一.產品介紹
在(zai)黑(hei)龍江民(min)(min)間有句話(hua)流傳(chuan)(chuan):“呼蘭的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)蔥、阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)蒜(suan)、雙城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)“菇娘”不用(yong)看(kan)!”阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)區大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)生產早在(zai)1115年(nian),女真族首領完顏阿(a)(a)骨打建立大(da)(da)(da)金(jin)帝國(guo),定都(dou)今(jin)(jin)阿(a)(a)什河畔白城(cheng)(cheng)村,史(shi)稱“金(jin)上京會寧府”,歷(li)經 4 帝 38 年(nian),種(zhong)植的(de)(de)作(zuo)物品種(zhong)中就(jiu)以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)為(wei)主(zhu),至今(jin)(jin)有900年(nian)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)。民(min)(min)國(guo)3年(nian)(1914年(nian)),阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)種(zhong)植面積(ji)就(jiu)達1300畝。 阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan),浸滿了厚(hou)重的(de)(de)金(jin)代文(wen)(wen)化。尤其是金(jin)上京遺址中種(zhong)植的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan),更(geng)是充滿了歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)奇。且(qie)不說(shuo)人們流傳(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)可以(yi)當殺菌藥(yao)用(yong),也不說(shuo)當年(nian)金(jin)太(tai)祖(zu)每天都(dou)要吃(chi)幾頭紫皮大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan),更(geng)不說(shuo)當年(nian)一百姓進(jin)貢一麻袋大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)換回來(lai)一麻袋金(jin)子。只是在(zai)皇城(cheng)(cheng)遺址里邊(bian)種(zhong)植大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan),就(jiu)足(zu)以(yi)加重阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)蒜(suan)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化氛圍。1996年(nian)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)被中國(guo)特產協會命名為(wei)“中國(guo)北(bei)方大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)之(zhi)鄉”
二.自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境(jing)和人文歷史(shi)因素
1.土(tu)壤地貌情況:阿城大蒜生(sheng)產地域阿什(shen)河街南(nan)城村、白城村、東環村,雙豐(feng)鎮(zhen)雙蘭村,生(sheng)態環境良好(hao),該地區(qu)(qu)土(tu)地資源豐(feng)富,以黑土(tu)為主(zhu);地力肥(fei)沃,土(tu)壤pH值5.5-7.0、有(you)機質(zhi)4-6%、全氮0.2-0.3%、全磷0.044-0.065%。該地區(qu)(qu)土(tu)壤肥(fei)沃,土(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松,耕性良好(hao),保(bao)(bao)水保(bao)(bao)肥(fei)力強,適合作物生(sheng)長。且屬廣闊的農田區(qu)(qu),環境容量大,區(qu)(qu)域環境質(zhi)量較好(hao)。
2.水(shui)(shui)文情況:該地(di)區(qu)范圍(wei)內(nei)的河流(liu)屬松花江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系,汛期往(wang)往(wang)受松花江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)影響,水(shui)(shui)量集中。水(shui)(shui)源為地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui),灌溉(gai)多井(jing)灌,種(zhong)植業灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質符合無(wu)公害食品(pin)相應標(biao)準的要求,水(shui)(shui)質質量合格,適宜生產無(wu)公害農(nong)產品(pin)。
3.氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況:該(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處中(zhong)緯度歐亞大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸東側,太平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洋西(xi)岸,屬(shu)于寒(han)溫(wen)(wen)帶濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu)(qu)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特征明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯,冬季(ji)漫(man)長、寒(han)冷干(gan)燥,常(chang)(chang)受西(xi)伯利亞、貝(bei)加爾湖和(he)蒙古高原的(de)(de)(de)寒(han)流影(ying)響(xiang),夏(xia)季(ji)短(duan)促、溫(wen)(wen)熱(re)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)。受海洋暖濕(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流影(ying)響(xiang),春季(ji)多(duo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)風而(er)少(shao)雨(yu),秋夏(xia)多(duo)暴雨(yu),亦(yi)有(you)(you)陰雨(yu)連綿之(zhi)時(shi),春秋氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)變化(hua)劇烈,四季(ji)分明(ming)(ming)(ming)。 冬季(ji)在(zai)極地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)團控(kong)制下,盛(sheng)行(xing)西(xi)北(bei)風,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候嚴寒(han)干(gan)燥。夏(xia)季(ji)受太平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洋副熱(re)帶氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)團影(ying)響(xiang),盛(sheng)行(xing)東南風,高溫(wen)(wen)多(duo)雨(yu)。具有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特征,屬(shu)半濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。 該(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)3.3℃。一(yi)月(yue)份平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-18.8℃,七月(yue)份平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)23℃,日(ri)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于10℃的(de)(de)(de)活動積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2800℃。 該(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均降雨(yu)量(liang)542毫米(mi);無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期短(duan),初霜(shuang)(shuang)在(zai)9月(yue)25日(ri),終霜(shuang)(shuang)5月(yue)3日(ri),約156天(tian)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)總時(shi)數2700小(xiao)時(shi)。 該(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候雖然適合于露地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)蔬菜一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二熟的(de)(de)(de)作物生長,但經常(chang)(chang)發生災(zai)害(hai)(hai)性天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),連續陰雨(yu),長期干(gan)旱、早霜(shuang)(shuang)凍等(deng)常(chang)(chang)給作物生長和(he)人民(min)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)、生活帶來不同程度的(de)(de)(de)危害(hai)(hai)和(he)損失。自然災(zai)害(hai)(hai)主要(yao)是旱、澇風、低溫(wen)(wen)、雹、霜(shuang)(shuang)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)。 4.人文歷史(shi)情(qing)況:阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)種植歷史(shi)較(jiao)長,發展也較(jiao)快,早在(zai)900年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前金(jin)代在(zai)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建都始即開始種植大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。民(min)國(guo)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)種植面(mian)積(ji)1300畝,偽滿康德3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1410畝。新中(zhong)國(guo)建立后(hou),農(nong)(nong)村(cun)實行(xing)家庭聯產(chan)(chan)(chan)承包經濟體(ti)制改革后(hou),1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),種植面(mian)積(ji)達7800畝,比1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增長7.5%;比民(min)國(guo)和(he)偽滿時(shi)期增長4.7倍(bei)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提(ti)高大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),國(guo)家和(he)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)政府不斷(duan)(duan)投(tou)入資(zi)金(jin)扶持阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu),幫助農(nong)(nong)民(min)打機(ji)(ji)電井100余眼,1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)安(an)裝了(le)(le)噴灌設(she)備,使(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)100%變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)澆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),再(zai)加上農(nong)(nong)民(min)不斷(duan)(duan)增施糞肥,改進(jin)栽培技(ji)術,改原來的(de)(de)(de)65厘(li)米(mi)寬(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)壟為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)33厘(li)米(mi)寬(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)壟,增加了(le)(le)單位(wei)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)苗(miao)數,加強(qiang)田間(jian)管理,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)有(you)(you)了(le)(le)顯著提(ti)高,從而(er)增加了(le)(le)單位(wei)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出,使(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)面(mian)積(ji)不斷(duan)(duan)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),到(dao)2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)栽培面(mian)積(ji)1000公(gong)頃(qing),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)苔2250噸,產(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭7500噸。阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)認證(zheng)發展:阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)以(yi)其獨特的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)贏(ying)得了(le)(le)廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)消費者的(de)(de)(de)喜愛,1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)被國(guo)家綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食品(pin)(pin)發展中(zhong)心認證(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食品(pin)(pin),1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)被國(guo)家命(ming)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)北(bei)方大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)之(zhi)鄉”,2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)被農(nong)(nong)業部農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)中(zhong)心認證(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)取得國(guo)家環保(bao)總局有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)食品(pin)(pin)轉(zhuan)換認證(zheng)證(zheng)書(shu),2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),哈爾濱市阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)金(jin)源綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)畜產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)協會按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)申(shen)(shen)報(bao)要(yao)求(qiu),申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)認證(zheng)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1814公(gong)頃(qing),申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)認證(zheng)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)系列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認證(zheng),檢測完全(quan)合格(ge);阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)標準化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan),阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan),嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標準化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術要(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing),在(zai)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)什河(he)白(bai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)建立了(le)(le)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標準化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)示范區(qu)(qu)和(he)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標準化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)示范區(qu)(qu);阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)聲譽,阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)以(yi)其獨特的(de)(de)(de)風味和(he)極佳的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)享譽全(quan)國(guo),被中(zhong)國(guo)特產(chan)(chan)(chan)學(xue)會命(ming)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)北(bei)方大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)之(zhi)鄉”。阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)在(zai)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)深受廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)消費者的(de)(de)(de)喜愛,現(xian)已遠(yuan)銷到(dao)日(ri)本、韓國(guo)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。
三.地域范圍
阿(a)城大蒜的(de)地(di)理標(biao)志保(bao)護的(de)區域(yu)范圍(wei)為(wei)阿(a)城區的(de)阿(a)什河街南城村(cun)、白城村(cun)、東環村(cun),雙(shuang)豐(feng)鎮雙(shuang)蘭村(cun),地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護范圍(wei)面積(ji)為(wei)10607公頃,生(sheng)產面積(ji)為(wei)1000公頃,年總(zong)產量7250噸(dun)。黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省(sheng)哈爾濱市阿(a)城區地(di)處(chu)東經126°40′-127°40′,北緯45°10′-46°之間(jian),東部(bu)、東北部(bu)與尚志縣(xian)、賓縣(xian)接壤,北與呼(hu)蘭縣(xian)為(wei)鄰,南部(bu)五常市相望。阿(a)什街和雙(shuang)豐(feng)鎮位于阿(a)城區政府所在地(di)南部(bu)。海(hai)拔高度(du)400米。
四.產品品質特性特征
1.外在(zai)(zai)感官特征:阿城大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)為紫(zi)(zi)(zi)皮(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)和白皮(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)兩種。紫(zi)(zi)(zi)皮(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)鱗莖外皮(pi)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)色(se),大(da)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)種,瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)少而個(ge)體肥大(da),蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)(tou)有5-7個(ge)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),單頭(tou)(tou)重(zhong)25克左(zuo)右。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)圍繞蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)苔座生在(zai)(zai)莖盤上,外包(bao)3-4 層蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi),莖盤下面連帶(dai)干枯須根,包(bao)裹(guo)整個(ge)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)(tou)的蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)為紫(zi)(zi)(zi)色(se),是由(you)葉鞘(qiao)基部膨大(da)形成的;白皮(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)鱗莖外皮(pi)白色(se),小瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)種,蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)2-7室,每頭(tou)(tou)6-22瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。
2.內(nei)在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:阿城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)有紫(zi)皮(pi)(pi)和(he)白皮(pi)(pi)兩種,以紫(zi)蒜(suan)(suan)著稱。紫(zi)皮(pi)(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)蒜(suan)(suan)汁稠粘,蒜(suan)(suan)味辛辣(la),品(pin)質(zhi)好(hao),宜久存(cun)。紫(zi)皮(pi)(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)所產蒜(suan)(suan)苔也是(shi)蔬菜中(zhong)的(de)佳品(pin)。阿城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)富含(han)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)和(he)碳(tan)水化合物,產生的(de)熱量很(hen)高。大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)中(zhong)含(han)有抗壞血酸(suan)、尼克酸(suan)、硫胺素(su)等營養物質(zhi)及人體所需要(yao)的(de)鈉、磷、鈣、鐵等礦質(zhi)元素(su),阿城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)含(han)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)素(su)具有抗癌、抗菌和(he)解(jie)毒殺菌、健脾開(kai)胃、消食(shi)去積(ji)和(he)預防(fang)疾病的(de)作用。阿城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)對預防(fang)心臟病及血液循(xun)環系統疾病亦有良好(hao)效果。
3.安全要求:阿城大蒜在生產過程中嚴格執行NY 5001-2007 無(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 蔥(cong)蒜類蔬菜,GB 4285 農(nong)藥(yao)安全使(shi)用標準,GB/T 8321 農(nong)藥(yao)合理使(shi)用標準,NY 5010-2001 無(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 蔬菜產地(di)環境條件等國家強制性技術(shu)規(gui)范。
五.特定(ding)生產(chan)方式
本部分內容主(zhu)要表述影(ying)響阿(a)城大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)品質、特(te)色形(xing)成和保持的特(te)定生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式: 1.產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)選擇(ze)與(yu)特(te)殊內容規定:阿(a)城大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)選擇(ze)在(zai)阿(a)什河街南城村、白城村、東(dong)環(huan)村,雙(shuang)豐鎮雙(shuang)蘭村,該(gai)地(di)域(yu)遠離區中(zhong)心,不受(shou)城區各種污染源的污染,且(qie)生(sheng)態環(huan)境良(liang)好,空(kong)氣清(qing)晰,土質肥(fei)沃,降水(shui)均(jun)勻,年(nian)降水(shui)量在(zai)600mm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。無霜期135天左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),年(nian)有效積溫3000度左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),日照(zhao)充(chong)足,阿(a)什河水(shui)川流而過,是個(ge)天造(zao)地(di)設(she)的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)的好地(di)方。經(jing)過幾年(nian)來區、街兩級科(ke)技、資金的投入,擁有一流噴灌(guan)設(she)備和優良(liang)品種,我區阿(a)什河人民一定能按(an)照(zhao)無公(gong)害食品操(cao)作規程來組織生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出合格的無公(gong)害大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)。
2.品種(zhong)選擇與特定要求:阿城大蒜(suan)(suan)品種(zhong)以阿城紫(zi)皮蒜(suan)(suan)為主,因為大蒜(suan)(suan)在(zai)生(sheng)產中(zhong)退化嚴重,所以,每年都到(dao)高(gao)我省(sheng)高(gao)緯度(du)地區進行串換(huan)種(zhong)子。
3.生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理:阿(a)城(cheng)大蒜在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中嚴格執行(xing)阿(a)城(cheng)區無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)六(liu)項管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),即:無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)追溯制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)技術(shu)服務(wu)體(ti)系(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)培(pei)訓(xun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檔案管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)“十戶聯保(bao)”制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。在農(nong)業(ye)業(ye)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)方(fang)面(mian)采取(qu)了四(si)(si)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan):一(yi)是市(shi)場監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)加大對投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)力(li)度(du)(du) 搞(gao)好源頭(tou)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理上(shang),堅持經(jing)營(ying)許可證(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),禁限用(yong)(yong)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)定期(qi)公(gong)(gong)開(kai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(電視公(gong)(gong)告、信息(xi)發布投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)禁限用(yong)(yong)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)),綠辦與農(nong)業(ye)執法(fa)(fa)大隊配合給經(jing)營(ying)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)業(ye)戶把禁限用(yong)(yong)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)張貼上(shang)墻,讓生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者明明白(bai)白(bai)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)。二是執法(fa)(fa)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。由農(nong)業(ye)執法(fa)(fa)大隊對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)市(shi)場、龍頭(tou)企業(ye)、基(ji)地農(nong)戶進(jin)行(xing)全面(mian)檢查監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。三是技術(shu)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。由技術(shu)部門對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者進(jin)行(xing)培(pei)訓(xun),對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)投(tou)入進(jin)行(xing)具體(ti)指導和服務(wu)。四(si)(si)是網絡監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。由農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全辦公(gong)(gong)室對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)、基(ji)地、企業(ye)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)業(ye)戶、投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)等建(jian)立電子檔案,實行(xing)數字化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理。
4.生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄要求:阿城(cheng)大蒜生(sheng)產(chan)要求農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)建立嚴(yan)格的農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄檔(dang)案,按農(nong)時操作填(tian)寫(xie)由阿城(cheng)區(qu)綠色(se)食品辦公室統一(yi)制作的農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄,鄉鎮農(nong)產(chan)品質量安全管(guan)理員及(ji)區(qu)綠辦工作人員定期對農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄進行檢查和指導(dao),發現填(tian)寫(xie)不合(he)格的及(ji)時糾正。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規定
阿城大蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(紫皮(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan))生育期90-93天(tian)(tian),一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)七月(yue)上中(zhong)(zhong)旬成(cheng)熟。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)頭收獲(huo)應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時。按蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)頭大小(xiao)進(jin)行分(fen)級,然(ran)后編辮(bian)(bian)。大蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)收獲(huo)晾(liang)干(gan)前,營養物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)仍(reng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)繼(ji)續運(yun)轉,外蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)和(he)內蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)繼(ji)續變薄,呈(cheng)現過(guo)(guo)熟現象。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)太薄易(yi)破(po),不能保護蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣,蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣易(yi)受機械創傷,感染霉(mei)菌腐爛。因此,收獲(huo)后立即晾(liang)曬蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)頭,使須(xu)根(gen)和(he)內外蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)失水(shui)干(gan)縮,終斷(duan)營養物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的運(yun)轉。起蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)時上午起蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)攤曬,下(xia)午綁扎成(cheng)捆。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)晾(liang)曬過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)避免(mian)遭(zao)受雨淋,堆(dui)集(ji)時要(yao)避免(mian)捂垛(duo),假莖干(gan)透后即可(ke)編成(cheng)辮(bian)(bian)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)成(cheng)辮(bian)(bian)后不要(yao)碼(ma)(ma)堆(dui)或(huo)碼(ma)(ma)垛(duo),要(yao)進(jin)行掛(gua)(gua)貯(zhu),防止蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)頭擠壓受傷。商品蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)自七月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬收獲(huo)到十月(yue)上旬在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室外涼棚(peng)(peng)暫貯(zhu)。涼棚(peng)(peng)搭(da)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高爽不存水(shui)的地(di)方(fang),棚(peng)(peng)內搭(da)圓木架掛(gua)(gua)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)。也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)碼(ma)(ma)堆(dui)存放,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30厘(li)米(mi)高墊(dian)木上擺蒜(suan)(suan)(suan),每(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)5-6辮(bian)(bian),第(di)(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)辮(bian)(bian)頭朝(chao)東,第(di)(di)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)南,第(di)(di)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)西(xi),第(di)(di)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)北;第(di)(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)朝(chao)南或(huo)其它方(fang)向,第(di)(di)2-4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)依次變更方(fang)向。辮(bian)(bian)與辮(bian)(bian)之間留3厘(li)米(mi)距(ju)離(li),蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)頭朝(chao)下(xia);垛(duo)高20-25層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),垛(duo)與垛(duo)之間留30厘(li)米(mi)距(ju)離(li),以(yi)(yi)(yi)利通風(feng)(feng)。于10月(yue)上旬入(ru)窖或(huo)庫貯(zhu)藏,掛(gua)(gua)架碼(ma)(ma)堆(dui)均可(ke)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)庫應(ying)(ying)為(wei)半地(di)下(xia)式,庫內搭(da)圓木架掛(gua)(gua)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan),并設火(huo)炕(kang)保持(chi)一(yi)定(ding)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)入(ru)庫前要(yao)清掃庫,用硫磺(huang)熏(xun)蒸,殺蟲滅菌。地(di)面撒生石灰吸潮,同(tong)時燒炕(kang)2-3天(tian)(tian),排除潮氣。大蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)入(ru)庫掛(gua)(gua)架,應(ying)(ying)先(xian)掛(gua)(gua)上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),后掛(gua)(gua)中(zhong)(zhong)、下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);先(xian)掛(gua)(gua)遠處,后掛(gua)(gua)近(jin)處。四(si)壁靠墻不應(ying)(ying)掛(gua)(gua)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan),并且庫中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)留通道,供通風(feng)(feng)和(he)檢查溫(wen)(wen)度(du)用。庫中(zhong)(zhong)心及(ji)四(si)角(jiao)、上下(xia)都應(ying)(ying)設溫(wen)(wen)度(du)表,干(gan)濕球溫(wen)(wen)度(du)表設在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央,冬貯(zhu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)保持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)零(ling)下(xia)5-7度(du),3-5天(tian)(tian)檢查一(yi)次溫(wen)(wen)度(du)變化,防止傷熱或(huo)受凍(dong)。碼(ma)(ma)堆(dui)貯(zhu)藏與室外涼棚(peng)(peng)暫貯(zhu)相同(tong)。銷售(shou)時裝箱(xiang),粘(zhan)貼無公害農(nong)產品標志。包裝箱(xiang)為(wei)紙(zhi)箱(xiang),每(mei)箱(xiang)2kg。