《鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)碑(bei)》,又(you)稱(cheng)《鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)碑(bei)》,分為上、下兩碑(bei),故又(you)稱(cheng)《鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)上下碑(bei)》,上碑(bei)全稱(cheng)《魏故中書(shu)令秘書(shu)監鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)之碑(bei)》,下碑(bei)全稱(cheng)《魏故中書(shu)令秘書(shu)監使持督兗(yan)州(zhou)諸軍事(shi)安東(dong)將軍兗(yan)州(zhou)刺史南陽文(wen)公(gong)(gong)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君之碑(bei)》,傳為北魏書(shu)法(fa)家鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭于永平四年(511年)撰刻(ke)的摩崖(ya)刻(ke)石、楷(kai)書(shu)書(shu)法(fa)作品。現(xian)上碑(bei)在山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)平度縣(xian)天柱山(shan),下碑(bei)在山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)掖縣(xian)云峰山(shan)之東(dong)寒洞山(shan)。
《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》上碑二(er)(er)十(shi)行(xing),行(xing)五十(shi)字(zi),下碑五十(shi)一行(xing),行(xing)二(er)(er)十(shi)九(jiu)字(zi)。兩碑文(wen)同(tong),只數(shu)處字(zi)句稍異。下碑有碑額,正(zheng)書“滎陽鄭(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)之碑”,二(er)(er)行(xing)七字(zi)。兩碑文(wen)皆是記述(shu)鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)父(fu)親鄭(zheng)羲(xi)的(de)生平事跡,文(wen)多諛詞且有失實。
《鄭文公(gong)碑》書(shu)法飄(piao)逸(yi),字態蘊藉(jie)風雅,結體(ti)寬博宕(dang)逸(yi),氣勢(shi)雄渾開張,其筆力矯(jiao)健,結構(gou)新奇(qi),氣勢(shi)磅礴,雄偉(wei)多(duo)姿。它既有篆隸之(zhi)勢(shi),復具分隸之(zhi)雅,更(geng)饒草書(shu)之(zhi)情理(li),萃眾長于一碑,堪稱(cheng)佳構(gou)。
釋文:
魏故中書令(ling)秘書監鄭文公(gong)之碑。
公(gong)(gong)諱(hui)羲,字(zi)幼麐,司(si)州(zhou)滎陽開(kai)封(feng)人(ren)也(ye)。肇洪源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)有周,胙母弟以(yi)命氏(shi)(shi)。桓(huan)以(yi)親賢司(si)徒(tu),武以(yi)善(shan)職并歌(ge)。《緇衣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,誦乎(hu)(hu)奕世(shi)。逮鄭(zheng)君當時(shi),播節(jie)(jie)讓以(yi)振高(gao)(gao)風;大(da)夫司(si)農,創(chuang)解(jie)詁以(yi)開(kai)經義。揚州(zhou)淵謀,以(yi)“十(shi)策”匡時(shi);豫州(zhou)司(si)空,以(yi)勛德著稱。高(gao)(gao)祖略,恢亮(liang)儒素,味道(dao)(dao)居真。趙(zhao)石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)興,徵給(gei)事(shi)黃(huang)門侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,遷(qian)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)、尚書(shu)(shu),贈(zeng)揚州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史。曾祖豁(huo),以(yi)明(ming)哲佐世(shi),后燕(yan)中(zhong)山(shan)尹、太常(chang)卿、濟(ji)南貞公(gong)(gong)。祖溫,道(dao)(dao)協儲端,燕(yan)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)瞻事(shi)。父曄(ye),仁(ren)結義徒(tu),績著寧邊。拜建威將(jiang)軍(jun)、汝(ru)陰太守,綿榮(rong)修載(zai),聯光千世(shi)。公(gong)(gong)稟三(san)靈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)純氣,應(ying)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒(heng)期。乘和(he)載(zai)誕,文(wen)(wen)明(ming)冠(guan)(guan)世(shi)。篤(du)信樂(le)(le)道(dao)(dao),據德依仁(ren)。孝弟端雅(ya),寡(gua)言愍行。六籍孔精,百(bai)(bai)氏(shi)(shi)備究。陰陽律(lv)(lv)歷,尤所留心(xin)。常(chang)慕平仲、子(zi)(zi)(zi)產之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)人(ren)也(ye),蘊(yun)斯(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)于(yu)(yu)衡泌,延德聲乎(hu)(hu)州(zhou)閭。舉秀(xiu)才,答(da)策高(gao)(gao)第,擢補中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)博(bo)(bo)士。任清(qing)務簡,遂乘閑述(shu)作,注諸經論(lun),撰《話(hua)林(lin)》及(ji)諸文(wen)(wen)賦詔策,辭清(qing)雅(ya)博(bo)(bo)。遷(qian)中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,假員外散騎常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),南使(shi)(shi)宋(song)國(guo),宋(song)主客(ke)郎孔道(dao)(dao)均(jun)就邸設(she)會,酒行樂(le)(le)作,均(jun)謂公(gong)(gong)曰(yue):“樂(le)(le)其(qi)何如?”公(gong)(gong)答(da)曰(yue):“哀(ai)楚(chu)有馀而雅(ya)正不(bu)(bu)(bu)足,其(qi)細已(yi)甚,而能久乎(hu)(hu)?”均(jun)嘿然(ran)而罷,移年而蕭氏(shi)(shi)滅宋(song)。雖延陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)昔詩,鄭(zheng)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽宋(song)樂(le)(le),其(qi)若神明(ming)矣。朝廷以(yi)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)協皇(huang)華,原隰斯(si)(si)光,遷(qian)給(gei)事(shi)中(zhong)、中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)令。總司(si)文(wen)(wen)史,敷(fu)奏惟允(yun),國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)(lv)令,是(shi)所議(yi)定。公(gong)(gong)長(chang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)懿,邕(yong)容(rong)和(he)令,器(qi)望(wang)兼資。早綜銓衡,能聲徽著。敦詩悅(yue)禮,尤精易(yi)理。季子(zi)(zi)(zi)道(dao)(dao)昭,博(bo)(bo)學經書(shu)(shu),才冠(guan)(guan)秘穎。研注圖史,文(wen)(wen)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紫幄(wo)。每在(zai)朝堂,公(gong)(gong)行于(yu)(yu)前,吏部、秘書(shu)(shu)隨其(qi)后,凡厥(jue)庶寮,莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)欽(qin)其(qi)人(ren)也(ye)。于(yu)(yu)時(shi)有識,比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)陳。后年不(bu)(bu)(bu)盈(ying)紀,懿:給(gei)事(shi)黃(huang)門侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郎、太常(chang)卿、使(shi)(shi)持節(jie)(jie)平東(dong)(dong)將(jiang)軍(jun)、齊(qi)州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史;道(dao)(dao)昭:中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郎、國(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)祭酒、通直散騎常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、秘書(shu)(shu)監、司(si)州(zhou)大(da)中(zhong)正、使(shi)(shi)持節(jie)(jie)平東(dong)(dong)將(jiang)軍(jun)、光州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史。父官子(zi)(zi)(zi)寵(chong),才德相承,海內敬(jing)其(qi)榮(rong)也(ye)。太和(he)初,除公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)持節(jie)(jie)安東(dong)(dong)將(jiang)軍(jun)、兗(yan)州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史、南陽公(gong)(gong)。德政(zheng)寬(kuan)明(ming),化先仁(ren)惠。不(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治,穆如清(qing)風。太和(he)中(zhong),徵秘書(shu)(shu)監。春(chun)秋年六十(shi)有七,寢疾(ji)薨(hong)乎(hu)(hu)位(wei)。凡百(bai)(bai)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)悲國(guo)秀(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永沉(chen),哀(ai)道(dao)(dao)宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)沒。皇(huang)上(shang)震悼,痛百(bai)(bai)常(chang)往。遣使(shi)(shi),策贈(zeng)有加,謚曰(yue)“文(wen)(wen)”,祭以(yi)大(da)牢。葬乎(hu)(hu)滎陽石(shi)門東(dong)(dong)南十(shi)三(san)里三(san)皇(huang)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)故(gu)吏主簿、東(dong)(dong)郡程天賜等六十(shi)人(ren),仰道(dao)(dao)墳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緬邈,悲鴻休之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未刊,乃相與欽(qin)述(shu)景行,銘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄石(shi),以(yi)揚非世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,而作頌曰(yue):
爰鑒往紀,稽覽前徽,有賢有圣,靡弗應時。繇實契姒,旦亦協姬,於穆鄭公(gong),誕應期。伊昔桓武,并美司徒;恭維(wei)我君,世(shi)監秘書。三墳克(ke)闡,五典允敷(fu),文為辭首,學(xue)實宗儒。德秀時哲,望(wang)高世(shi)族(zu)。灼灼獨明,亭亭孤(gu)。式胄(zhou)三雍(yong),鄒風再燭。作岳河兗,澤(ze)移草木(mu)。慶靈長發,繼(ji)葉(xie)傳光。君既挺發,胤亦含章。文義襲(xi)軌,朱紱相(xiang)望(wang)。刊石銘(ming)德,與日(ri)永(yong)揚。
魏永平四年,歲(sui)在辛(xin)卯刊。
釋文:
魏(wei)故中(zhong)書(shu)令秘(mi)書(shu)監使持節督(du)兗州諸軍(jun)事安東將軍(jun)兗州刺史(shi)南陽文(wen)公(gong)鄭君之碑草。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)諱羲,字幼(you)麟,司(si)州(zhou)(zhou)熒(ying)陽(yang)開(kai)(kai)封人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。肇洪源于(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)周,胙母弟以(yi)命氏。桓以(yi)親賢司(si)徒(tu),武(wu)以(yi)善(shan)職,并(bing)歌緇衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo),誦乎奕(yi)世(shi),降逮于(yu)(yu)漢,鄭(zheng)君當(dang)時(shi)(shi),播節(jie)讓以(yi)振高(gao)風(feng)。大夫司(si)農,創解(jie)詁(gu)以(yi)開(kai)(kai)經義,跡刊圖(tu)史(shi)、美(mei)(mei)灼(zhuo)二書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。德(de)(de)音云翻,碩響長烈。揚州(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)十策匡時(shi)(shi),司(si)空豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)勛德(de)(de)著稱(cheng)(cheng)。高(gao)祖略,恢亮儒素,味道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)居真,州(zhou)(zhou)府招(zhao)辟莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能致。值有(you)(you)(you)晉弗竟,君道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)陵(ling)夷,聰(cong)曜(yao)虔劉,避地冀方。隱(yin)括(kuo)求全,靜居自(zi)逸。屬石(shi)氏勃興,撥(bo)亂起正。徵給事(shi)(shi)(shi),黃門(men)侍(shi)(shi)郎,遷(qian)(qian)侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)尚書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),贈(zeng)(zeng)揚州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)。曾祖豁,以(yi)明(ming)哲佐世(shi)。后(hou)(hou)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)山尹,太(tai)常卿,濟南(nan)貞公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。祖溫,道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)協(xie)儲端,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)瞻事(shi)(shi)(shi)。父曄按魏(wei)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)本(ben)傳當(dang)為(wei)(wei)煜(yu),仁結義徒(tu),績著寜邊,拜建威將(jiang)軍(jun),汝(ru)陰(yin)太(tai)守。綿榮千載,聯光(guang)百(bai)(bai)世(shi)。自(zi)非(fei)積德(de)(de)累仁,慶屆無窮(qiong),其(qi)熟能傳輝踵美(mei)(mei),致如(ru)(ru)此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠哉?可(ke)(ke)謂身沒而(er)(er)名不(bu)(bu)朽者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稟三(san)靈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淑氣(qi),應(ying)五百(bai)(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒(heng)期,乘和(he)載誕,文(wen)(wen)明(ming)冠世(shi)。篤信樂道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),據德(de)(de)依仁。孝弟端雅(ya),慎言(yan)愍行(xing)(xing)。六籍孔精,百(bai)(bai)氏備究(jiu)。八素索(suo)九丘,靡不(bu)(bu)昭(zhao)達。至乎人(ren)倫禮(li)(li)式,陰(yin)陽(yang)律(lv)歷,尤所(suo)留(liu)心。然(ran)高(gao)直沉(chen)默,恥為(wei)(wei)傾(qing)側(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing);不(bu)(bu)與俗和(he),絕于(yu)(yu)趣向(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)。常慕(mu)晏平仲(zhong)、東里(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)人(ren),自(zi)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)博(bo)物不(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)。蘊斯文(wen)(wen)于(yu)(yu)衡泌,延德(de)(de)聲乎州(zhou)(zhou)閭。和(he)平中(zhong)(zhong),舉秀才,答策高(gao)弟,擢補中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)博(bo)士(shi),彌以(yi)方正自(zi)居,雖(sui)才望稱(cheng)(cheng)官(guan)(guan),而(er)(er)乃(nai)歷載不(bu)(bu)遷(qian)(qian),任清務(wu)簡,遂乘閑述作(zuo),注諸(zhu)(zhu)經論。撰《話林》數(shu)卷碑(bei)文(wen)(wen)作(zuo)古寫,莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)玄契圣理,超(chao)異恒(heng)懦(nuo)。又作(zuo)《孔顏誄》、《靈巖頌》及(ji)諸(zhu)(zhu)賦詠詔策,辭清雅(ya)博(bo),皆(jie)行(xing)(xing)於世(shi)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)才望見(jian)陟,遷(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)侍(shi)(shi)郎,又假(jia)員(yuan)外散(san)(san)騎常侍(shi)(shi)。陽(yang)武(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)南(nan)使宋國,宋主(zhu)客(ke)郎孔道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)均就邸(di)設會,酒行(xing)(xing)樂作(zuo),均謂公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰:“樂其(qi)何如(ru)(ru)?”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)答曰:“哀楚有(you)(you)(you)馀,而(er)(er)雅(ya)正不(bu)(bu)足,其(qi)細(xi)已甚矣(yi),而(er)(er)能久(jiu)于(yu)(yu)!”均嘿然(ran)而(er)(er)罷。移年(nian)而(er)(er)蕭氏滅宋。雖(sui)延陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀昔詩(shi),鄭(zheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽(ting)宋樂,其(qi)若神明(ming)矣(yi)。朝廷以(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)使協(xie)皇華,原斯光(guang),遷(qian)(qian)給事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling),總司(si)文(wen)(wen)史(shi),敷(fu)奏惟允,國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)令(ling),是(shi)所(suo)議定。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長子(zi)(zi)(zi)懿、邕雍(yong)容(rong)和(he)令(ling),器望兼資(zi)。早(zao)綜銓衡,能聲徽著。敦詩(shi)悅禮(li)(li),尤精易理。季子(zi)(zi)(zi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao),博(bo)學明(ming),才冠秘穎。研圖(tu)注篆,超(chao)侍(shi)(shi)紫(zi)幄。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)(xing)于(yu)(yu)前,吏部秘書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)隨其(qi)后(hou)(hou),凡(fan)厥庶寮,莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)欽(qin)其(qi)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。于(yu)(yu)時(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)識比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)陳。后(hou)(hou)年(nian)不(bu)(bu)盈(ying)紀(ji),懿給事(shi)(shi)(shi)黃門(men)侍(shi)(shi)郎,太(tai)常卿,使持節(jie)督(du)(du)齊州(zhou)(zhou)諸(zhu)(zhu)軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)(shi),平東將(jiang)軍(jun),齊州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao),秘書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)丞,中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)侍(shi)(shi)郎,司(si)徒(tu)諮議通(tong)直散(san)(san)騎常侍(shi)(shi)國子(zi)(zi)(zi)祭酒,秘書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)監,司(si)州(zhou)(zhou)大中(zhong)(zhong)正,使持節(jie)督(du)(du)光(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)諸(zhu)(zhu)軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)平東將(jiang)軍(jun),光(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)。父官(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)寵,才德(de)(de)相承,海內敬其(qi)榮也(ye)(ye)。先時(shi)(shi)假(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)太(tai)常卿,熒(ying)陽(yang)侯,詣(yi)長安拜燕(yan)(yan)(yan)宣(xuan)王廟。還,解(jie)太(tai)常,其(qi)給事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling),侯如(ru)(ru)故(gu)。縱容(rong)鳳闈,動斯可(ke)(ke)則。冠婚喪祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮(li)(li),書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)疏報問之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)矣(yi),民行(xing)(xing)矣(yi),雖(sui)位未(wei)槐鼎而(er)(er)仁重有(you)(you)(you)馀太(tai)和(he)初除(chu)使持節(jie)安東將(jiang)軍(jun)督(du)(du)兗(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)諸(zhu)(zhu)軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)兗(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)南(nan)陽(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)政寬明(ming)化(hua)先仁惠嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治穆(mu)如(ru)(ru)清風(feng)桑有(you)(you)(you)敬讓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)朝市無鞭(bian)戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑即道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei),不(bu)(bu)專於魯矣(yi)。太(tai)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong),徵秘書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)監。春秋六十有(you)(you)(you)七(qi),寢疾(ji)于(yu)(yu)位。凡(fan)百(bai)(bai)君子(zi)(zi)(zi),莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)悲國秀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永(yong)沉(chen),哀道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長沒。皇上(shang)振悼,痛(tong)百(bai)(bai)常往,遣使,策贈(zeng)(zeng)有(you)(you)(you)加,謚曰文(wen)(wen),祭以(yi)太(tai)牢,以(yi)太(tai)和(he)十七(qi)年(nian)四(si)月廿四(si)日,歸葬乎熒(ying)陽(yang)石(shi)門(men)東南(nan)十三(san)里(li)三(san)皇山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)故(gu)吏主(zhu)簿(bu)東郡吏程天賜等六十人(ren),仰道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)墳(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緬邈(miao),悲鴻烋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)刊,乃(nai)相與欽(qin)述景行(xing)(xing),銘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄石(shi),以(yi)揚非(fei)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)。而(er)(er)作(zuo)頌曰:
爰(yuan)鑒往紀,稽(ji)覽前徽。有賢有圣,靡弗(fu)應時。繇實契姒,旦(dan)亦協姬。于穆鄭公,誕睿應期。伊昔桓武,并(bing)美司徒(tu)。恭惟我君,世(shi)監秘書。三(san)墳剋闡,五典允(yun)敷。文(wen)為辭首,學(xue)實宗儒。德秀時哲(zhe),望(wang)高世(shi)族。灼灼獨明,亭(ting)(ting)亭(ting)(ting)孤邈。式胄三(san)雍,鄒風再燭。作岳河兗,澤(ze)移(yi)草(cao)木慶靈長發,繼葉(xie)傳(chuan)光(guang)。君既(ji)挺發,胤亦含章。文(wen)義襲(xi)軌,朱紱相望(wang)刊石(shi)銘德,與日永揚。
永平(ping)四年,歲在辛卯刊(kan),上(shang)碑在直南卌里天柱山之陽,此下碑也,以石好故于(yu)此刊(kan)之。
《鄭文公(gong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》上、下(xia)兩(liang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)均刻于北(bei)魏宣武帝永平四年(511年)。此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)的碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文上并無書(shu)寫者姓名(ming),清(qing)代學(xue)者包世(shi)臣根據云(yun)峰山其他(ta)鄭道昭(zhao)所書(shu)的刻石字(zi)跡,如《論經詩書(shu)》署(shu)名(ming)“司州滎(ying)陽鄭道昭(zhao)作”,藝術特征與《鄭文公(gong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》極(ji)為(wei)相似,故判斷此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)鄭道昭(zhao)所書(shu)。后世(shi)研究者基本(ben)認(ren)(ren)同此論,但也有人(ren)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文是鄭道昭(zhao)所作,而書(shu)跡則不能肯(ken)定。
鄭道(dao)昭曾上表(biao)孝文帝,求仿漢魏二石經(jing)之例、刻經(jing)立石于太學以正風氣,又兩番上言(yan)崇儒敦學。《鄭文公碑》當(dang)為(wei)鄭道(dao)昭記錄歌(ge)頌(song)其先考鄭羲之功德之作,是(shi)他外放為(wei)官時所作。
鄭(zheng)道昭(?—516年(nian)),字僖伯,河南(nan)(nan)滎陽(今鄭(zheng)州滎陽)人,北朝魏詩人、書法家,魏碑(bei)體(ti)的鼻祖,被(bei)譽為“北方書圣”,在當時(shi)與王羲之(zhi)齊(qi)名,有(you)“北鄭(zheng)南(nan)(nan)王”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。作品有(you)《鄭(zheng)文公碑(bei)》《論經書詩》《觀海童(tong)詩》等(deng)。
《鄭文(wen)公碑》即是(shi)以篆隸筆法寫楷書,而多取于篆,具體到筆法,其有以下幾個明顯特點(dian):
筆勢(shi)外化的“圓形”特(te)征
筆(bi)(bi)勢(shi)的(de)“圓”反映到具(ju)體的(de)點(dian)(dian)畫上,就是(shi)點(dian)(dian)畫所蘊含的(de)曲(qu)勢(shi),古(gu)人謂(wei)之(zhi)為“向(xiang)(xiang)、背(bei)”,在《鄭(zheng)文公下碑》中(zhong)(zhong),這種向(xiang)(xiang)背(bei)的(de)曲(qu)勢(shi)明顯多于其(qi)他諸如《龍門》等方直的(de)刻石。用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)的(de)曲(qu)勢(shi)使(shi)點(dian)(dian)畫有外撐的(de)張力感(gan),古(gu)人則常用(yong)“屈鐵”來比喻這一感(gan)受,借(jie)此比較容(rong)易感(gan)受到《鄭(zheng)文公碑》點(dian)(dian)畫中(zhong)(zhong)“筆(bi)(bi)力”的(de)存(cun)在。
筆斷意連的(de)虛(xu)實變化
《鄭文公碑》的點(dian)畫筆筆獨(du)立(li),筆畫搭接處多空斷,但整宇卻筆勢舒緩,從容中(zhong)見緊密,體現(xian)出(chu)寬(kuan)博方正而(er)又疏(shu)宕蕭散的高(gao)古氣(qi)度。實與鐘繇(zhou)正書一脈相(xiang)承。
用筆沉澀堅實的金石氣(qi)
清人書(shu)評始有“金(jin)石(shi)氣”之謂,其審美特征(zheng)不外蒼(cang)(cang)茫、渾厚、拙樸幾個(ge)方面(mian)。這種新(xin)感受(shou)(shou)是伴隨著(zhu)“尊碑”以及工具材料的新(xin)選(xuan)擇而形(xing)成的。但拓片(pian)中殘破、斑駁、蒼(cang)(cang)茫等直覺(jue)感受(shou)(shou)是最重(zhong)要的啟發因素。《鄭(zheng)文公碑》體現了摩崖(ya)刻石(shi)恢(hui)弘、雄強(qiang)的氣度,金(jin)石(shi)氣貫穿始終,用筆沉澀(se)堅實(shi)是詮(quan)釋這一感受(shou)(shou)的最根(gen)本手段。同(tong)時意(yi)味著(zhu)摒棄輕巧、浮滑、甜熟、軟塌(ta)等弊端。但沉澀(se)堅實(shi)絕非(fei)死板僵硬,一些習碑者屢遭詬病的原因多半屬此。
《鄭文公碑》結體寬博整飭,氣(qi)魄雄偉(wei),骨肉勻適,通篇(pian)透(tou)露著“蕩蕩乎君子、穆穆乎仁人”的(de)大儒風(feng)范。單字(zi)(zi)或以側得(de)妍,或以正取(qu)勢,合(he)篆勢、分韻、草(cao)情于一(yi)體,集端穩、剛勁(jing)、姿媚于一(yi)身,于端莊雄強(qiang)中(zhong)復含秀(xiu)麗(li)疏(shu)朗(lang),穩健渾(hun)(hun)厚中(zhong)蘊蓄奇(qi)肆飛(fei)揚,渾(hun)(hun)渾(hun)(hun)千余言,筆(bi)筆(bi)舒(shu)暢,字(zi)(zi)字(zi)(zi)安適,行行流動。筆(bi)畫的(de)走向在字(zi)(zi)體的(de)形態轉側翻舞中(zhong)輕柔舒(shu)展(zhan),姿態多變又順手拈(nian)來(lai),“若星辰麗(li)天(tian),皆有奇(qi)致(zhi)”。
《鄭文公碑》有隸勢,雖方正寬(kuan)博,但非一(yi)般(ban)意義上的(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)平豎直(zhi),而(er)是或俯、或仰、或欹(yi)、或正。變化(hua)無窮中(zhong),循著一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)法度,將每個字安排的(de)(de)(de)穩健敦實(shi)。并力求在橫(heng)豎等主體筆畫的(de)(de)(de)基礎上,通(tong)過斷筆、省減、提縱等技巧,于雄強、寬(kuan)博、敦實(shi)中(zhong)恰到(dao)好處地展露出字勢的(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)動和(he)空(kong)間布白的(de)(de)(de)疏密(mi)穿(chuan)插,體現出把握(wo)對立統(tong)一(yi)關系的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)超能(neng)力,可謂結(jie)字方面平中(zhong)寓奇的(de)(de)(de)典范。
《鄭文公(gong)碑(bei)》雖(sui)然稱碑(bei),其實(shi)是摩崖(ya)。山中(zhong)巨石經(jing)過簡單的(de)(de)整理(li),便進(jin)行書寫和刻制(zhi),無法像廟堂碑(bei)刻一(yi)(yi)樣容(rong)許(xu)作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)精雕細(xi)琢而(er)纖毫(hao)畢現。這就(jiu)從一(yi)(yi)定(ding)程度上解除(chu)了對(dui)書者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)束縛(fu),進(jin)而(er)促(cu)成(cheng)了書者(zhe)(zhe)成(cheng)竹在胸,懸腕面壁如對(dui)幾案的(de)(de)創作(zuo)豪氣,最終全(quan)碑(bei)洋洋千余言,被作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)隨大小,長短、遠近(jin)信手(shou)掂(dian)出,字字見(jian)神(shen)采,通篇平正中(zhong)見(jian)奇(qi)崛(jue),從容(rong)中(zhong)見(jian)跌宕,神(shen)完而(er)氣足。至于布(bu)白千余字于摩崖(ya)之(zhi)上,能隨石面形勢隨機應變,安排周(zhou)詳妥貼,與山林(lin)互為一(yi)(yi)體(ti)。此亦可大有益于今人書法展覽形式之(zhi)思考與探索。
《鄭文公碑(bei)(bei)》雍容(rong)古(gu)(gu)厚,博(bo)大逸宕。通篇章法氣象更具有(you)恢(hui)宏斑斕、蒼(cang)雄古(gu)(gu)樸、圓融爛(lan)(lan)漫之(zhi)質(zhi),看似(si)隨意刻(ke)寫平淡無奇,但“不(bu)求異(yi)而(er)(er)人自(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)能同之(zhi),不(bu)求工(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)世(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)能過之(zhi)”,天趣(qu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)在,隨意生(sheng)發(fa),人力、天工(gong)(gong)各臻(zhen)神妙。全碑(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)行間字(zi)距(ju)基(ji)本均(jun)整而(er)(er)無一(yi)(yi)處呆板,康有(you)為形容(rong)如依山而(er)(er)筑的(de)(de)(de)阿房宮,雖延(yan)綿數(shu)里(li),樓閣亭臺條理起伏而(er)(er)一(yi)(yi)絲不(bu)亂。在全碑(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)排置上,四周與碑(bei)(bei)緣保持了一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離,形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)種自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)內擫之(zhi)感,與結字(zi)、筆法的(de)(de)(de)外拓之(zhi)勢相沖和,為整碑(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)“質(zhi)實(shi)厚重,宕逸神雋(jun)”奠(dian)定了平穩的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)調。同時,章法的(de)(de)(de)恢(hui)宏、斑斕、蒼(cang)古(gu)(gu)同樣也(ye)離不(bu)開書刻(ke)時的(de)(de)(de)筆致之(zhi)功(gong),鑿鐫造(zao)成(cheng)字(zi)口的(de)(de)(de)破損或點畫的(de)(de)(de)毛糙、自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)分(fen)化形成(cheng)斑爛(lan)(lan)剝濁的(de)(de)(de)紋理,蘊雅勁美的(de)(de)(de)字(zi)形,寬博(bo)宕逸的(de)(de)(de)結體(ti)造(zao)就了《鄭文公碑(bei)(bei)》雄渾開張、蒼(cang)茫凄迷的(de)(de)(de)章法氣勢。
清代學者包世臣(chen):北魏書《經石峪(yu)》大字、《云(yun)峰(feng)山五言》《鄭文公碑》《刁遵墓志》為(wei)一(yi)種,皆(jie)出《乙(yi)瑛》,有云(yun)鶴海鷗之態。
清代(dai)金(jin)石(shi)學家歐陽(yang)輔(fu):筆勢(shi)縱橫而無喬野獰(ning)惡之習,下碑(bei)尤瘦健絕(jue)倫(lun)。
清代金石學(xue)家葉(xie)昌熾(chi):鄭道昭《云峰山上下碑(bei)》及《論經詩》諸刻,上承(cheng)分篆,化北方之喬野,如蓽路藍縷進于文明(ming)。
清(qing)代詩人龔自(zi)珍:二王只合為(wei)奴仆,何(he)況唐(tang)碑八百通?欲與此銘(《瘞(yi)鶴銘》)分浩逸,北朝差許鄭文公。
清代文學家康(kang)有為(wei):為(wei)魏碑圓筆之(zhi)極(ji)軌(gui)。
清代金石文字學家(jia)楊守敬:云峰鄭道昭(zhao)諸碑,遒勁奇佛,與南朝《瘞鶴銘》異曲(qu)同工。
滄(cang)州師范(fan)學院美(mei)術(shu)系主任王玉池:從拓本(ben)看(kan),此碑(bei)用筆確很(hen)渾圓,但看(kan)原(yuan)石,實(shi)方筆居多(duo)。給人(ren)以圓筆感覺是因(yin)為它屬摩崖(ya),石面不平,又字口多(duo)有蝕所(suo)致。
近代書法(fa)家沈尹默:通觀全碑,但覺氣(qi)象淵穆雍(yong)容,骨勢開張洞達,若逐字察之,則(ze)寬和(he)而(er)謹束,平實而(er)峻肆,樸茂(mao)而(er)疏宕,沉雄(xiong)而(er)清麗(li),極(ji)正(zheng)書之能事。
現代書法家鐘致帥:云峰魏碑,承漢隸之(zhi)余韻,啟唐楷之(zhi)先聲(sheng)。不失為一代名作,無愧(kui)于千(qian)古佳品(pin)。
《鄭文(wen)公碑(bei)》最(zui)大的魅力在于集(ji)篆(zhuan)、隸、草(cao)之長于一體,用筆多圓筆篆(zhuan)法,結體趨(qu)于橫扁,左右開張,筆畫則轉多折少,筆斷意連(lian),可謂“極正書(shu)之能事”,因而清代(dai)碑(bei)學興起后被(bei)推為(wei)魏碑(bei)之冠冕(mian)。《鄭文(wen)公碑(bei)》同《瘞鶴銘(ming)》一起被(bei)作為(wei)北(bei)碑(bei)和南碑(bei)的代(dai)表,臨習之人最(zui)多,影(ying)響(xiang)也最(zui)大。
書(shu)(shu)法(fa)在(zai)(zai)由隸(li)變(bian)楷過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),鄭(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭堪(kan)稱一(yi)方(fang)重(zhong)鎮,被譽為(wei)為(wei)“北朝書(shu)(shu)圣”。正像顏真卿、黃庭(ting)堅(jian)等(deng)(deng)人曾經(jing)受《瘞鶴銘(ming)》的(de)影響(xiang)一(yi)樣,《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》也起了同樣的(de)作(zuo)用。清代葉昌熾(chi)《語石(shi)》云(yun):“唐(tang)初歐虞褚薛諸家,皆在(zai)(zai)籠罩之(zhi)內。”《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》對(dui)碑學理論的(de)豐富以及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)國書(shu)(shu)法(fa)的(de)審美產生(sheng)了較為(wei)重(zhong)大影響(xiang)。尤其是康(kang)有為(wei)等(deng)(deng)崇碑的(de)書(shu)(shu)家,不但進行身體力行的(de)書(shu)(shu)寫實踐,并且對(dui)《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》的(de)風(feng)格特點、技(ji)法(fa)演變(bian)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面進行了系統的(de)總結,對(dui)后世影響(xiang)巨大。而且,《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》作(zuo)為(wei)北魏(wei)時期的(de)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)名篇(pian),在(zai)(zai)風(feng)格特點、技(ji)法(fa)手段等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面都表(biao)現出了很高的(de)水平,以至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)日本人直指《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》的(de)書(shu)(shu)者為(wei)北朝王羲之(zhi),康(kang)有為(wei)亦稱此碑為(wei)“圓(yuan)筆之(zhi)極軌(gui)”。同時從得益于(yu)(yu)此碑的(de)書(shu)(shu)家來看,該刻(ke)石(shi)營養豐富,是探究書(shu)(shu)寫規律的(de)重(zhong)要參考(kao)。
《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文公碑(bei)(bei)》并(bing)無(wu)署(shu)名,宋代趙(zhao)明誠《金(jin)石錄(lu)》曾予著錄(lu),后(hou)久無(wu)人知。至清(qing)代中期(qi),在青州境(jing)內(nei)先后(hou)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)鄭(zheng)(zheng)道昭題詩題名凡三十余種,結字大(da)小不一,雄強茂密,包(bao)世臣《藝舟雙楫》斷《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文公碑(bei)(bei)》為同出鄭(zheng)(zheng)道昭書(shu),后(hou)才開始受(shou)到世人關注。《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文公碑(bei)(bei)》因是摩崖(ya)刻石,椎拓(tuo)都很(hen)困難,尤其是上(shang)碑(bei)(bei)比較而言,拓(tuo)摹下(xia)碑(bei)(bei)還(huan)要(yao)容(rong)易一些,所(suo)以在清(qing)乾隆時(shi)期(qi),下(xia)碑(bei)(bei)就已經流傳很(hen)廣了。現(xian)(xian)北(bei)京故宮博物院藏(zang)有明拓(tuo)本(ben)(上(shang)、下(xia)碑(bei)(bei)合(he)裝),北(bei)京圖書(shu)館藏(zang)有清(qing)乾隆嘉靖(jing)間拓(tuo)本(ben)。清(qing)代《潛研堂金(jin)石文跋(ba)尾(wei)》《山(shan)左(zuo)金(jin)石志》《平津館讀(du)碑(bei)(bei)記》《八(ba)瓊室(shi)金(jin)石補正》等書(shu)中均有著錄(lu)。