiao)(xiao)益十分顯著。溫(wen)室栽(zai)培(pei)平(ping)(ping)均畝(mu)(mu)收(shou)(shou)入4-6萬元(yuan),最(zui)高(gao)(gao)可達(da)8萬元(yuan),大棚栽(zai)培(pei)平(ping)(ping)均畝(mu)(mu)效(xiao)(xiao)益達(da)1.5萬元(yuan)。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai),通過采取提(ti)高(gao)(gao)棚室質(zhi)量(liang)、示范推廣(guang)先(xian)進栽(zai)培(pei)管理(li)(li)技術等措施(shi),種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)益穩步增加(jia),菜(cai)(cai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)極性空前(qian)高(gao)(gao)漲,種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)現(xian)已達(da)3000余畝(mu)(mu),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)名(ming)度和(he)(he)影(ying)(ying)響力(li)不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大,黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)特(te)色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況(kuang):巴彥淖(nao)爾市地形地貌簡稱“一山(shan)(shan)(shan)兩原(yuan)”。以(yi)陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)為界(jie)大體(ti)可分為三大區域:陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)北是以(yi)荒(huang)漠(mo)半(ban)荒(huang)漠(mo)為主的(de)烏拉特草原(yuan),中(zhong)部為陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地,陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)南麓(lu)至黃河北岸為河套(tao)(tao)平(ping)原(yuan),五原(yuan)縣就處于河套(tao)(tao)平(ping)原(yuan)內,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型主要(yao)有灌淤(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和新積(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。灌區的(de)主要(yao)耕作(zuo)(zuo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤是灌淤(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),其表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)為壤質灌淤(yu)(yu)層(ceng),耕作(zuo)(zuo)性好,含鉀量高,對黃柿子的(de)生長非(fei)常有利。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:五(wu)原縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充(chong)沛,灌(guan)溉便利。黃(huang)河(he)流經(jing)河(he)套(tao)平(ping)原345公里,年徑流總(zong)量315億(yi)立方米(mi)。地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)開采量達18億(yi)立方米(mi)。河(he)套(tao)灌(guan)區由黃(huang)河(he)三(san)盛公水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞紐自流引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉,每(mei)年引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量10-11.6億(yi)立方米(mi),是(shi)亞洲最(zui)大(da)(da)的一(yi)首制自流引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)區,也是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國三(san)大(da)(da)灌(guan)區之(zhi)一(yi)。黃(huang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)最(zui)大(da)(da)的地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan),一(yi)般(ban)年流量336.5億(yi)立方米(mi),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)有5大(da)(da)干渠(qu),9條分干渠(qu),135條農渠(qu),密如蛛網的毛渠(qu)灌(guan)溉著全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)土地(di)(di),每(mei)年引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量10~11.6億(yi)立方米(mi)。地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)埋藏(zang)在(zai)第四紀沉積層中,一(yi)般(ban)埋深(shen)0.5~3.2m之(zhi)間(jian),含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)厚度30~160m,礦化(hua)度低于(yu)3g/L。充(chong)足的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為五(wu)原黃(huang)柿子提供了良好的灌(guan)溉條件,而且水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量充(chong)沛,無工業污染。
3、氣候情(qing)況:五(wu)原縣屬(shu)中(zhong)溫帶大陸性氣候,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)海拔高度1102.7m,具有光(guang)能豐富、日(ri)照(zhao)充足、晝夜溫差(cha)大、降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)少(shao)而集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)特點。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫7.0℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)風速2.6m/s,東北風向較多。全年(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時數3192.5h,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)百分率72%,太(tai)陽年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)輻射總數153.439kcal/平(ping)(ping)方厘米,無霜期117~136天。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)169mm,降水(shui)集(ji)中(zhong)在夏(xia)秋(qiu)兩季。年(nian)際降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)變化大。年(nian)蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)2067.8mm,是降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)11.5倍,屬(shu)半(ban)干旱類型。獨特的(de)氣候條件,適宜黃柿(shi)子的(de)生(sheng)長發(fa)育,并且遠(yuan)離污染,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質優(you),是國家(jia)和自治區重要(yao)的(de)綠(lv)色農(nong)畜產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)基地。
4、農(nong)業(ye)環境(jing)質(zhi)量五原縣(xian)屬于(yu)欠發達地區,主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)農(nong)業(ye)經濟為主(zhu),處于(yu)草原和沙漠的(de)(de)包圍之中,基本上屬于(yu)無污染地區。據環保部門(men)測定:五原縣(xian)的(de)(de)大氣綜(zong)合(he)(he)指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)=0.56,屬一級(ji)水(shui)平,說(shuo)明空氣清(qing)潔(jie),未(wei)被污染。土(tu)壤綜(zong)合(he)(he)指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)=0.78,屬二(er)級(ji)清(qing)潔(jie)標準(zhun),基本未(wei)受(shou)到污染。灌溉(gai)用水(shui)綜(zong)合(he)(he)指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)=0.72,屬二(er)級(ji)清(qing)潔(jie)標準(zhun)。綜(zong)上所(suo)述,五原縣(xian)的(de)(de)大氣、土(tu)壤、水(shui)質(zhi)等環境(jing)質(zhi)量十分有(you)利于(yu)發展生態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五(wu)原(yuan)縣位于內蒙古自治區(qu)西部巴彥淖爾市(shi),南(nan)鄰黃河(he),北(bei)靠(kao)陰山,東(dong)西分(fen)別與烏拉特前旗和臨河(he)區(qu)接壤,東(dong)經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北(bei)緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東(dong)西長(chang)約(yue)62.5公里(li),南(nan)北(bei)寬約(yue)40公里(li)。地處河(he)套平(ping)原(yuan)腹地,地勢平(ping)坦,土地坡降僅為八千分(fen)之一。110國道、京藏(zang)高速和包蘭鐵路全境通過。轄9個(ge)鄉鎮,117個(ge)行政村,774個(ge)社,總人口30.3萬人,總戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其中農(nong)業人口21萬,有勞動力10萬人。五(wu)原(yuan)黃柿子地理(li)標志地域保護范(fan)圍總生產面積200公頃,年(nian)總產量7500噸。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征(zheng)
產品(pin)(pin)外在感(gan)觀特(te)征:五(wu)原(yuan)黃柿子屬茄(qie)科,是我縣(xian)的(de)(de)地方特(te)色品(pin)(pin)種,該品(pin)(pin)種平均果重200~250g左右,顏(yan)色金黃,個大(da)肉厚、含(han)水量少(shao)、沙甜可(ke)口、營養(yang)豐富,深受廣大(da)消費者(zhe)青睞。近年來(lai),隨著我縣(xian)設施農業(ye)的(de)(de)快速(su)發展,溫室黃柿子種植規(gui)模不(bu)斷擴大(da),而且產品(pin)(pin)質量好,種植效益高,成(cheng)為(wei)增(zeng)加菜農收入的(de)(de)新興產業(ye)。
產品內在(zai)品質特性(xing):五原黃柿子(zi)營養豐(feng)富(fu),經檢測,維生素C含量(liang)20-30mg/100g,可溶性(xing)固形物含量(liang)為(wei)2-6%,總酸(以檸檬酸計)含量(liang)為(wei)0.4-0.65g/100g,產品有(you)促進(jin)消化(hua)、抑制(zhi)多(duo)種細(xi)菌(jun)作(zuo)用。