吉(ji)林文廟占地16354平方米(mi)(mi),有(you)殿(dian)堂(tang)配廡(wu)64間(jian)(jian),由3米(mi)(mi)高(gao)圍(wei)墻環繞(rao),周長(chang)為596米(mi)(mi),坐(zuo)北朝南構成(cheng)三進院落(luo),其(qi)主體建筑在(zai)一條中軸線上(shang),依次是照壁(長(chang)40米(mi)(mi),高(gao)5米(mi)(mi))、狀元橋、泮池(chi)、欞星門(men)(3楹(ying))、大(da)成(cheng)門(men)(5間(jian)(jian))、大(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)(高(gao)19.46米(mi)(mi),闊36米(mi)(mi),深25米(mi)(mi))、崇圣殿(dian)(7間(jian)(jian))。左右兩邊的輔助建筑呈(cheng)對稱狀排列,有(you)名宦祠(ci)、鄉賢祠(ci)、省牲廳(ting)、祭樂(le)器庫、先賢祠(ci)、先儒(ru)祠(ci)。文廟的一進院落(luo)東(dong)西兩側有(you)東(dong)西轅門(men)。大(da)成(cheng)門(men)兩側為金聲玉振門(men)。
吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)市(shi)文廟(miao)博(bo)物館是地方歷(li)史文化藝術性質的博(bo)物館。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)陳列有《孔子生(sheng)平事(shi)跡展(zhan)覽(lan)》、《漢白玉石刻圣跡圖》和《孔子四配(pei)十二哲塑(su)像展(zhan)覽(lan)》,東西配(pei)廡為(wei)舉辦臨時(shi)展(zhan)覽(lan)的展(zhan)廳(ting),經(jing)常舉辦美(mei)術、書(shu)法、攝影等(deng)各種(zhong)文化藝術展(zhan)覽(lan)。院內場地還可舉辦各類大型(xing)民(min)(min)間(jian)、民(min)(min)俗等(deng)群眾性文化娛樂活動。 該館以收(shou)藏吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)地區(qu)歷(li)代文化藝術方面(mian)的名人繪畫、書(shu)法、民(min)(min)間(jian)工藝、碑刻等(deng)為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)內容(rong)。 曾(ceng)出版(ban)《吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)市(shi)文廟(miao)博(bo)物館簡介(jie)》。
吉(ji)(ji)林(lin)在(zai)清朝初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)稱雞(ji)陵烏拉,滿語為靠近江邊之(zhi)意。吉(ji)(ji)林(lin)是由此簡化音(yin)轉而來(lai),又名船廠(chang)。 雍正五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1727年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))設永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吉(ji)(ji)州(zhou),乾(qian)(qian)隆十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1747年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))撤永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吉(ji)(ji)州(zhou),建(jian)(jian)立(li)吉(ji)(ji)林(lin)廳,光緒八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))改為吉(ji)(ji)林(lin)府。乾(qian)(qian)隆元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1736年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))七月,乾(qian)(qian)隆皇(huang)帝(di)(di)欽命修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)(jian)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吉(ji)(ji)州(zhou)文(wen)廟,地(di)址(zhi)在(zai)城(cheng)內東南隅(即今市實驗小學(xue)院內)。乾(qian)(qian)隆七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1742年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吉(ji)(ji)州(zhou)文(wen)廟落(luo)成。乾(qian)(qian)隆五十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1790年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))城(cheng)內大火,文(wen)廟被焚(fen),由吉(ji)(ji)林(lin)將軍奏請用官銀重(zhong)新(xin)修(xiu)(xiu)葺(qi),殿(dian)廡門(men)(men)堂(tang)煥然一(yi)新(xin)。嘉(jia)慶十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1806年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),廟內齋房被焚(fen),十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1809年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))經奏請用官銀在(zai)齋房故址(zhi)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)(jian)起尊經閣。至(zhi)道光初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吉(ji)(ji)州(zhou)文(wen)廟的建(jian)(jian)筑有圣(sheng)殿(dian)三(san)間、東西(xi)(xi)(xi)廡各三(san)間、啟圣(sheng)祠三(san)間,在(zai)圣(sheng)殿(dian)后(hou)有大成門(men)(men)三(san)間,在(zai)廡前有泮(pan)水(shui)池,泮(pan)水(shui)池北有東西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩角門(men)(men),東曰圣(sheng)域,西(xi)(xi)(xi)曰賢關。泮(pan)水(shui)池南為欞星門(men)(men)。門(men)(men)墻外有左右下(xia)馬坊各一(yi),其南為照(zhao)壁。廟之(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)為明(ming)倫堂(tang)三(san)間,堂(tang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)的尊經閣三(san)間,堂(tang)后(hou)為學(xue)正廨所。 文(wen)廟建(jian)(jian)成之(zhi)初,在(zai)正殿(dian)懸有康熙皇(huang)帝(di)(di)御書“萬世師表”匾額。嘉(jia)慶年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間又懸有嘉(jia)慶皇(huang)帝(di)(di)御書“圣(sheng)集大成”匾額。
道(dao)光十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1838年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),由吉林(lin)士紳捐款維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。 咸(xian)豐九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1859年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),由舉人(ren)慶福、貢生侯鎮藩(fan)倡(chang)捐重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)泮(pan)池,改(gai)為石橋。 同治十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1871年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),另(ling)建(jian)明(ming)倫堂三楹(ying),磚(zhuan)儀門一座,并(bing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)大(da)(da)門。 光緒九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1883年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))由署府教授解延慶改(gai)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)兩廡(wu)為各(ge)五楹(ying)。 光緒十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1893年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))由巡道(dao)訥(ne)欽重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),添建(jian)祭器樂器二(er)庫(ku),加(jia)大(da)(da)泮(pan)池,加(jia)高照壁,并(bing)于廟(miao)內建(jian)名宦(huan)祠(ci)、鄉(xiang)賢祠(ci)、節孝(xiao)祠(ci)各(ge)三楹(ying)。在(zai)大(da)(da)成殿后,建(jian)崇圣殿三楹(ying)。 光緒三十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1906年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))升祭孔為國家(jia)大(da)(da)祀。光緒三十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1907年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))吉林(lin)改(gai)設行(xing)省,巡撫朱家(jia)寶和提學使(shi)吳魯認為文(wen)廟(miao)簡陋,不足崇禮(li),特聘江蘇訓導管尚瑩(ying)去關內考(kao)察(cha)各(ge)地孔廟(miao),決定在(zai)東萊門外(即今址(zhi))拓建(jian)新(xin)廟(miao),就是現吉林(lin)文(wen)廟(miao)。
吉林(lin)(lin)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)南(nan)北(bei)長221米(mi)(mi),東西寬74米(mi)(mi)。大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)、大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、崇圣(sheng)(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、東西轅門(men)(men)、照壁(萬仞宮墻)和(he)圍墻均采用(yong)黃琉璃瓦(wa)覆頂。大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)式(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂,黃琉璃瓦(wa)高浮雕(diao)龍(long)鳳脊,正面(mian)(mian)九龍(long),背面(mian)(mian)九鳳,脊的(de)(de)(de)兩端(duan)為(wei)(wei)九尺高的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)型(xing)鴟(chi)吻(wen),吻(wen)頭突兀(wu)凌空,九踩斗拱(gong),墨線(xian)大(da)點金(jin)(jin)旋子(zi)彩繪(hui)。大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)月(yue)(yue)臺(tai)(露臺(tai))1.5米(mi)(mi)高,漢白(bai)玉(yu)圍欄的(de)(de)(de)欄板雕(diao)刻精(jing)細(xi)。月(yue)(yue)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)階上鑲嵌著漢白(bai)玉(yu)雕(diao)刻的(de)(de)(de)“團(tuan)龍(long)”,刻工細(xi)膩,神態逼真。大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)是祭祀孔子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)正門(men)(men)。歇(xie)山(shan)式(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂,高浮雕(diao)龍(long)鳳脊,正面(mian)(mian)五龍(long),背面(mian)(mian)五鳳,斗拱(gong)交錯,突出了宮殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)特點。大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)內(nei)東置(zhi)晨鐘,西置(zhi)暮(mu)鼓。門(men)(men)前立有(you)同治十年修廟(miao)記事(shi)碑。兩側(ce)為(wei)(wei)“金(jin)(jin)聲(sheng)”、“玉(yu)振”邊門(men)(men)。 崇圣(sheng)(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)孔子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)家廟(miao),大(da)式(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),單檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)式(shi),鏤(lou)空龍(long)脊,七開間。 文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)正門(men)(men)兩側(ce)是東西轅門(men)(men),門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)木(mu)柱、錫頂。東門(men)(men)懸“德配天(tian)地”,西門(men)(men)懸“道冠古(gu)今(jin)”匾額,為(wei)(wei)清代(dai)進士(shi)曹廣(guang)禎所(suo)書。 欞星門(men)(men)是一(yi)(yi)座石質(zhi)牌坊,四柱三(san)楹。每柱頂端(duan)蹲踞(ju)著的(de)(de)(de)神獸(shou)形象怪異,形成(cheng)(cheng)吉林(lin)(lin)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)欞星門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)獨有(you)特點。 大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)孔子(zi)、四配、十二哲(zhe)人(ren)塑(su)像表(biao)情端(duan)莊,神態溫恭。塑(su)像上方懸有(you)清康熙、雍正、乾隆(long)、嘉慶、道光御書匾額。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)陳列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)425件祭器(qi)(qi)、樂器(qi)(qi),增添(tian)了大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)莊嚴肅穆的(de)(de)(de)氣氛。東西山(shan)墻上分別繪(hui)有(you)長13米(mi)(mi)、寬7米(mi)(mi)巨幅(fu)壁畫“水龍(long)圖(tu)”、“火龍(long)圖(tu)”,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生,別具一(yi)(yi)格。 東西配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)陳列(lie)著“孔子(zi)圣(sheng)(sheng)跡陳列(lie)”。 院內(nei)整體環境幽(you)雅、綠化整齊,名貴(gui)樹種繁多,且(qie)同文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)典氣氛相(xiang)吻(wen)合。各甬路均用(yong)方磚(zhuan)鋪設,平坦(tan)舒展,整齊有(you)序。 吉林(lin)(lin)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)主(zhu)體建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宏偉(wei)高大(da),金(jin)(jin)碧輝煌,附屬建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與主(zhu)體建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)諧配套,并融(rong)于花草、樹木(mu)之(zhi)中,既主(zhu)次分明,又渾然一(yi)(yi)體,充分展示(shi)了古(gu)典建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)諧統一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)美感。
吉林(lin)文(wen)廟既是(shi)封建(jian)社會統(tong)治階級尊孔寵儒的(de)禮制建(jian)筑(zhu),更是(shi)勞動(dong)人民(min)智慧(hui)與汗水的(de)結晶。它在相當(dang)程度上(shang)保存了我國(guo)古典建(jian)筑(zhu)藝術的(de)精華(hua),顯(xian)示出(chu)儒教建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)特殊(shu)風格,并(bing)以其金碧交輝(hui)的(de)雄姿為美麗(li)的(de)江城增添了光輝(hui)。
吉林(lin)文(wen)(wen)廟是一個以保護(hu)古建(jian)筑群而建(jian)立的(de)專業性博物館(guan),以對公(gong)眾進行(xing)中華(hua)(hua)民族傳統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化教(jiao)(jiao)育和愛國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)義教(jiao)(jiao)育為(wei)(wei)已任,以舉辦展覽、文(wen)(wen)化活(huo)動等為(wei)(wei)載體,以激(ji)發公(gong)眾的(de)愛國(guo)(guo)熱情、推動全民素質提高為(wei)(wei)目的(de),自1990年(nian)成立以來,一直(zhi)肩(jian)負著弘揚中華(hua)(hua)民族傳統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化,傳播愛國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)義教(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)歷史重(zhong)任。1992年(nian)吉林(lin)文(wen)(wen)廟被(bei)市委、市政府命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)市級愛國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)義教(jiao)(jiao)育基地。1995年(nian),吉林(lin)文(wen)(wen)廟被(bei)命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)省級重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物保護(hu)單位。2006年(nian),被(bei)國(guo)(guo)務院批準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物保護(hu)單位。