一.產品介紹
生(sheng)(sheng)豬,是重要的(de)(de)(de)農產品之一。豬肉(rou)(rou)是人(ren)們日常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)、食品工(gong)業、化(hua)工(gong)工(gong)業等行業的(de)(de)(de)重要原料(liao),是人(ren)們生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)不可(ke)缺少的(de)(de)(de)重要食品原料(liao)。豬肉(rou)(rou)營養(yang)豐(feng)富,具有很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)社會效益和經濟(ji)效益。巴彥縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)豬養(yang)殖(zhi)歷史雖然(ran)短(duan),但目前(qian)養(yang)殖(zhi)規模大、商(shang)品量高(gao)居全國農業縣(xian)領先地(di)位。
1、巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)肉的(de)產地(di)(di)(di)范圍(wei)巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)肉的(de)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標志農(nong)產品所(suo)在的(de)具體地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)位(wei)置(zhi)是將巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣境內3135.2平(ping)方公里(li)區域劃定為巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)肉農(nong)產品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標志產品的(de)生產保(bao)護范圍(wei)。保(bao)護區面積為31.33萬公頃,2007年(nian)商品豬(zhu)量為200萬頭(tou)。
2、巴(ba)彥豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產特點巴(ba)彥豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)選(xuan)擇三(san)(san)四(si)(si)元九(jiu)交(jiao)(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)加工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產是有(you)(you)其獨特的(de)(de)質量優(you)(you)勢的(de)(de),巴(ba)彥豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)以(yi)三(san)(san)四(si)(si)元雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為原料,三(san)(san)四(si)(si)元雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)來(lai)源于巴(ba)彥縣特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)東北白豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為第(di)一代(dai)(dai)母本或父本與長白、杜(du)洛克、大約克夏等(deng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)產第(di)二代(dai)(dai)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),再用雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)三(san)(san)、四(si)(si)代(dai)(dai)繁殖,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)優(you)(you)勢生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養殖,以(yi)優(you)(you)質的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為原料進(jin)(jin)行(xing)科學(xue)屠(tu)宰加工(gong),生(sheng)(sheng)產具有(you)(you)巴(ba)彥地(di)方特點的(de)(de)巴(ba)彥豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)。
3、巴(ba)彥豬肉的質量要(yao)求一是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)豬養殖(zhi)用(yong)巴(ba)彥縣(xian)當地綠色食品玉(yu)米、大(da)豆為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)料(liao)(liao),生(sheng)產全價飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)行(xing)養殖(zhi),不飼(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)任何動物糞便(bian)發酵飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao);二是(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)國家規定的獸藥進(jin)行(xing)疾病控制和(he)治療,不使(shi)用(yong)國家禁用(yong)的獸藥;三是(shi)(shi)養殖(zhi)場遠離居民和(he)交通(tong)要(yao)道,防(fang)止污染;四(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)實(shi)行(xing)分(fen)圈式獨立養殖(zhi)莊氏(shi)養殖(zhi)法和(he)徐氏(shi)防(fang)治法;五(wu)是(shi)(shi)以喂(wei)糧食飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)養殖(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),生(sheng)豬主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)三元(yuan)、四(si)(si)元(yuan)雜交豬,生(sheng)長期(qi)小于12個月。
4、巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)底(di)(di)蘊(yun)巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展歷(li)(li)史:據(ju)民(min)國(guo)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)《巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志》記載:“巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)漢(han)晉時期(qi)為夫(fu)余(yu)之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。據(ju)張向凌《建議學(xue)點黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)歷(li)(li)史》所述:夫(fu)余(yu)約建國(guo)于(yu)公(gong)元前(qian)三(san)世紀即(ji)戰國(guo)末期(qi)。《后(hou)漢(han)書?夫(fu)余(yu)傳(chuan)》記載:“國(guo)有(you)君王(wang),皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)六(liu)畜(chu)名官,有(you)馬加(jia)、牛(niu)加(jia)、豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)、狗加(jia)、大(da)(da)使(shi)者、大(da)(da)使(shi)、使(shi)者。”可(ke)見(jian),巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業由來(lai)以(yi)(yi)久,清代咸豐(feng)年(nian)(nian)間(1860年(nian)(nian))黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)將軍特(te)(te)(te)(te)普(pu)欽在(zai)此處設立(li)開墾行(xing)局,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)放墾,養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為主。據(ju)《東省(sheng)叢刊》記載,民(min)2年(nian)(nian)(1913年(nian)(nian))巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)“賣卻(que)之(zhi)家(jia)畜(chu)惟牛(niu)與(yu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),牛(niu)每年(nian)(nian)賣千頭(tou)至千五百頭(tou),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五千至六(liu)千口,牛(niu)先送往呼蘭(lan)市場(chang),由呼蘭(lan)便驅往哈(ha)爾(er)濱(bin),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則送往哈(ha)爾(er)濱(bin),雞(ji)鴨無(wu)運至他處出賣,卵(luan)用(yong)汽船(chuan)遠銷黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)岸”。新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)推動(dong)生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展水(shui)(shui)(shui)平:進(jin)(jin)入(ru)50年(nian)(nian)代,引進(jin)(jin)長(chang)白豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)本地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜交(jiao),生(sheng)產(chan)出優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)雜交(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),瘦(shou)(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率明顯(xian)提(ti)(ti)高(gao),到80年(nian)(nian)代隨著引進(jin)(jin)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增多(duo),開始繁殖(zhi)(zhi)二(er)元雜交(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)明顯(xian)提(ti)(ti)高(gao),到二(er)十世紀末,巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)引進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜洛克、英系長(chang)白、比系長(chang)白、大(da)(da)約克夏(xia)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)三(san)元、四(si)元雜交(jiao),生(sheng)產(chan)出高(gao)瘦(shou)(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦(shou)(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率都在(zai)70%以(yi)(yi)上,同時巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)聘(pin)請(qing)省(sheng)內畜(chu)牧專(zhuan)家(jia),結(jie)(jie)合黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)高(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際在(zai)實踐中(zhong)創造了(le)(le)(le)莊氏養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),該(gai)法(fa)得到了(le)(le)(le)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)分(fen)肯定(ding)(ding)(ding),據(ju)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)說美(mei)(mei)國(guo)每頭(tou)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平均(jun)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)仔率為22頭(tou),我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)洼興種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)每頭(tou)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)仔成活率達(da)到24頭(tou)。比美(mei)(mei)國(guo)高(gao)出9.1%。達(da)到國(guo)內領(ling)先水(shui)(shui)(shui)平。美(mei)(mei)國(guo)生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)家(jia)稱贊說:“巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)技術熟程(cheng)度(du)在(zai)國(guo)際上都是一流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。文(wen)化(hua)底(di)(di)蘊(yun):一是飼料優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢。由于(yu)獨(du)特(te)(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形特(te)(te)(te)(te)征,生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼料產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形西(xi)(xi)向,下午西(xi)(xi)斜(xie)時,向西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)面迎接西(xi)(xi)邊來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)射(she)光線呈對農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)來(lai)說就是直射(she)光,光照(zhao)充(chong)足,光合作用(yong)更(geng)好(hao),使(shi)農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)更(geng)加(jia)好(hao),由于(yu)飼料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢決定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)有(you)自己(ji)獨(du)特(te)(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)。二(er)是雜交(jiao)品(pin)(pin)種優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢。巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)引進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜洛克、英系長(chang)白、比系長(chang)白、大(da)(da)約克夏(xia)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)三(san)元、四(si)元雜交(jiao),生(sheng)產(chan)出高(gao)瘦(shou)(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦(shou)(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率都在(zai)70%以(yi)(yi)上。三(san)是典型(xing)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)模式優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢。巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)聘(pin)請(qing)省(sheng)內畜(chu)牧專(zhuan)家(jia),結(jie)(jie)合黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)高(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際在(zai)實踐中(zhong)創造了(le)(le)(le)莊氏養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),此法(fa)得到了(le)(le)(le)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)分(fen)肯定(ding)(ding)(ding)。美(mei)(mei)國(guo)生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)家(jia)稱贊說:“巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)技術成熟程(cheng)度(du)在(zai)國(guo)際上都是一流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。四(si)是人文(wen)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢。由于(yu)巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)、綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)對環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)全(quan)(quan)面整治,出臺了(le)(le)(le)一系列文(wen)件,用(yong)規章(zhang)制度(du)控制基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),對污染企業進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)徹底(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改造,對農(nong)(nong)田進(jin)(jin)行(xing)整理,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)狀況總體較好(hao),環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)基(ji)本趨于(yu)平穩(wen),基(ji)本上無(wu)污染。輕(qing)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)污染主要有(you)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、廢(fei)氣(qi)、固體廢(fei)棄物(wu)和(he)噪(zao)聲四(si)個方(fang)(fang)面。大(da)(da)氣(qi)總懸浮微(wei)粒日平均(jun)值(zhi)280微(wei)克/立(li)方(fang)(fang)米。大(da)(da)氣(qi)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)日平均(jun)值(zhi)28微(wei)克/立(li)方(fang)(fang)米,飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)達(da)標(biao)(biao)(biao)率95%,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)達(da)標(biao)(biao)(biao)率70%,城市交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)干線噪(zao)聲平均(jun)值(zhi)67分(fen)貝,城市區域環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)噪(zao)聲平均(jun)值(zhi)55分(fen)貝。四(si)是科(ke)技管理優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢。巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)協會制定(ding)(ding)(ding)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)檢驗(yan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),衛(wei)生(sheng)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、營養(yang)(yang)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、重(zhong)金屬(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)都優(you)(you)(you)(you)先與(yu)國(guo)家(jia)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。從檢驗(yan)報告看,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衛(wei)生(sheng)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、重(zhong)金屬(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、感官指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、獸藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)都好(hao)與(yu)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)不涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、有(you)益金屬(shu)元素指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)均(jun)是很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),體現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)特(te)(te)(te)(te)性(xing)。巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)認(ren)證(zheng),體現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)。
二.自然(ran)生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1.土壤(rang)地(di)貌情況:
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)特征(zheng)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)共(gong)有9個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei),19個亞類(lei),32個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,計62個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型。9個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei)是暗(an)棕壤(rang)、白漿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、泛(fan)濫(lan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、沼澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、泥炭(tan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。全縣幅員面(mian)積(ji)(ji)3135.2平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),總土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)31.33萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃,耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)22.67萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃,耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑(hei)鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)肥(fei)力較高的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)約占(zhan)90%以(yi)上。腐殖質(zhi)層厚度達(da)20-70厘米(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質(zhi)含(han)量3.72%,含(han)氮0.168%,含(han)磷0. 99%,含(han)鉀1.80%, PH值(zhi)6.7,呈(cheng)中(zhong)性。全縣地(di)(di)(di)勢東(dong)高西低(di)、北(bei)崗南(nan)平(ping)、中(zhong)部(bu)多丘陵,坡(po)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的62%,地(di)(di)(di)理形(xing)狀為(wei)楔形(xing),海拔(ba)最高為(wei)564.3米(mi),最低(di)海拔(ba)110米(mi)。
2.水(shui)(shui)文情況:水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源。巴(ba)彥(yan)縣(xian)有較大河流(liu)14條,河道(dao)總長475.7公里。全(quan)縣(xian)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源存儲(chu)量(liang)65億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi),多年平均地(di)下水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源供給量(liang)為(wei)3.97億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi),允許開采量(liang)為(wei)2.224億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。全(quan)縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源總量(liang)為(wei)5.73億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi),人(ren)均水(shui)(shui)量(liang)為(wei)869立(li)方米(mi)(mi),畝均水(shui)(shui)量(liang)212立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。包括(kuo)水(shui)(shui)系、水(shui)(shui)源和水(shui)(shui)質情況及影響因子。
3.氣(qi)候情況(kuang):巴彥縣(xian)地處中(zhong)高(gao)緯度,屬中(zhong)溫(wen)帶大陸季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候。夏季(ji)(ji)盛行東南風(feng)(feng)(feng),濕潤多(duo)雨;冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)盛行西北風(feng)(feng)(feng),干(gan)燥嚴寒。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)3.1℃,最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)曾出現過37.9℃,最(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)達-42.5℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥10℃活動(dong)積溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)2658.4℃,歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量為(wei)(wei)582.2毫米,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)為(wei)(wei)2669.4小(xiao)時(shi)。5-9月份作物(wu)生長期(qi)(qi)日照(zhao)(zhao)為(wei)(wei)1252小(xiao)時(shi),占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)日照(zhao)(zhao)的46.9%,歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)初霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)9月21日,歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)無霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)131天。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)結凍期(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)145天左右。包括季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)、溫(wen)度、濕度、日照(zhao)(zhao)和降水(shui)等特(te)殊氣(qi)候因子。
4.人文(wen)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)情(qing)況:巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)人類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)自公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前211年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秦朝(chao)時就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)歲百(bai)之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di),是(shi)(shi)(shi)由歲族(zu)與(yu)百(bai)族(zu)融合(he)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)北地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)少(shao)數民(min)(min)族(zu),以(yi)(yi)漁獵為主,輔以(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)。 巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)建(jian)治以(yi)(yi)前,森林茂密,水(shui)草豐盛(sheng),土質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肥美(mei)(mei)(mei),是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)片待(dai)墾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處女地(di)(di)(di)(di)。因(yin)為封禁(jin)(清以(yi)(yi)東(dong)北為自己“龍(long)興(xing)”之(zhi)脈封禁(jin)東(dong)北三(san)(san)省(sheng)(sheng)),只有少(shao)數旗兵屯田(tian)和少(shao)數漢人零散住(zhu)在(zai)各地(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)荒種地(di)(di)(di)(di),張網(wang)捕撈魚,過著日(ri)出(chu)(chu)而(er)起,日(ri)暮而(er)歸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)。1859年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),清咸豐九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)東(dong)北開(kai)(kai)禁(jin),土地(di)(di)(di)(di)放墾后,關內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)漢民(min)(min)流(liu)入(ru)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di),人多(duo)之(zhi)后。清同治元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1862年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))于呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)城以(yi)(yi)東(dong)建(jian)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳(ting)治理(li)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蘇蘇等(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di),管(guan)理(li)賦課刑名及旗民(min)(min)交(jiao)(jiao)涉等(deng)(deng)事(shi)宜。光(guang)緒(xu)三(san)(san)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1904年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳(ting)分兩處,呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)一(yi)處,升呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳(ting)為呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)府(移到(dao)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)城),原呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳(ting)改巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)州(zhou),民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)2 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)州(zhou)改巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)。 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發展(zhan)歷(li)史(shi)(shi):據民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)志》記載:“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漢晉(jin)時期為夫余之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)”。據張向凌《建(jian)議學點(dian)黑(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)》所述:夫余約建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前三(san)(san)世紀即戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)末期。《后漢書?夫余傳》記載:“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有君王,皆以(yi)(yi)六(liu)畜名官(guan),有馬加、牛(niu)加、豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)加、狗加、大(da)(da)使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)、大(da)(da)使(shi)(shi)、使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)。”可見,巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)養(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)由來以(yi)(yi)久,清代咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1860年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))黑(hei)龍(long)江將(jiang)軍特(te)普欽在(zai)此處設立開(kai)(kai)墾行(xing)局,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)放墾,養(yang)殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為主。據《東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)叢刊》記載,民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)2年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)“賣(mai)(mai)卻之(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)畜惟牛(niu)與(yu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),牛(niu)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)賣(mai)(mai)千(qian)(qian)頭(tou)至千(qian)(qian)五百(bai)頭(tou),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五千(qian)(qian)至六(liu)千(qian)(qian)口,牛(niu)先送往(wang)(wang)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)市(shi)場,由呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)便(bian)驅往(wang)(wang)哈(ha)爾(er)(er)濱,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則送往(wang)(wang)哈(ha)爾(er)(er)濱,雞鴨無(wu)運至他處出(chu)(chu)賣(mai)(mai),卵(luan)用(yong)汽船遠銷黑(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)岸”。 新(xin)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)來推動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)(ping):進(jin)(jin)入(ru)50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,引(yin)進(jin)(jin)長白豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜交(jiao)(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)(chu)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雜交(jiao)(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)明(ming)顯(xian)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),到(dao)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代隨著引(yin)進(jin)(jin)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)多(duo),開(kai)(kai)始繁殖二(er)元(yuan)(yuan)雜交(jiao)(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)明(ming)顯(xian)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),到(dao)二(er)十世紀末,巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)通過引(yin)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜洛克、英系(xi)(xi)長白、比系(xi)(xi)長白、大(da)(da)約克夏當地(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)(deng)三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)、四元(yuan)(yuan)雜交(jiao)(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)(chu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)都(dou)(dou)在(zai)70%以(yi)(yi)上,同時巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)聘請省(sheng)(sheng)內畜牧(mu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia),結合(he)黑(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)寒(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際在(zai)實(shi)踐(jian)中創(chuang)造了(le)(le)莊氏(shi)養(yang)殖法(fa)(fa),該法(fa)(fa)得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)殖專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充分肯(ken)定(ding)(ding),據美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)殖專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)說美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)每(mei)頭(tou)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)仔(zi)率(lv)為22頭(tou),我縣(xian)洼(wa)興(xing)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場每(mei)頭(tou)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)仔(zi)成(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)達到(dao)24頭(tou)。比美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)出(chu)(chu)9.1%。達到(dao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內領(ling)先水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)稱(cheng)贊說:“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和技(ji)術成(cheng)熟程(cheng)度在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際上都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。 文(wen)化底蘊:一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)飼(si)料優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)。由于獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形特(te)征,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)料產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形西向,下(xia)午西斜時,向西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜面(mian)迎接西邊(bian)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜射(she)光(guang)線呈對(dui)農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)來說就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)射(she)光(guang),光(guang)照充足(zu),光(guang)合(he)作用(yong)更好(hao)(hao)(hao),使(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)更加好(hao)(hao)(hao),由于飼(si)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)有自己獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)雜交(jiao)(jiao)品(pin)(pin)種優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)通過引(yin)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜洛克、英系(xi)(xi)長白、比系(xi)(xi)長白、大(da)(da)約克夏當地(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)(deng)三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)、四元(yuan)(yuan)雜交(jiao)(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)(chu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)都(dou)(dou)在(zai)70%以(yi)(yi)上。三(san)(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)典型養(yang)殖模式優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)聘請省(sheng)(sheng)內畜牧(mu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia),結合(he)黑(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)寒(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際在(zai)實(shi)踐(jian)中創(chuang)造了(le)(le)莊氏(shi)養(yang)殖法(fa)(fa),此法(fa)(fa)得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)殖專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充分肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)稱(cheng)贊說:“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和技(ji)術成(cheng)熟程(cheng)度在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際上都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)人文(wen)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)。由于巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害、綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),全(quan)縣(xian)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)全(quan)面(mian)整(zheng)治,出(chu)(chu)臺了(le)(le)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)文(wen)件,用(yong)規章制(zhi)度控制(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),對(dui)污(wu)染企業(ye)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)徹底的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改造,對(dui)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)整(zheng)理(li),全(quan)縣(xian)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)狀況總體(ti)較好(hao)(hao)(hao),環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)基(ji)本(ben)趨于平(ping)(ping)穩,基(ji)本(ben)上無(wu)污(wu)染。輕度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染主要(yao)有廢水(shui)、廢氣(qi)、固(gu)體(ti)廢棄物(wu)和噪聲(sheng)四個方面(mian)。大(da)(da)氣(qi)總懸(xuan)浮微(wei)(wei)粒日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)280微(wei)(wei)克/立方米(mi)。大(da)(da)氣(qi)二(er)氧化碳日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)28微(wei)(wei)克/立方米(mi),飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)源水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達標(biao)(biao)(biao)率(lv)95%,地(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達標(biao)(biao)(biao)率(lv)70%,城市(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通干線噪聲(sheng)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)67分貝(bei),城市(shi)區(qu)域(yu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)噪聲(sheng)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)55分貝(bei)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)科技(ji)管(guan)理(li)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)協會制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)檢驗標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun),衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、營(ying)養(yang)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、農(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)留指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、重(zhong)金屬(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)都(dou)(dou)優(you)(you)(you)(you)先與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。從檢驗報告看,全(quan)縣(xian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、重(zhong)金屬(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、感官(guan)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、獸藥殘(can)留都(dou)(dou)好(hao)(hao)(hao)與(yu)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun),無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中不涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、有益金屬(shu)元(yuan)(yuan)素指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)均(jun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),體(ti)現了(le)(le)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)特(te)性。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害認證,體(ti)現了(le)(le)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)性。
三.地域范圍
產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)范(fan)(fan)圍:巴彥(yan)(yan)豬肉的地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)所在的具體(ti)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)位(wei)置(zhi)是將巴彥(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內3135.2平(ping)方公里(li)(li)區(qu)域(yu)劃定為(wei)巴彥(yan)(yan)豬肉農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)保護范(fan)(fan)圍。保護區(qu)面積為(wei)31.33萬(wan)公頃(qing),2007年(nian)商品(pin)(pin)豬量為(wei)200萬(wan)頭(tou)。 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)位(wei)置(zhi):巴彥(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)位(wei)于黑龍(long)江(jiang)省中(zhong)部偏南(nan),地(di)(di)處松嫩平(ping)原、松花江(jiang)中(zhong)游北(bei)岸,具體(ti)范(fan)(fan)圍為(wei)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)坐標(biao)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經126°45′53″-127°42′16″,北(bei)緯45°54′28″-46°40′18″。南(nan)與(yu)賓(bin)縣(xian)(xian)隔江(jiang)相望(wang),西(xi)瀕漂河與(yu)呼蘭為(wei)鄰(lin),北(bei)依泥(ni)河與(yu)綏(sui)化、慶安交(jiao)界,東(dong)(dong)(dong)臨黃泥(ni)河及駱駝砬子(zi)山與(yu)木(mu)蘭毗連。縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)(chang)85公里(li)(li),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬72.4公里(li)(li),邊界周長(chang)(chang)338公里(li)(li),縣(xian)(xian)城距哈市(shi)98公里(li)(li)。 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)址:全縣(xian)(xian)轄18個(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),巴彥(yan)(yan)豬肉的地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)保護的區(qu)域(yu)范(fan)(fan)圍在巴彥(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)內的18個(ge)(ge)(ge)行政鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),即巴彥(yan)(yan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、松花江(jiang)鄉、富(fu)江(jiang)鄉、巴彥(yan)(yan)港(gang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)集鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、豐樂鄉、興隆鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、紅(hong)光鄉、萬(wan)發鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、德(de)祥鄉、天增鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、山后(hou)鄉、黑山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍(long)泉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、華(hua)山鄉、龍(long)廟(miao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洼(wa)興鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)東(dong)(dong)(dong)鄉。其中(zhong)小城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)10個(ge)(ge)(ge)(兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)建制鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen))、16個(ge)(ge)(ge)村(三個(ge)(ge)(ge)少(shao)數(shu)民族自治村)、1351個(ge)(ge)(ge)自然(ran)屯、4個(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)有林(lin)場(chang),2個(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)有原種(zhong)場(chang)、1個(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)有種(zhong)畜(chu)場(chang)。
四.產(chan)品品質特性(xing)特征
1.外在感官(guan)特(te)征:巴彥(yan)豬肉(rou)品質好、色澤鮮艷、肉(rou)體有彈性、瘦(shou)肉(rou)率高、表皮光潤。
2.內在品質指(zhi)標:豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)瘦(shou)肉(rou)中(zhong)脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)(han)量(liang)3%以(yi)下(xia),適量(liang)食用(yong)不會發(fa)胖;亞油酸(suan)含(han)(han)量(liang)9%以(yi)上(shang),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)口感香(xiang)而(er)(er)不膩,嫩而(er)(er)不滑;豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)蛋白質含(han)(han)量(liang)大于(yu)(yu)20%,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)中(zhong)氨基酸(suan)大于(yu)(yu)15%,營養豐富;還(huan)含(han)(han)有(you)豐富的人(ren)體所需的鐵、鈣、鋅等(deng)微量(liang)元素(su),每百克含(han)(han)鈣大于(yu)(yu)2毫克、含(han)(han)鋅大于(yu)(yu)2毫克。
3.安(an)全要求:按(an)巴彥縣農產品質量安(an)全協會制(zhi)定的生豬(zhu)(zhu)養殖標準進行無公(gong)害化(hua)生豬(zhu)(zhu)養殖,在(zai)加工、運輸中不(bu)被污染保(bao)持其安(an)全。
五(wu).特定(ding)生產(chan)方式(shi)
1.產(chan)地選擇與(yu)特殊內(nei)容規定(ding):巴(ba)(ba)彥豬肉產(chan)地選擇在巴(ba)(ba)彥縣(xian)境內(nei)是因為巴(ba)(ba)彥縣(xian)地處(chu)世界三大(da)黑土(tu)地之一(yi)的(de)亞洲東北(bei)黑土(tu)中,屬亞熱(re)帶季(ji)風氣候,非常適合(he)農產(chan)品(pin)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan),具有得天(tian)獨厚的(de)地理優勢,同時巴(ba)(ba)彥縣(xian)生(sheng)豬有獨特的(de)生(sheng)豬品(pin)質,為巴(ba)(ba)彥豬肉的(de)發展奠定(ding)了質量優勢。
2.品(pin)種選擇與(yu)特(te)定要求(qiu):巴(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)肉(rou)選擇三四元(yuan)九交(jiao)豬(zhu)進行(xing)加工(gong)生(sheng)產是有(you)其(qi)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)質量優(you)勢(shi)的(de)(de),巴(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)肉(rou)以(yi)三四元(yuan)雜(za)交(jiao)生(sheng)豬(zhu)為原料(liao),三四元(yuan)雜(za)交(jiao)生(sheng)豬(zhu)來源于巴(ba)彥(yan)縣(xian)特(te)有(you)的(de)(de)東北白(bai)豬(zhu)為第(di)一代母本或(huo)父本與(yu)長白(bai)、杜洛克、大約克夏等豬(zhu)進行(xing)雜(za)交(jiao),生(sheng)產第(di)二代雜(za)交(jiao)豬(zhu),再用雜(za)交(jiao)豬(zhu)進行(xing)三、四代繁(fan)殖,進行(xing)優(you)勢(shi)生(sheng)豬(zhu)養殖,以(yi)優(you)質的(de)(de)生(sheng)豬(zhu)為原料(liao)進行(xing)科學屠宰加工(gong),生(sheng)產具有(you)巴(ba)彥(yan)地方特(te)點(dian)的(de)(de)巴(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)肉(rou)。
3.生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過程管理特殊(shu)使(shi)用規定:巴彥(yan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬質量(liang)要(yao)求:一是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬養(yang)殖(zhi)用 巴彥(yan)縣當地(di)綠(lv)色(se)食品玉(yu)米(mi)、大豆為主料,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產全價飼(si)(si)料進行養(yang)殖(zhi),不飼(si)(si)喂任何(he)動物(wu)糞(fen)便發(fa)酵(jiao)飼(si)(si)料;二是使(shi)用國家規定的獸藥進行疾病控(kong)制和(he)(he)治療,不使(shi)用國家禁(jin)用的獸藥;三是養(yang)殖(zhi)場遠離(li)居(ju)民和(he)(he)交通要(yao)道(dao),防(fang)止污染;四(si)(si)是實行分圈式(shi)獨立養(yang)殖(zhi)莊氏(shi)養(yang)殖(zhi)法(fa)和(he)(he)徐氏(shi)防(fang)治法(fa);五(wu)是以喂糧食飼(si)(si)料養(yang)殖(zhi)為主,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬主要(yao)是三元、四(si)(si)元雜交豬,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期(qi)小于12個月(yue)。
4.產品收(shou)獲、屠(tu)宰及產后處理的規定:巴彥豬肉實行(xing)專用車輛(liang)單(dan)獨運輸(shu),封(feng)閉式快(kuai)樂屠(tu)宰法,科學排酸,冷(leng)凍處理單(dan)獨存放處理。并在進行(xing)嚴格的出(chu)廠質量檢驗后出(chu)售,同(tong)時對產品進行(xing)售后服務,實行(xing)產品召回制度。
5.生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)要求:巴(ba)彥(yan)生(sheng)豬(zhu)按養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術操作規程進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)專業(ye)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi);對(dui)生(sheng)豬(zhu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)使用的獸藥、添加(jia)劑(ji)等投(tou)入品及時(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)全程記錄(lu);及時(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)檢查;實(shi)行(xing)(xing)巴(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)肉市場(chang)準(zhun)入、質量科技(ji)服(fu)(fu)務等制度,以巴(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)肉產(chan)(chan)品檢驗標(biao)準(zhun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢驗;生(sheng)豬(zhu)按養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)場(chang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)統一的編(bian)碼(ma)和單獨屠(tu)宰,產(chan)(chan)品按不(bu)同的養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)場(chang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)單獨存放,進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)特(te)定的編(bian)碼(ma),便(bian)于售后質量跟蹤服(fu)(fu)務。
六(liu).包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
巴(ba)(ba)彥豬肉包(bao)裝以紙塑(su)為(wei)主,分為(wei)5kg 、10kg 、20kg 等(deng)包(bao)裝,主要是(shi)在(zai)包(bao)裝表面(mian)印有農產品(pin)地理標志(zhi)“巴(ba)(ba)彥豬肉”等(deng)字樣,并加(jia)有防(fang)偽標志(zhi),巴(ba)(ba)彥豬肉主要是(shi)冷凍貯藏、專用設備運(yun)輸,防(fang)止(zhi)運(yun)輸路途中污染和變(bian)質。