一.產品介紹
延壽縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)大豆(dou)至(zhi)今已有近100年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史。據《延壽縣(xian)志》記載,建縣(xian)(1903年(nian)(nian)(nian))開(kai)(kai)始(shi)農(nong)民(min)就種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)大豆(dou),到(dao)民(min)國20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)),大豆(dou)面積(ji)(ji)已達53.6萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。由(you)于日本侵略者(zhe)的(de)掠奪,大豆(dou)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)受(shou)到(dao)影響,到(dao)1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)大豆(dou)面積(ji)(ji)下降到(dao)43.4萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。到(dao)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)大豆(dou)面積(ji)(ji)減(jian)少到(dao)18萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。從1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)試驗示范并推(tui)廣東農(nong)26大豆(dou)新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)高產(chan)(chan)栽培(pei)技術,逐(zhu)步(bu)結束(shu)大豆(dou)人(ren)工埯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、扣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)傳統種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技術。實(shi)行起壟合(he)理密植(zhi)(zhi)栽培(pei)技術。大豆(dou)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)有原來的(de)畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)100-150斤,一(yi)躍提(ti)升到(dao)300-350斤,實(shi)現翻番(fan)增(zeng)產(chan)(chan)。到(dao)1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)肥料使(shi)用上(shang),結合(he)有機肥逐(zhu)步(bu)增(zeng)施化(hua)肥用量(liang),在(zai)除草(cao)方面結合(he)人(ren)工中(zhong)耕除草(cao)逐(zhu)步(bu)推(tui)行化(hua)學除草(cao),減(jian)輕農(nong)民(min)勞動(dong)量(liang)。到(dao)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian),大豆(dou)面積(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)到(dao)40萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),到(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)大豆(dou)面積(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)到(dao)60萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),產(chan)(chan)量(liang)9萬(wan)噸。全(quan)(quan)面整合(he)大豆(dou)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),按區域布局和積(ji)(ji)溫區劃,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)主推(tui)五(wu)黑農(nong)54、黑農(nong)48、黑農(nong)38、黑農(nong)44和合(he)豐45等核心品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)率達到(dao)95%以上(shang)。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)因素
本部分內容(rong)主要(yao)表述影(ying)響(xiang)延壽大(da)豆品(pin)質(zhi)、特色形成和(he)保持(chi)的下列內容(rong): (1)土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情況:延壽大(da)豆生產地(di)(di)域地(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦,無(wu)工(gong)業(ye)“三廢(fei)”污染(ran),地(di)(di)凈田(tian)潔,土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)肥沃,為黑粘土(tu)(tu)、沙壤土(tu)(tu)質(zhi),地(di)(di)勢低洼(wa),土(tu)(tu)壤有機質(zhi)含量3%—6%,自然肥力較高,特別(bie)適合大(da)豆生長(chang)。
(2)水(shui)文情況:黑龍江(jiang)省哈爾濱市延壽(shou)縣境(jing)(jing)內有(you)螞蜒河(he)、亮珠河(he)兩大水(shui)系,該基(ji)地位于(yu)灌(guan)溉(gai)區上(shang)游,無任何(he)污染。氣候溫和(he),光照充足,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛,生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)良好(hao),森林(lin)覆蓋率在46.9%。現有(you)中型水(shui)庫2座(zuo),小型水(shui)庫25座(zuo),萬畝以上(shang)灌(guan)區10處(chu),提(ti)水(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)站點617處(chu),塘(tang)壩1,600座(zuo)。
(3)延(yan)壽(shou)縣地(di)處中(zhong)緯度亞洲(zhou)大陸(lu)東(dong)側(ce),屬中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)大陸(lu)性季風氣(qi)候(hou)。全(quan)縣年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)2.6℃。歷年(nian)最(zui)(zui)低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)-42.6℃,歷年(nian)最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)35℃,多年(nian)平均(jun)積溫(wen)(wen)螞蜒(yan)河(he)兩岸(an)為(wei)(wei)2493.5℃,山(shan)區與(yu)平原(yuan)過渡地(di)帶(dai)丘(qiu)陵漫(man)崗區為(wei)(wei)2300℃左(zuo)右。多年(nian)平均(jun)無霜期為(wei)(wei)122—129天(tian)。縣境內年(nian)平均(jun)降水量(liang)為(wei)(wei)570.9毫米,年(nian)平均(jun)日照時數為(wei)(wei)2490.1小時,延(yan)壽(shou)縣的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特點是典型的(de)水旱兼(jian)作農(nong)業氣(qi)候(hou)區。
(4)人文歷史情況(kuang):延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)至(zhi)今已有(you)(you)(you)近(jin)100年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史。據(ju)《延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)縣(xian)志》記載,建縣(xian)(1903年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))開(kai)(kai)始農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民就(jiu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou),到(dao)(dao)民國20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)已達(da)536820畝(mu)(mu)。到(dao)(dao)偽康(kang)德元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1934年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))猛增(zeng)到(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)(mu)。由(you)于日本(ben)侵略(lve)者(zhe)的(de)掠奪,大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)生產(chan)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)影響,到(dao)(dao)1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)下降到(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)(mu)。到(dao)(dao)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)到(dao)(dao)180120畝(mu)(mu)。到(dao)(dao)1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)186913畝(mu)(mu),牧場(chang)234斤(jin)。總(zong)產(chan)4379萬(wan)斤(jin)。從(cong)1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始試驗示范(fan)并推(tui)廣東農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)26大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)高產(chan)栽培技(ji)(ji)術(shu),逐(zhu)步(bu)結束大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)人工(gong)(gong)埯(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、扣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)傳統種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。實(shi)行起壟合(he)(he)理密植(zhi)(zhi)栽培技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)產(chan)量有(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)100-150斤(jin),一躍提升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)300-350斤(jin),實(shi)現翻番增(zeng)產(chan)。到(dao)(dao)1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在肥(fei)料使用上(shang),結合(he)(he)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)逐(zhu)步(bu)增(zeng)施(shi)(shi)化(hua)肥(fei)用量,在除(chu)草(cao)方面(mian)(mian)結合(he)(he)人工(gong)(gong)中耕除(chu)草(cao)逐(zhu)步(bu)推(tui)行化(hua)學(xue)除(chu)草(cao),減輕農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民勞動量。到(dao)(dao)1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),由(you)于高效(xiao)經(jing)濟(ji)作物的(de)迅速發展(zhan),部分農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民大(da)(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)作物,到(dao)(dao)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)40萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),從(cong)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),到(dao)(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)60萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),產(chan)量6萬(wan)噸(dun)。全面(mian)(mian)整(zheng)合(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),按區(qu)域布局和(he)(he)積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)區(qu)劃,全縣(xian)主推(tui)五(wu)黑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)54、黑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)48、黑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)38、黑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)44和(he)(he)合(he)(he)豐(feng)45等核心品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)率(lv)達(da)到(dao)(dao)90%以(yi)上(shang)。全面(mian)(mian)推(tui)廣大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)龍三(san)栽培豐(feng)產(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、機(ji)械播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、平(ping)衡施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。自2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始實(shi)施(shi)(shi)品(pin)牌(pai)戰略(lve),引(yin)進(jin)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)深(shen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業:哈爾濱(bin)延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)香其(qi)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)業有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)和(he)(he)哈爾濱(bin)延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)永(yong)和(he)(he)食品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)。重點打(da)造(zao)“香其(qi)”品(pin)牌(pai)和(he)(he)“永(yong)和(he)(he)”品(pin)牌(pai),把(ba)延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)進(jin)行深(shen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)使延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)成“香其(qi)”牌(pai)豆(dou)(dou)瓣醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及(ji)其(qi)香辣(la)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)香其(qi)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),走出(chu)省門打(da)入南方市場(chang),其(qi)品(pin)牌(pai)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)亮,越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)響。目(mu)前,“永(yong)和(he)(he)”品(pin)牌(pai)已成為(wei)中國馳名商標,“香其(qi)”牌(pai)發展(zhan)為(wei)省著名商標。這兩家企(qi)業年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)近(jin)2萬(wan)噸(dun)。延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)經(jing)檢(jian)測,沒有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘留和(he)(he)重金屬殘留,非(fei)常適合(he)(he)做豆(dou)(dou)瓣醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。是加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)香其(qi)醬(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)優(you)質原(yuan)料。
三.地域范圍
地(di)理位置為: 位于黑龍江省東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南部(bu),張廣才嶺西麓,松(song)花江南岸(an)的螞蜒(yan)河(he)中游。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)127°54'20″至129°04'30″,北(bei)(bei)緯45°10'10″至45°45'25″,西部(bu)、南部(bu)與尚志(zhi)市為鄰,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)與方正(zheng)縣(xian)接壤,西北(bei)(bei)與賓縣(xian)毗連。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西長(chang)90公里(li),南北(bei)(bei)寬65公里(li),幅員面積3,149.55平方公里(li)。全縣(xian)有5鎮(zhen)(zhen)4鄉(xiang)(xiang)106個(ge)行(xing)政(zheng)村,耕地(di)面積161.5萬畝(mu)。地(di)理標志(zhi)保護區(qu)域(yu)94600公頃,包括延壽鎮(zhen)(zhen)、六團(tuan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、安山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、壽山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、玉河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、延河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、青川鄉(xiang)(xiang)7個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的旱田大(da)豆主產(chan)(chan)區(qu),大(da)豆面積33300公頃。產(chan)(chan)大(da)豆7萬噸左右。
四.產品品質特性特征
本部分(fen)內容(rong)主要表述反(fan)映登記產品(pin)特有的(de)品(pin)質特性特征和產品(pin)質量(liang)安全方(fang)面遵循的(de)規定,主要包括:
(1)外在感官特征:延壽(shou)大豆多為(wei)扁(bian)圓和長橢圓形(xing),粒(li)形(xing)較(jiao)小,籽(zi)粒(li)飽滿,百粒(li)重19-21克左右(you)。粒(li)色一般(ban)為(wei)黃(huang)色、淡黃(huang)色。臍(qi)色為(wei)淡黃(huang)色。表(biao)面(mian)光滑,硬(ying)度好。
(2)內在(zai)品質指標:由于(yu)(yu)延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆多(duo)種(zhong)于(yu)(yu)山(shan)地,其(qi)內在(zai)質量和營養成分(fen)明顯優(you)于(yu)(yu)熟地栽培。經農(nong)業部谷物及(ji)制品質量監督(du)檢驗(yan)測(ce)試(shi)中心檢測(ce)粗(cu)蛋白(干 基)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)40%、粗(cu)脂肪含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)20%。粗(cu)纖維含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)9%、每(mei)(mei)100g延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)a-維生素E含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.1IU、含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)鈣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)140mg、含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)鐵大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)8mg、每(mei)(mei)千克大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)鋅大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)43mg、含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)硒大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.01mg、17種(zhong)氨基酸含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)35%,非常適合加工優(you)質豆瓣(ban)醬(jiang)。 目前,延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆栽培主(zhu)要分(fen)布在(zai)南北山(shan)區(qu)后開(kai)發耕地,土(tu)壤(rang)以沙壤(rang)土(tu)為主(zhu),土(tu)壤(rang)有機質含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量在(zai)5%以上,使用(yong)少量的化肥和農(nong)藥(yao)就可以獲得優(you)質高產大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆,沒有農(nong)藥(yao)殘留。另(ling)外,南北山(shan)區(qu)是(shi)延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)縣(xian)第三、第四積溫(wen)區(qu),晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),積累干物質多(duo),內在(zai)質量高。以延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆為原料做(zuo)的豆瓣(ban)醬(jiang),經哈爾濱延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)香其(qi)醬(jiang)業有限(xian)公(gong)司于(yu)(yu)2008年12月29日(ri),依據(ju)GB/T5009.11-2003、GB/5009.12-2003,對砷(As)、鉛(Pb)、農(nong)藥(yao)殘留三大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)類190個子項經普尼測(ce)試(shi),檢測(ce)結果全部合格(ge)。說明延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆安全水平高。
(3)安(an)(an)全要求:延壽大豆(dou)(dou)在生產和加工過(guo)程中嚴格執行大豆(dou)(dou)農產品(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi)質量控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)規范。大豆(dou)(dou)產地環(huan)境條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)符合《無(wu)公(gong)害食品(pin)、大田作物(wu)產地環(huan)境條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(NY5332-2006)》等相關(guan)文件(jian)的要求,無(wu)公(gong)害食品(pin)大豆(dou)(dou),GB/T 8321農藥合理使(shi)用(yong)(yong)標(biao)準,GB428農藥安(an)(an)全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)規定標(biao)準等國家強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)規定。
五(wu).特定生產方式
(1)選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)與(yu)選(xuan)(xuan)茬(cha) 要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)勢平坦、耕層深厚、土壤肥力(li)較高、經過伏、秋翻或耙茬(cha)深松整(zheng)地(di)的(de)(de)地(di)塊,前茬(cha)以玉米(mi)、馬鈴薯為主,不重茬(cha),不迎茬(cha)。 (2)種(zhong)(zhong)子及其(qi)處理 A品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 根據當地(di)生態條件,因地(di)制(zhi)宜的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)經過省農作物品種(zhong)(zhong)審定委員會(hui)審定通過的(de)(de)優(you)質高產、熟期適宜、喜肥水、抗逆性強(qiang)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)或專用品種(zhong)(zhong)。大豆45厘米(mi)雙條密植栽培(pei)技術要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)矮(ai)(ai)稈(gan)、半矮(ai)(ai)稈(gan)、耐密稈(gan)強(qiang)抗倒伏優(you)質高產品種(zhong)(zhong)。 B種(zhong)(zhong)子精(jing)(jing)選(xuan)(xuan)、處理 種(zhong)(zhong)子播前要(yao)進行精(jing)(jing)選(xuan)(xuan),使種(zhong)(zhong)子純度、凈度不低于(yu)98%,發芽率不低于(yu)90%,含水量不高于(yu)12%。
①種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包衣(yi)(yi)。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)用35%多克(ke)福大(da)豆(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)劑包衣(yi)(yi)。防治大(da)豆(dou)根腐病可用2.5%的適樂時(shi)懸浮劑拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong),大(da)豆(dou)根潛葉蠅、蠐螬等地(di)下(xia)害蟲可用50%的辛硫磷拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong),陰(yin)干(gan)后即可播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。 ②微肥(fei)拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)。畝(mu)產200公(gong)(gong)斤、220公(gong)(gong)斤地(di)塊可選(xuan)用鉬(mu)酸銨、硼鉬(mu)微復肥(fei)等進行拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)提高大(da)豆(dou)出苗率和固氮能力,陰(yin)干(gan)后可進行種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包衣(yi)(yi)。
(3)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei) A施(shi)(shi)底肥(fei) 結合整地200公(gong)斤地塊每公(gong)頃(qing)施(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)的有機肥(fei)(有機質含量8%以(yi)上(shang))30噸,畝產250公(gong)斤地塊每公(gong)頃(qing)施(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)的有機肥(fei)(有機質含量8%以(yi)上(shang))45噸,結合秋整地做底肥(fei)一次施(shi)(shi)入(ru)。 B種肥(fei)
①施(shi)肥原則。采用測土配方(fang)平(ping)衡施(shi)肥,各地(di)(di)可根據測土結果因(yin)地(di)(di)制宜確定施(shi)肥量。
②參考施肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)。畝產150公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)塊每公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)化肥(fei)(fei)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)尿素(su)要在(zai)45—50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),磷酸(suan)二(er)銨150公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you);畝產200公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)塊每公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)化肥(fei)(fei)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)尿素(su)50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),磷酸(suan)二(er)銨175公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)75公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you);畝產250公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)塊每公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)化肥(fei)(fei)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)尿素(su)50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),磷酸(suan)二(er)銨200公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)100公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)。
③施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方式。在(zai)播(bo)種(zhong)的(de)同時施(shi)(shi)入種(zhong)肥(fei),種(zhong)肥(fei)要(yao)做到分層側深施(shi)(shi),一般分上(shang)下二層施(shi)(shi)肥(fei),上(shang)層施(shi)(shi)在(zai)種(zhong)下5~6厘(li)(li)米處,切忌種(zhong)肥(fei)同位(wei),以(yi)免燒種(zhong),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)占(zhan)總(zong)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)的(de)1/3。下層施(shi)(shi)在(zai)種(zhong)下12~14厘(li)(li)米處;肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)占(zhan)總(zong)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)的(de)2/3。(4)播(bo)種(zhong) 播(bo)期:
①5月(yue)5日(ri)(ri)至5月(yue)10日(ri)(ri)。 ②播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)法(fa) 機械壟(long)上雙(shuang)行(xing)等距精(jing)量(liang)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),選擇氣吸(xi)式播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機或2BT—2型播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機,65~70厘(li)(li)米(mi)行(xing)距;45厘(li)(li)米(mi)窄行(xing)密植地塊應用2BTG-3型播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機精(jing)量(liang)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。 ③播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)量(liang) 根據品種(zhong)(zhong)特性、肥水條(tiao)(tiao)件及栽(zai)培(pei)方式而定。 公頃(qing)(qing)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)公斤/公頃(qing)(qing)=公頃(qing)(qing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)苗(miao)數×百粒重(g)/凈度(%)×發芽率(lv)(%)×105×{1+田(tian)間損失率(lv)(%)}田(tian)間損失率(lv)以10%計算,實播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)與計算誤差為(wei)(wei)±3%。 壟(long)三”栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術要求公頃(qing)(qing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)苗(miao)25-30萬株;45厘(li)(li)米(mi)雙(shuang)條(tiao)(tiao)密植栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術要求公頃(qing)(qing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)苗(miao)35-40萬株。 ④播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang) 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)均(jun)勻無斷條(tiao)(tiao),20厘(li)(li)米(mi)內無籽為(wei)(wei)斷條(tiao)(tiao),每5米(mi)斷條(tiao)(tiao)不(bu)超過(guo)一處(chu)。機械壟(long)上播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時應對準(zhun)壟(long)頂中心,偏差為(wei)(wei)±3厘(li)(li)米(mi)。
(5)田間管理
A中耕 當大(da)豆拱(gong)土時(shi),進行鏟前深松。出苗(miao)后及(ji)時(shi)鏟趟(tang),做到兩(liang)鏟三趟(tang),鏟趟(tang)傷苗(miao)率小(xiao)于3%。后期拔凈大(da)草。
B灌(guan)水 根據旱情和生長發育需水規律各地要因地制(zhi)宜(yi)進行灌(guan)水。
C促控結合 大(da)(da)豆前(qian)期長勢較(jiao)弱(ruo)時,在大(da)(da)豆初(chu)花期每公(gong)(gong)頃用尿素10公(gong)(gong)斤加(jia)磷酸二氫鉀1.5-2.5公(gong)(gong)斤溶于500公(gong)(gong)斤水中噴施(shi),并根據(ju)需要(yao)加(jia)入硼鉬等微量元素肥(fei)料。大(da)(da)豆植株生長旺盛,在初(chu)花期選用多效唑、三碘苯甲酸等化控劑(ji)進行調控,控制(zhi)大(da)(da)豆徒長,防止后期倒(dao)伏。
D化學除草
①播后苗前土(tu)壤(rang)封閉(bi)處(chu)理。春季干旱區提倡苗后除草,如土(tu)壤(rang)墑(di)情好可(ke)采(cai)取土(tu)壤(rang)封閉(bi)處(chu)理。在大豆(dou)播后出苗前,每(mei)公頃用90%乙草胺(禾耐(nai)斯)1800~2250毫升加48%廣滅靈(ling)800~1000毫升對(dui)水450公斤土(tu)壤(rang)噴霧(wu)。
②莖葉處理。在大豆(dou)出苗后,雜草(cao)2~4葉期,每(mei)公頃用(yong)5%精禾草(cao)克乳油750~900毫升加25%的氟磺(huang)胺草(cao)醚1000~1500毫升,對水450公斤噴(pen)霧。
E病蟲害綜合防(fang)治
①蚜蟲。點(dian)片發(fa)生并有5%~10%的(de)植株(zhu)(zhu)卷葉或有蚜株(zhu)(zhu)率達到50%時,百株(zhu)(zhu)蚜量達1500頭以上,天敵數量很(hen)少(shao)時,每(mei)公(gong)頃用10%的(de)吡(bi)蟲啉1500克對(dui)水(shui)450~500公(gong)斤噴霧。
②大豆食心蟲。當上一(yi)年的蟲食率達(da)到5%以(yi)上時達(da)到防治指(zhi)標,每(mei)公頃用(yong)80%敵(di)敵(di)畏乳油1500~2000毫升制(zhi)成(cheng)毒棍,每(mei)4壟插(cha)(cha)一(yi)行,每(mei)5m插(cha)(cha)一(yi)根(gen),或用(yong)菊酯類的農藥常規噴霧。
③草地螟。大豆百(bai)株(zhu)有幼蟲(chong)30頭(tou)~50頭(tou),大部分(fen)幼蟲(chong)3齡期,可(ke)用2.5%敵殺死(si)225~300毫升對水450~500公斤常規噴霧。
④大豆菌(jun)核病(bing)。7月初(chu)用25%施保(bao)克1500毫升/公頃(qing)或40%菌(jun)核凈1050克/公頃(qing)于(yu)發病(bing)初(chu)期噴(pen)一次(ci),隔7天~10天再噴(pen)一次(ci)。
(6)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo) A收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)時(shi)期(qi) 人工收(shou)(shou)獲(huo),落葉達90%時(shi)進行(xing);機械聯合收(shou)(shou)割(ge),葉片全部(bu)落凈、豆粒歸圓時(shi)進行(xing)。 B收(shou)(shou)割(ge)質量 割(ge)茬低(di),不留莢,割(ge)茬高度以不留底莢為準,一般為5~6厘(li)米。收(shou)(shou)割(ge)損失率小于(yu)(yu)1%,脫粒損失率小于(yu)(yu)2%,破碎率小于(yu)(yu)5%,泥花臉(lian)率小于(yu)(yu)5%,清潔率大于(yu)(yu)95%。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)延(yan)壽(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)的(de)分級(ji):延(yan)壽(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)分為(wei)三個等(deng)(deng)級(ji),為(wei)一等(deng)(deng)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou),二等(deng)(deng)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou) 和三等(deng)(deng)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)。
(2)標(biao)識:標(biao)志(zhi)使用人(ren)應在其產(chan)品或包(bao)裝上統(tong)一使用農產(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)( 延壽大豆(dou)名稱和公共標(biao)識圖案組合(he)標(biao)注形式)。
(3)包(bao)(bao)裝:編織袋包(bao)(bao)裝,規格25公斤/袋。包(bao)(bao)裝材料符合國家糧食包(bao)(bao)裝衛(wei)生要求(qiu),并符合環境(jing)保護的要求(qiu)。包(bao)(bao)裝材料堅固、清(qing)潔、干燥、無任何昆 蟲傳播(bo)、真菌污染及不良(liang)氣味(wei)。
(4)貯存(cun):在避光、常溫、干燥(zao)和有(you)(you)防潮(chao)設施處(chu)貯存(cun)。 原料按指定(ding)原料庫(ku)貯存(cun),貯存(cun)數量,執行管理規定(ding)。貯存(cun)庫(ku)房清潔、干燥(zao)、通風良好,無蟲害(hai)及鼠害(hai)。嚴(yan)禁與有(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)害(hai)、有(you)(you)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)、易(yi)發霉、發 潮(chao)、有(you)(you)異味的物品(pin)混存(cun),成品(pin)貯存(cun)按品(pin)種、標號(hao)、編號(hao)、生產日(ri)期分別存(cun)放,以免混雜和受潮(chao)。
(5)運輸:運輸工具(ju)清(qing)潔(jie)、干燥、有(you)防雨(yu)放雪設施(shi)。嚴禁與有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害、有(you)腐蝕性、有(you)異味的物品混運。