一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)原縣位于舉世聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百里河套米糧川”的(de)(de)(de)(de)河套平原,有2400年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史和(he)(he)積淀深(shen)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化,漢武帝時期,因(yin)九原郡改為(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)原郡而(er)得名(ming),1912年(nian)正式建縣至今(jin)。五(wu)(wu)原古有蒙(meng)恬北筑長城(cheng)、衛青(qing)抗擊匈奴、詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)李白“迢(tiao)(tiao)迢(tiao)(tiao)五(wu)(wu)原關,朔雪亂邊花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)句,張敬忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)原春(chun)色歸來遲,二(er)月垂楊未掛絲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)詠(yong)誦。近代(dai)史上(shang),被當(dang)地老百姓(xing)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“人(ren)(ren)間(jian)河神”的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方紳士王同春(chun)修渠治(zhi)水(shui),墾荒置田(tian),首開河套大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)發展(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)河,使(shi)五(wu)(wu)原成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)地肥沃、氣候宜人(ren)(ren)、水(shui)渠縱橫、旱(han)澇保(bao)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞外(wai)江南”。現(xian)代(dai)史上(shang),有馮(feng)玉祥將軍五(wu)(wu)原誓師、傅作(zuo)義將軍五(wu)(wu)原抗戰,更(geng)使(shi)五(wu)(wu)原聞名(ming)遐邇。20世紀八十年(nian)代(dai),我縣就開始種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植燈(deng)(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua),但因(yin)其果皮較(jiao)薄,不耐貯運(yun)(yun),產(chan)(chan)量較(jiao)低,而(er)且當(dang)時交(jiao)通還不太發達(da),無法長途(tu)運(yun)(yun)輸,比較(jiao)效益較(jiao)低,所以(yi)只是當(dang)地農(nong)民分散種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,就近供應(ying)。但同時也因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我縣具有光(guang)能豐富(fu)、日(ri)照(zhao)充足、晝夜溫差(cha)大(da)(da)(da)(da)、降雨量少而(er)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候特點,主要耕作(zuo)土(tu)壤是灌淤土(tu),其表土(tu)層為(wei)(wei)(wei)壤質灌淤層,耕作(zuo)性(xing)好,含(han)鉀量高(gao),對糖和(he)(he)淀粉的(de)(de)(de)(de)積累非常有利(li),適(shi)合(he)(he)燈(deng)(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua)皮薄肉厚、香(xiang)(xiang)脆(cui)爽(shuang)甜,營養(yang)豐富(fu),深(shen)受(shou)廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)消費者(zhe)青(qing)睞,當(dang)地人(ren)(ren)稱“藏(zang)不住的(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua)”,所以(yi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也一直流傳下(xia)來。近年(nian)來由于縣政府對縣域特色經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi),我縣設施(shi)農(nong)業(ye)得到了快速發展(zhan),燈(deng)(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植形式不斷(duan)優化,由原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)露(lu)地種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植發展(zhan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)溫室、大(da)(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)小拱(gong)棚、露(lu)地相結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植方式,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積現(xian)已達(da)200余公(gong)頃(qing),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植規(gui)模(mo)不斷(duan)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)。產(chan)(chan)品供應(ying)從4月份(fen)至11月份(fen)貨源不斷(duan),暢銷區內外(wai),知(zhi)名(ming)度和(he)(he)影響力(li)不斷(duan)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da),特別(bie)是晏安和(he)(he)橋燈(deng)(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)遠(yuan)近聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)名(ming)品牌。隨著燈(deng)(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua)栽培技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)創(chuang)新,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植效益不斷(duan)提高(gao),大(da)(da)(da)(da)棚種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植平均(jun)畝收入(ru)8000—12000元,最高(gao)可達(da)2萬(wan)元;溫室種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植平均(jun)畝收入(ru)3—4萬(wan)元,最高(gao)可達(da)6萬(wan)元。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人文(wen)歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況:巴彥(yan)淖爾市地(di)形地(di)貌簡(jian)稱“一(yi)山(shan)兩原”。以陰(yin)山(shan)為(wei)界大(da)體可分(fen)為(wei)三(san)大(da)區域:陰(yin)山(shan)以北是以荒漠半荒漠為(wei)主的(de)烏(wu)拉特草原,中部為(wei)陰(yin)山(shan)山(shan)地(di),陰(yin)山(shan)南麓(lu)至黃河北岸為(wei)河套平原,五(wu)原縣就處于(yu)河套平原內,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型主要有灌淤土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)和新積土(tu)(tu)。灌區的(de)主要耕作土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)是灌淤土(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)壤(rang)質(zhi)灌淤層(ceng)(ceng),耕作性好,含鉀(jia)量高(gao),對(dui)糖和淀粉的(de)積累非常有利。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:五原(yuan)縣水(shui)(shui)源充(chong)(chong)沛,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)便利(li)。黃(huang)(huang)河(he)流(liu)經(jing)河(he)套(tao)平原(yuan)345公里,年徑流(liu)總量(liang)(liang)315億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)。地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)開采量(liang)(liang)達18億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)。河(he)套(tao)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區由黃(huang)(huang)河(he)三盛公水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞紐自流(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai),每(mei)年引(yin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)10-11.6億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)米(mi),是亞洲最(zui)大的(de)一首制(zhi)自流(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區,也是全(quan)(quan)國三大灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區之(zhi)一。黃(huang)(huang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)是最(zui)大的(de)地表水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源,一般年流(liu)量(liang)(liang)336.5億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)米(mi),全(quan)(quan)縣有5大干渠(qu),9條分干渠(qu),135條農渠(qu),密如蛛網的(de)毛渠(qu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)著全(quan)(quan)縣土(tu)地,每(mei)年引(yin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)10~11.6億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)。地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)埋(mai)藏在第四紀(ji)沉積層(ceng)中,一般埋(mai)深0.5~3.2m之(zhi)間(jian),含水(shui)(shui)厚度30~160米(mi),礦(kuang)化度低于3g/L。充(chong)(chong)足的(de)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源為五原(yuan)燈籠紅香瓜提供了良好的(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)條件,而且水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)充(chong)(chong)沛,無工業污染。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:五原(yuan)(yuan)縣屬(shu)(shu)中溫(wen)帶大(da)陸(lu)性氣(qi)候(hou),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)海拔(ba)高度(du)1102.7米(mi),具有光能豐富、日照(zhao)充足(zu)、晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大(da)、降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)少(shao)而(er)集中的(de)(de)特(te)點。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)7.0℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)風速2.6米(mi)/秒,東北風向較多。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數3192.5小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)百分率72%,太陽(yang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)輻射總數153.439kcal/平(ping)(ping)方厘(li)米(mi),無(wu)霜期(qi)117~136天。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)169㎜,降(jiang)水集中在夏秋兩季。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)際降(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)變化大(da)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸發量(liang)(liang)2067.8㎜,是降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)11.5倍,屬(shu)(shu)半干旱類型。獨特(te)的(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件,適宜五原(yuan)(yuan)燈籠紅香瓜的(de)(de)生長發育,并且遠離污(wu)染(ran),產(chan)品品質(zhi)優,是國(guo)家和(he)自治區重要的(de)(de)綠色農畜產(chan)品生產(chan)基地(di)。 4、農業環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)五原(yuan)(yuan)縣屬(shu)(shu)于欠發達地(di)區,主要以農業經濟為主,處于草原(yuan)(yuan)和(he)沙漠的(de)(de)包圍(wei)之中,基本(ben)上屬(shu)(shu)于無(wu)污(wu)染(ran)地(di)區。據環保部門測定:五原(yuan)(yuan)縣的(de)(de)大(da)氣(qi)綜(zong)合指數P綜(zong)=0.56,屬(shu)(shu)一級(ji)(ji)水平(ping)(ping),說(shuo)明空氣(qi)清(qing)(qing)潔,未被污(wu)染(ran)。土(tu)壤綜(zong)合指數P綜(zong)=0.78,屬(shu)(shu)二級(ji)(ji)清(qing)(qing)潔標(biao)準(zhun),基本(ben)未受到污(wu)染(ran)。灌溉用水綜(zong)合指數P綜(zong)=0.72,屬(shu)(shu)二級(ji)(ji)清(qing)(qing)潔標(biao)準(zhun)。綜(zong)上所述,五原(yuan)(yuan)縣的(de)(de)大(da)氣(qi)、土(tu)壤、水質(zhi)等環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)十分有利于發展生態農業。
三.地域范圍
五原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)位于內蒙古自(zi)治區(qu)西(xi)部(bu)巴彥淖爾(er)市(shi),南鄰黃河,北靠陰山(shan),東(dong)西(xi)分別(bie)與烏拉特前(qian)旗和(he)臨河區(qu)接壤,東(dong)經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″,東(dong)西(xi)長約62.5公(gong)里,南北寬約40公(gong)里,地處河套平原(yuan)腹(fu)地,地勢平坦,土地坡降僅為八千(qian)分之一,110國道、京藏高(gao)速和(he)包蘭(lan)鐵路全(quan)(quan)境通過。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)轄9個鄉(xiang)鎮,117個行(xing)政村,774個社(she),總(zong)人口30.3萬(wan)人,總(zong)戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其(qi)中(zhong)農業人口21萬(wan),有勞(lao)動(dong)力10萬(wan)人,總(zong)耕地面積(ji)230萬(wan)畝。五原(yuan)燈(deng)籠紅香瓜總(zong)生(sheng)產面積(ji)200公(gong)頃,年(nian)總(zong)產量4000噸。
四(si).產品品質特性特征
產品(pin)外(wai)在感觀特征:五(wu)原燈籠(long)紅(hong)香(xiang)瓜屬葫蘆科(ke),是(shi)我(wo)縣的地(di)方特色品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),因其外(wai)型酷(ku)像(xiang)燈籠(long),故流傳至今譽稱為燈籠(long)紅(hong)香(xiang)瓜,該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)平均果(guo)重400 g左右,果(guo)皮灰(hui)綠,皮薄肉(rou)厚、香(xiang)脆爽甜,營養豐(feng)富,深受廣大(da)消費者青睞。
產品(pin)內在品(pin)質特性:五(wu)原燈籠紅香(xiang)瓜果實(shi)營養豐富,經檢測(ce),維生素C含量(liang)為22-32mg/100g,含鉀量(liang)為150-200mg/100g,可溶性固形(xing)物含量(liang)為8-14/%,能量(liang)為140-200kj/100g。產品(pin)有促進消(xiao)化、抑制多種(zhong)細菌作(zuo)用。