一.產品介紹
延(yan)壽(shou)縣種(zhong)(zhong)植大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)至今已(yi)有近100年的(de)歷史。據《延(yan)壽(shou)縣志》記(ji)載,建縣(1903年)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民就種(zhong)(zhong)植大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),到民國20年(1931年),大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)已(yi)達53.6萬(wan)畝(mu)。由于日(ri)本侵略者的(de)掠奪,大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)生產受(shou)到影響,到1945年大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)下(xia)降到43.4萬(wan)畝(mu)。到1949年大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)減少到18萬(wan)畝(mu)。從1981年開(kai)(kai)始(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)示范并推(tui)(tui)廣東農(nong)(nong)(nong)26大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)新品種(zhong)(zhong)及高產栽(zai)培技術(shu),逐步(bu)(bu)結(jie)束大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)人工埯種(zhong)(zhong)、扣(kou)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)傳(chuan)統種(zhong)(zhong)植技術(shu)。實行(xing)起壟合(he)(he)(he)理密(mi)植栽(zai)培技術(shu)。大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)產量(liang)(liang)有原(yuan)來的(de)畝(mu)產100-150斤(jin),一躍提升到300-350斤(jin),實現翻番(fan)增(zeng)產。到1990年在(zai)肥料使用上,結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)有機肥逐步(bu)(bu)增(zeng)施化(hua)肥用量(liang)(liang),在(zai)除(chu)草(cao)方面(mian)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)人工中耕除(chu)草(cao)逐步(bu)(bu)推(tui)(tui)行(xing)化(hua)學除(chu)草(cao),減輕農(nong)(nong)(nong)民勞(lao)動量(liang)(liang)。到1999年,大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)發展到40萬(wan)畝(mu),到2007年大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)發展到60萬(wan)畝(mu),產量(liang)(liang)9萬(wan)噸。全(quan)面(mian)整(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品種(zhong)(zhong),按區(qu)域布局(ju)和積(ji)(ji)(ji)溫區(qu)劃,全(quan)縣主推(tui)(tui)五黑(hei)(hei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)54、黑(hei)(hei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)48、黑(hei)(hei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)38、黑(hei)(hei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)44和合(he)(he)(he)豐45等核心品種(zhong)(zhong),良種(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)率達到95%以上。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人(ren)文歷史因素
本部分(fen)內(nei)容主要表(biao)述影(ying)響延壽(shou)(shou)大豆品質、特(te)色形成和保(bao)持的(de)下列內(nei)容: (1)土(tu)壤(rang)地貌(mao)情(qing)況:延壽(shou)(shou)大豆生產地域地勢(shi)平(ping)坦,無(wu)工業(ye)“三廢(fei)”污染,地凈(jing)田潔,土(tu)質肥(fei)沃,為黑粘(zhan)土(tu)、沙壤(rang)土(tu)質,地勢(shi)低洼,土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)3%—6%,自然肥(fei)力(li)較高,特(te)別適合大豆生長。
(2)水文情況:黑(hei)龍江省哈爾濱市延壽縣(xian)境(jing)內有(you)螞蜒河、亮珠河兩大水系,該基地(di)位(wei)于灌(guan)(guan)溉區(qu)上游,無任何污(wu)染。氣候溫(wen)和(he),光照充足,雨量充沛,生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)良好,森林覆蓋率在(zai)46.9%。現有(you)中型水庫2座,小型水庫25座,萬畝以(yi)上灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)10處,提水灌(guan)(guan)溉站點617處,塘壩1,600座。
(3)延壽縣(xian)地處中緯度亞洲大(da)陸(lu)東(dong)側(ce),屬中溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)季風氣(qi)候。全縣(xian)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫為(wei)2.6℃。歷年(nian)最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)溫為(wei)-42.6℃,歷年(nian)最(zui)高氣(qi)溫為(wei)35℃,多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均積(ji)溫螞蜒河兩岸為(wei)2493.5℃,山區與平(ping)(ping)(ping)原過渡地帶丘陵漫崗區為(wei)2300℃左右(you)。多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均無霜(shuang)期(qi)為(wei)122—129天。縣(xian)境(jing)內年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降水(shui)量為(wei)570.9毫(hao)米,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均日照時數(shu)為(wei)2490.1小時,延壽縣(xian)的氣(qi)候特點是典型(xing)的水(shui)旱兼作農業氣(qi)候區。
(4)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文歷史情況(kuang):延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)縣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)至今(jin)已(yi)有近100年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)歷史。據《延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)縣志》記(ji)載,建縣(1903年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))開(kai)始(shi)(shi)農(nong)民就種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)民國20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積已(yi)達536820畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)偽康德元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1934年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))猛增(zeng)(zeng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)日本侵略(lve)者的(de)(de)掠奪,大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)生產(chan)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)影響,到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積下降到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)180120畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)186913畝(mu),牧場(chang)234斤(jin)。總(zong)產(chan)4379萬(wan)斤(jin)。從1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)試驗示范并推(tui)廣東農(nong)26大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及高產(chan)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu),逐(zhu)步結(jie)束大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)埯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、扣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)傳統種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。實(shi)行(xing)起壟合(he)理密(mi)植(zhi)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)產(chan)量(liang)有原來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)畝(mu)產(chan)100-150斤(jin),一(yi)躍(yue)提升到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)300-350斤(jin),實(shi)現翻番增(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)肥料使(shi)用(yong)上(shang),結(jie)合(he)有機肥逐(zhu)步增(zeng)(zeng)施化肥用(yong)量(liang),在(zai)除草方面(mian)(mian)(mian)結(jie)合(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)中(zhong)耕除草逐(zhu)步推(tui)行(xing)化學(xue)除草,減輕農(nong)民勞動(dong)量(liang)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),由(you)于(yu)(yu)高效經濟作物的(de)(de)迅速發(fa)展(zhan),部分(fen)農(nong)民大(da)(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)經濟作物,到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)40萬(wan)畝(mu),從2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加,到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)60萬(wan)畝(mu),產(chan)量(liang)6萬(wan)噸。全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)整合(he)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),按區域布局(ju)和(he)(he)積溫(wen)區劃,全(quan)縣主推(tui)五黑(hei)農(nong)54、黑(hei)農(nong)48、黑(hei)農(nong)38、黑(hei)農(nong)44和(he)(he)合(he)豐(feng)(feng)45等核(he)心(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化率達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)90%以(yi)上(shang)。全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)推(tui)廣大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)龍三栽(zai)培(pei)豐(feng)(feng)產(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、機械(xie)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、平(ping)衡施肥技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。自(zi)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)實(shi)施品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)戰略(lve),引進大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)深加工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye):哈(ha)爾濱延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)醬(jiang)(jiang)業(ye)(ye)有限公(gong)司和(he)(he)哈(ha)爾濱延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)永和(he)(he)食品(pin)(pin)有限公(gong)司。重(zhong)點打造“香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)”品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)和(he)(he)“永和(he)(he)”品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai),把延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)進行(xing)深加工(gong)使(shi)延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)加工(gong)成(cheng)“香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)”牌(pai)(pai)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬(jiang)(jiang)及其(qi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)辣醬(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)醬(jiang)(jiang),走(zou)出省(sheng)門(men)打入(ru)南方市場(chang),其(qi)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)越來(lai)(lai)越亮(liang),越來(lai)(lai)越響。目(mu)前,“永和(he)(he)”品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)已(yi)成(cheng)為中(zhong)國馳名商(shang)標,“香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)”牌(pai)(pai)發(fa)展(zhan)為省(sheng)著名商(shang)標。這兩家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加工(gong)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)近2萬(wan)噸。延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)經檢(jian)測,沒有農(nong)藥殘留(liu)和(he)(he)重(zhong)金屬殘留(liu),非常適合(he)做豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬(jiang)(jiang)。是加工(gong)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)醬(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)優質原料。
三.地域范圍
地(di)理(li)位置(zhi)為: 位于黑龍江(jiang)省東南(nan)部,張廣才(cai)嶺西(xi)(xi)麓,松花江(jiang)南(nan)岸的螞(ma)蜒河(he)(he)中游(you)。東經127°54'20″至129°04'30″,北緯45°10'10″至45°45'25″,西(xi)(xi)部、南(nan)部與(yu)尚志(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)為鄰,東北與(yu)方(fang)正縣(xian)接壤(rang),西(xi)(xi)北與(yu)賓縣(xian)毗連。東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)90公里,南(nan)北寬65公里,幅(fu)員面積3,149.55平(ping)方(fang)公里。全縣(xian)有5鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)4鄉(xiang)106個行政村,耕地(di)面積161.5萬畝(mu)。地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)保護區域94600公頃,包括(kuo)延壽鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、六團鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、安山(shan)鄉(xiang)、壽山(shan)鄉(xiang)、玉河(he)(he)鄉(xiang)、延河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、青川鄉(xiang)7個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的旱田(tian)大豆主產(chan)區,大豆面積33300公頃。產(chan)大豆7萬噸左右(you)。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
本部分(fen)內容主(zhu)要表述反映登記產品特有的(de)品質特性特征(zheng)和產品質量安全(quan)方面遵循(xun)的(de)規(gui)定(ding),主(zhu)要包括:
(1)外在(zai)感官特征:延壽(shou)大豆多(duo)為扁圓和長(chang)橢圓形(xing),粒(li)形(xing)較(jiao)小,籽(zi)粒(li)飽滿,百粒(li)重19-21克左右。粒(li)色一般為黃色、淡黃色。臍色為淡黃色。表(biao)面光滑,硬(ying)度好。
(2)內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標:由于(yu)(yu)延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)多(duo)種于(yu)(yu)山(shan)地(di)(di),其內在(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和營(ying)養成分(fen)明顯優于(yu)(yu)熟(shu)地(di)(di)栽(zai)培(pei)。經(jing)農業部(bu)谷物(wu)及制品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監督檢(jian)(jian)驗測試(shi)中心檢(jian)(jian)測粗(cu)蛋白(干(gan) 基)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)40%、粗(cu)脂肪(fang)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)20%。粗(cu)纖維含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)9%、每(mei)100g延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)含(han)(han)(han)a-維生素E含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.1IU、含(han)(han)(han)鈣大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)140mg、含(han)(han)(han)鐵大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)8mg、每(mei)千克大(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)含(han)(han)(han)鋅大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)43mg、含(han)(han)(han)硒(xi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.01mg、17種氨基酸(suan)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)35%,非常適合(he)加工優質(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬。 目前,延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)栽(zai)培(pei)主要分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)南北山(shan)區(qu)(qu)后開(kai)發耕(geng)地(di)(di),土壤(rang)以沙壤(rang)土為主,土壤(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)5%以上(shang),使用少量(liang)(liang)的化肥和農藥就可以獲得優質(zhi)高(gao)產大(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou),沒有(you)(you)農藥殘(can)留(liu)。另外,南北山(shan)區(qu)(qu)是延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)縣第三(san)(san)、第四積溫區(qu)(qu),晝夜溫差大(da)(da)(da)(da),積累干(gan)物(wu)質(zhi)多(duo),內在(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)。以延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)為原料做的豆(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬,經(jing)哈爾濱(bin)延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)香其醬業有(you)(you)限公司于(yu)(yu)2008年12月29日,依據(ju)GB/T5009.11-2003、GB/5009.12-2003,對砷(As)、鉛(Pb)、農藥殘(can)留(liu)三(san)(san)大(da)(da)(da)(da)類(lei)190個子項經(jing)普(pu)尼測試(shi),檢(jian)(jian)測結果全(quan)部(bu)合(he)格。說明延(yan)(yan)壽(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)安全(quan)水平高(gao)。
(3)安(an)全要(yao)求:延壽大(da)(da)豆在(zai)生(sheng)產和加工過程中(zhong)嚴格執行大(da)(da)豆農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標志質量控制技術規(gui)范。大(da)(da)豆產地(di)環境條(tiao)件(jian)符合《無(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)、大(da)(da)田作物產地(di)環境條(tiao)件(jian)(NY5332-2006)》等相關文件(jian)的要(yao)求,無(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)大(da)(da)豆,GB/T 8321農藥(yao)合理使(shi)用標準(zhun),GB428農藥(yao)安(an)全使(shi)用規(gui)定(ding)標準(zhun)等國家(jia)強制性規(gui)定(ding)。
五.特定生產方(fang)式(shi)
(1)選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)與選(xuan)(xuan)茬 要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)勢平坦、耕(geng)層深厚、土(tu)壤肥(fei)力較高(gao)、經過伏(fu)、秋翻或耙茬深松整地(di)的(de)地(di)塊,前(qian)茬以玉(yu)米、馬鈴薯為主(zhu),不(bu)重茬,不(bu)迎茬。 (2)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)及(ji)其(qi)處理 A品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 根(gen)據當地(di)生態條件,因地(di)制宜的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)經過省(sheng)農作(zuo)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定委員會審定通(tong)過的(de)優質高(gao)產、熟期適宜、喜肥(fei)水、抗逆性強(qiang)的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或專用品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。大豆45厘米雙條密植栽培技術要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)矮(ai)稈、半矮(ai)稈、耐密稈強(qiang)抗倒伏(fu)優質高(gao)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 B種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)精(jing)選(xuan)(xuan)、處理 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播前(qian)要(yao)進(jin)行精(jing)選(xuan)(xuan),使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)純(chun)度(du)、凈(jing)度(du)不(bu)低于(yu)98%,發芽率不(bu)低于(yu)90%,含水量不(bu)高(gao)于(yu)12%。
①種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子包(bao)衣。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前用35%多克福大(da)豆(dou)(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑包(bao)衣。防治大(da)豆(dou)(dou)根腐(fu)病(bing)可(ke)(ke)用2.5%的(de)(de)適樂時懸浮劑拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大(da)豆(dou)(dou)根潛葉(xie)蠅、蠐螬等(deng)地下害蟲可(ke)(ke)用50%的(de)(de)辛(xin)硫磷(lin)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),陰干后(hou)即可(ke)(ke)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ②微肥拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。畝產200公斤、220公斤地塊可(ke)(ke)選用鉬酸銨、硼鉬微復肥等(deng)進行(xing)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以提高大(da)豆(dou)(dou)出苗(miao)率和固氮能力,陰干后(hou)可(ke)(ke)進行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子包(bao)衣。
(3)施(shi)(shi)肥 A施(shi)(shi)底肥 結合整(zheng)地200公(gong)(gong)斤地塊(kuai)每公(gong)(gong)頃施(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)的(de)有機(ji)肥(有機(ji)質含(han)量8%以上)30噸,畝產250公(gong)(gong)斤地塊(kuai)每公(gong)(gong)頃施(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)的(de)有機(ji)肥(有機(ji)質含(han)量8%以上)45噸,結合秋整(zheng)地做底肥一次施(shi)(shi)入(ru)。 B種(zhong)肥
①施肥原則(ze)。采用測土配方平衡施肥,各地(di)可根據測土結果因地(di)制宜確定(ding)施肥量(liang)。
②參考施(shi)肥(fei)量。畝(mu)產(chan)150公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)地塊(kuai)每公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃化(hua)肥(fei)使用(yong)量尿素要在45—50公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),磷酸(suan)(suan)二銨(an)150公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉀50公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you);畝(mu)產(chan)200公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)地塊(kuai)每公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃化(hua)肥(fei)使用(yong)量尿素50公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),磷酸(suan)(suan)二銨(an)175公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉀75公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you);畝(mu)產(chan)250公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)地塊(kuai)每公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃化(hua)肥(fei)使用(yong)量尿素50公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),磷酸(suan)(suan)二銨(an)200公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉀100公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)。
③施(shi)肥(fei)方(fang)式。在(zai)(zai)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)的同(tong)(tong)時施(shi)入(ru)種(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei),種(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)要做到分(fen)層(ceng)側(ce)深施(shi),一(yi)般分(fen)上下(xia)二層(ceng)施(shi)肥(fei),上層(ceng)施(shi)在(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)5~6厘(li)米(mi)處,切忌(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)同(tong)(tong)位,以免燒(shao)種(zhong)(zhong),施(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)占(zhan)總施(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)的1/3。下(xia)層(ceng)施(shi)在(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)12~14厘(li)米(mi)處;肥(fei)量(liang)占(zhan)總施(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)的2/3。(4)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong) 播(bo)期:
①5月(yue)5日至5月(yue)10日。 ②播(bo)(bo)法 機械壟(long)上(shang)雙行(xing)(xing)等距精量(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong),選擇氣吸式播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)機或2BT—2型播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)機,65~70厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)行(xing)(xing)距;45厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)窄行(xing)(xing)密(mi)植地(di)塊應用2BTG-3型播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)機精量(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)。 ③播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)量(liang) 根據(ju)品種(zhong)特性、肥水條(tiao)件(jian)及栽(zai)(zai)培方(fang)式而定。 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)播(bo)(bo)量(liang)公(gong)(gong)斤/公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)=公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)保(bao)苗數×百(bai)粒重(g)/凈度(%)×發芽率(%)×105×{1+田間損失率(%)}田間損失率以10%計算,實播(bo)(bo)量(liang)與計算誤差(cha)為±3%。 壟(long)三”栽(zai)(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)要求公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)保(bao)苗25-30萬(wan)株;45厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)雙條(tiao)密(mi)植栽(zai)(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)要求公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)保(bao)苗35-40萬(wan)株。 ④播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)質(zhi)量(liang) 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)均勻(yun)無(wu)斷(duan)條(tiao),20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)內無(wu)籽為斷(duan)條(tiao),每5米(mi)(mi)(mi)斷(duan)條(tiao)不超過一處。機械壟(long)上(shang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)時應對準壟(long)頂中心,偏差(cha)為±3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
(5)田間管理
A中耕(geng) 當大(da)豆拱(gong)土(tu)時,進(jin)行鏟(chan)前深松(song)。出(chu)苗(miao)后及時鏟(chan)趟(tang),做到兩鏟(chan)三趟(tang),鏟(chan)趟(tang)傷苗(miao)率小于3%。后期拔凈大(da)草。
B灌(guan)水(shui) 根據旱(han)情(qing)和生長發育需水(shui)規律各(ge)地(di)要因地(di)制(zhi)宜進行灌(guan)水(shui)。
C促控結合 大(da)豆前期(qi)長勢較弱時,在(zai)大(da)豆初花(hua)期(qi)每公頃用尿(niao)素10公斤加磷酸二氫鉀(jia)1.5-2.5公斤溶于500公斤水(shui)中噴施,并根據需要加入硼鉬(mu)等微量(liang)元(yuan)素肥料(liao)。大(da)豆植(zhi)株生長旺(wang)盛,在(zai)初花(hua)期(qi)選用多效唑、三碘苯甲酸等化控劑進行調控,控制大(da)豆徒長,防止后期(qi)倒(dao)伏。
D化學除草
①播(bo)后苗前土壤(rang)(rang)封閉處(chu)理。春季(ji)干旱區提倡苗后除(chu)草,如土壤(rang)(rang)墑情好可采取土壤(rang)(rang)封閉處(chu)理。在大(da)豆播(bo)后出苗前,每公(gong)頃用90%乙(yi)草胺(禾耐斯)1800~2250毫升(sheng)加48%廣滅靈800~1000毫升(sheng)對水450公(gong)斤土壤(rang)(rang)噴霧。
②莖(jing)葉(xie)處理。在大(da)豆(dou)出苗后,雜草(cao)2~4葉(xie)期,每公頃用5%精禾草(cao)克乳油750~900毫(hao)升加(jia)25%的氟磺胺(an)草(cao)醚(mi)1000~1500毫(hao)升,對水450公斤噴霧。
E病蟲害綜合防(fang)治(zhi)
①蚜(ya)蟲。點片發生(sheng)并有5%~10%的(de)植株(zhu)卷葉(xie)或有蚜(ya)株(zhu)率達(da)到50%時,百株(zhu)蚜(ya)量達(da)1500頭以上,天敵數(shu)量很少時,每公頃用(yong)10%的(de)吡蟲啉(lin)1500克對(dui)水450~500公斤噴霧。
②大豆食(shi)心(xin)蟲。當上(shang)一(yi)年的(de)蟲食(shi)率達到5%以上(shang)時達到防治指標(biao),每(mei)公頃用80%敵(di)敵(di)畏乳油1500~2000毫(hao)升制(zhi)成毒棍,每(mei)4壟插一(yi)行,每(mei)5m插一(yi)根,或用菊酯類的(de)農(nong)藥常(chang)規噴(pen)霧。
③草地螟。大(da)豆百株有幼蟲30頭(tou)~50頭(tou),大(da)部分(fen)幼蟲3齡期,可用2.5%敵殺死225~300毫升對水450~500公斤常(chang)規(gui)噴霧。
④大(da)豆菌(jun)核病(bing)。7月初(chu)用(yong)25%施(shi)保克(ke)1500毫升/公(gong)頃或40%菌(jun)核凈1050克(ke)/公(gong)頃于發病(bing)初(chu)期(qi)噴一(yi)(yi)次,隔7天(tian)~10天(tian)再噴一(yi)(yi)次。
(6)收(shou)獲 A收(shou)獲時期 人工收(shou)獲,落葉達(da)90%時進(jin)行;機械聯合收(shou)割(ge),葉片全部落凈、豆(dou)粒歸(gui)圓時進(jin)行。 B收(shou)割(ge)質量 割(ge)茬低,不留莢,割(ge)茬高(gao)度以不留底莢為準,一般(ban)為5~6厘米(mi)。收(shou)割(ge)損(sun)(sun)失(shi)率(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1%,脫粒損(sun)(sun)失(shi)率(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2%,破碎率(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)5%,泥(ni)花(hua)臉(lian)率(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)5%,清潔(jie)率(lv)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)95%。
六.包(bao)裝標識(shi)相(xiang)關規定
(1)延壽大(da)(da)豆(dou)的分(fen)級:延壽大(da)(da)豆(dou)分(fen)為三(san)個等級,為一(yi)等大(da)(da)豆(dou),二等大(da)(da)豆(dou) 和(he)三(san)等大(da)(da)豆(dou)。
(2)標識(shi):標志使(shi)用人應在其產品或包裝上統一使(shi)用農產品地理標志( 延(yan)壽大豆名(ming)稱和公共標識(shi)圖案(an)組合標注形式)。
(3)包裝:編織袋包裝,規格25公斤(jin)/袋。包裝材料(liao)符合國家(jia)糧食包裝衛(wei)生要(yao)求(qiu),并符合環境保護(hu)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。包裝材料(liao)堅固、清潔、干燥、無(wu)任何昆 蟲(chong)傳播(bo)、真菌(jun)污染及不良氣味。
(4)貯存:在避光、常溫、干燥和有防(fang)潮(chao)設施處(chu)貯存。 原(yuan)料(liao)按指定原(yuan)料(liao)庫(ku)(ku)貯存,貯存數(shu)量(liang),執行(xing)管理規定。貯存庫(ku)(ku)房清(qing)潔、干燥、通風良好,無蟲害及鼠害。嚴(yan)禁與有毒、有害、有腐蝕性、易發(fa)霉、發(fa) 潮(chao)、有異味(wei)的(de)物品(pin)混(hun)存,成品(pin)貯存按品(pin)種(zhong)、標號、編(bian)號、生(sheng)產日(ri)期分(fen)別存放,以免(mian)混(hun)雜和受潮(chao)。
(5)運輸:運輸工(gong)具清潔、干燥、有(you)防雨(yu)放(fang)雪設施。嚴(yan)禁(jin)與有(you)毒、有(you)害、有(you)腐蝕性(xing)、有(you)異味(wei)的物(wu)品(pin)混(hun)運。