簡介
紅(hong)安(an)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)它是著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)黃(huang)(huang)麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)策源地(di)(di),中國工(gong)農(nong)紅(hong)軍(jun)三大(da)主(zhu)力之一的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)四(si)(si)方面軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)誕生地(di)(di),是全(quan)國僅次(ci)于井岡山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第二(er)(er)大(da)根據地(di)(di)——鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)根據地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中心,曾被(bei)(bei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming)為“列寧(ning)市(shi)”。紅(hong)安(an),原名(ming)(ming)(ming)黃(huang)(huang)安(an),位于大(da)別山(shan)南麓鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)兩(liang)(liang)省交界處,七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)前,一群年(nian)(nian)(nian)輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)產黨人領導當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)工(gong)發動(dong)了(le)(le)史(shi)稱(cheng)“黃(huang)(huang)麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)裝暴動(dong),并以(yi)此為中心建(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)蘇維埃(ai)紅(hong)色政權(quan)。整個戰(zhan)爭年(nian)(nian)(nian)代,共(gong)有(you)14萬紅(hong)安(an)兒(er)女獻(xian)出(chu)了(le)(le)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命(ming)(ming)(ming),從(cong)這片被(bei)(bei)血(xue)染紅(hong)了(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)上,也才走出(chu)了(le)(le)董(dong)必(bi)武(wu)、李(li)先念兩(liang)(liang)任(ren)共(gong)和國的(de)(de)(de)(de)國家主(zhu)席,還(huan)有(you)韓先楚、秦基(ji)偉等威名(ming)(ming)(ming)顯赫的(de)(de)(de)(de)223名(ming)(ming)(ming)共(gong)和國的(de)(de)(de)(de)將軍(jun)。紅(hong)安(an)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)是第二(er)(er)次(ci)國內革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)戰(zhan)爭時(shi)期(qi)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)根據地(di)(di)之一。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)就建(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)共(gong)產黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織, 1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,中共(gong)黃(huang)(huang)(安(an))麻(ma)(城(cheng))特(te)委(wei)(wei)根據中央“八七(qi)(qi)”會(hui)議(yi)精神(shen),領到了(le)(le)著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)。起(qi)義(yi)部隊在(zai)在(zai)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)誓師,經過了(le)(le)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗攻(gong)克了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)縣(xian)城(cheng),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)縣(xian)農(nong)民革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)政權(quan),并建(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)中國工(gong)農(nong)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)軍(jun)鄂(e)東軍(jun)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian),鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)根據地(di)(di)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為根據地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中心;1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)也被(bei)(bei)改名(ming)(ming)(ming)為“列寧(ning)市(shi)”。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋在(zai)此召(zhao)開了(le)(le)鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)邊區第一次(ci)工(gong)農(nong)兵代表大(da)會(hui),選舉了(le)(le)蘇維埃(ai)政府(fu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,在(zai)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)中國工(gong)農(nong)紅(hong)軍(jun)第四(si)(si)方面軍(jun),總指揮(hui)是徐向前,陳昌浩任(ren)政治委(wei)(wei)員。紅(hong)安(an)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)舊址保存完整,現存革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)舊址四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)余處,有(you)鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)特(te)區蘇維埃(ai)、革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)法庭、工(gong)會(hui)、銀行、黃(huang)(huang)麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)會(hui)場、中共(gong)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)縣(xian)委(wei)(wei)駐(zhu)地(di)(di)、紅(hong)軍(jun)經濟(ji)公社、列寧(ning)小學等。在(zai)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)后山(shan)上建(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)紀念碑,碑上鐫刻有(you)董(dong)必(bi)武(wu)手書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)烈士(shi)永垂不朽”八個大(da)字。
歷史沿革
紅(hong)(hong)安七里(li)(li)坪是(shi)第(di)二(er)次國內革(ge)命(ming)(ming)戰爭(zheng)時期重要的(de)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地之(zhi)一(yi)。1924年(nian)(nian)就(jiu)建立了(le)(le)(le)共產黨的(de)組織,1927年(nian)(nian)蔣介石發動“四一(yi)二(er)”政(zheng)變叛變革(ge)命(ming)(ming)后,這里(li)(li)就(jiu)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)麻地區革(ge)命(ming)(ming)活(huo)動的(de)策源地。1927年(nian)(nian)11月,中(zhong)(zhong)共黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(安)麻(城)特委(wei)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)央“八七”會議精神,領到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)著名(ming)的(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)麻起義(yi)(yi)。起義(yi)(yi)部(bu)隊在(zai)在(zai)七里(li)(li)坪誓師,經過(guo)了(le)(le)(le)激烈(lie)的(de)戰斗(dou)攻克了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)安縣城,成(cheng)立了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)安縣農(nong)民革(ge)命(ming)(ming)政(zheng)權,并(bing)建立了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國工農(nong)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)軍鄂(e)(e)(e)東軍。1929年(nian)(nian),鄂(e)(e)(e)豫(yu)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地形(xing)成(cheng),七里(li)(li)坪成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心。1930年(nian)(nian),鄂(e)(e)(e)豫(yu)皖革(ge)命(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地形(xing)成(cheng),七里(li)(li)坪也被改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“列寧市”,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地的(de)重要組成(cheng)部(bu)分。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)秋在(zai)此召開了(le)(le)(le)鄂(e)(e)(e)豫(yu)皖邊區第(di)一(yi)次工農(nong)兵代(dai)表大會,選舉了(le)(le)(le)蘇維埃(ai)政(zheng)府成(cheng)員(yuan)。1931年(nian)(nian)11月,在(zai)七里(li)(li)坪組成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國工農(nong)紅(hong)(hong)軍第(di)四方(fang)面軍,總指揮(hui)是(shi)徐向前,陳昌浩任政(zheng)治委(wei)員(yuan)。
紅安七里坪(ping)革(ge)命舊址(zhi)保(bao)存完整,現存革(ge)命舊址(zhi)四十(shi)余處,有(you)鄂豫(yu)皖(wan)特區蘇維埃、革(ge)命法庭、工會(hui)、銀行、黃麻起義會(hui)場、中共黃安縣委(wei)駐地、紅軍經濟公社、列(lie)寧小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)等。在(zai)七里坪(ping)鎮(zhen)后山(shan)上建立了紀(ji)念碑,碑上鐫刻(ke)有(you)董(dong)必武手書的“革(ge)命烈士(shi)永(yong)垂不朽”八個(ge)大字。七里坪(ping)革(ge)命紀(ji)念館設在(zai)列(lie)寧小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)舊址(zhi),陳列(lie)有(you)革(ge)命的史(shi)料供后人參觀。