《鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文公(gong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)《鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,分(fen)為上(shang)、下兩碑(bei)(bei)(bei),故(gu)又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)《鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲上(shang)下碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,上(shang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)全稱(cheng)(cheng)《魏(wei)故(gu)中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)令秘書(shu)(shu)監(jian)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文公(gong)之(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,下碑(bei)(bei)(bei)全稱(cheng)(cheng)《魏(wei)故(gu)中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)令秘書(shu)(shu)監(jian)使持督兗(yan)州諸軍事(shi)安東將軍兗(yan)州刺史南陽文公(gong)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君之(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,傳為北魏(wei)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)家鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭于(yu)永平四年(511年)撰刻(ke)的摩崖刻(ke)石、楷書(shu)(shu)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)作(zuo)品。現上(shang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)山東省平度縣天(tian)柱山,下碑(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)山東省掖縣云峰山之(zhi)東寒洞山。
《鄭(zheng)文(wen)(wen)公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》上碑(bei)(bei)(bei)二十(shi)(shi)行(xing),行(xing)五十(shi)(shi)字,下(xia)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)五十(shi)(shi)一(yi)行(xing),行(xing)二十(shi)(shi)九字。兩(liang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)同(tong),只數處字句稍(shao)異。下(xia)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)有(you)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)額,正書“滎陽鄭(zheng)文(wen)(wen)公之碑(bei)(bei)(bei)”,二行(xing)七字。兩(liang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)皆是記述鄭(zheng)道昭父親(qin)鄭(zheng)羲的生平(ping)事跡,文(wen)(wen)多諛詞且有(you)失實。
《鄭文公(gong)碑(bei)》書(shu)法(fa)飄逸,字態(tai)蘊藉風雅,結體寬博宕逸,氣勢雄(xiong)渾(hun)開張,其筆力矯健,結構新奇,氣勢磅礴,雄(xiong)偉(wei)多(duo)姿。它既有篆隸之(zhi)勢,復具分隸之(zhi)雅,更饒(rao)草書(shu)之(zhi)情理,萃眾長(chang)于(yu)一碑(bei),堪稱佳(jia)構。
釋文:
魏(wei)故中書(shu)(shu)令秘書(shu)(shu)監(jian)鄭(zheng)文公(gong)之碑。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)諱羲,字幼(you)麐,司州滎陽(yang)(yang)開封人(ren)(ren)(ren)也。肇洪源于有周(zhou),胙母(mu)弟(di)以(yi)(yi)命氏(shi)。桓以(yi)(yi)親賢(xian)司徒,武(wu)以(yi)(yi)善(shan)職(zhi)并(bing)歌。《緇衣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,誦乎(hu)(hu)奕世(shi)(shi)。逮鄭君當時(shi),播(bo)節讓(rang)以(yi)(yi)振(zhen)高風(feng);大夫司農,創解詁以(yi)(yi)開經(jing)義(yi)。揚(yang)州淵謀,以(yi)(yi)“十(shi)策(ce)(ce)”匡時(shi);豫州司空,以(yi)(yi)勛德(de)(de)著(zhu)稱。高祖略,恢亮儒素,味道(dao)(dao)居真。趙石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)興,徵(zhi)給(gei)事(shi)黃門侍郎,遷侍中(zhong)、尚書(shu)(shu),贈揚(yang)州刺史(shi)(shi)。曾(ceng)祖豁,以(yi)(yi)明(ming)哲佐世(shi)(shi),后(hou)燕中(zhong)山尹(yin)、太常(chang)卿、濟南貞公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。祖溫,道(dao)(dao)協儲端(duan),燕太子(zi)(zi)(zi)瞻事(shi)。父(fu)(fu)曄(ye),仁(ren)結義(yi)徒,績著(zhu)寧(ning)邊。拜(bai)建威將軍(jun)、汝(ru)陰太守,綿榮修(xiu)載,聯光千(qian)世(shi)(shi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稟三靈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)純(chun)氣(qi),應五百(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒(heng)期。乘和載誕(dan),文明(ming)冠世(shi)(shi)。篤信樂(le)道(dao)(dao),據德(de)(de)依仁(ren)。孝弟(di)端(duan)雅(ya),寡言(yan)愍(min)行(xing)。六籍孔精(jing),百(bai)氏(shi)備究。陰陽(yang)(yang)律(lv)歷(li),尤(you)所(suo)(suo)留心。常(chang)慕(mu)平(ping)仲(zhong)、子(zi)(zi)(zi)產之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)也,蘊斯文于衡(heng)泌,延德(de)(de)聲乎(hu)(hu)州閭。舉(ju)秀(xiu)才(cai),答策(ce)(ce)高第,擢補中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)博(bo)士。任(ren)清(qing)務簡,遂(sui)乘閑述(shu)(shu)作,注(zhu)諸(zhu)經(jing)論,撰《話林》及諸(zhu)文賦詔策(ce)(ce),辭清(qing)雅(ya)博(bo)。遷中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)侍郎,假員外散(san)騎常(chang)侍,南使(shi)宋國(guo),宋主客(ke)郎孔道(dao)(dao)均(jun)就(jiu)邸(di)設會,酒行(xing)樂(le)作,均(jun)謂(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰:“樂(le)其何如?”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)答曰:“哀楚有馀(yu)而雅(ya)正(zheng)(zheng)不足,其細已甚,而能(neng)久乎(hu)(hu)?”均(jun)嘿然而罷,移年而蕭氏(shi)滅宋。雖(sui)延陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)昔詩,鄭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽宋樂(le),其若神(shen)明(ming)矣。朝(chao)廷以(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)協皇(huang)華,原隰斯光,遷給(gei)事(shi)中(zhong)、中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)令(ling)。總司文史(shi)(shi),敷奏(zou)惟允(yun),國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)令(ling),是所(suo)(suo)議(yi)定。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長(chang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)懿,邕容(rong)和令(ling),器望兼資(zi)。早綜銓衡(heng),能(neng)聲徽著(zhu)。敦詩悅禮,尤(you)精(jing)易理。季子(zi)(zi)(zi)道(dao)(dao)昭,博(bo)學經(jing)書(shu)(shu),才(cai)冠秘(mi)(mi)穎。研(yan)注(zhu)圖史(shi)(shi),文侍紫幄。每(mei)在朝(chao)堂,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)于前,吏(li)部(bu)、秘(mi)(mi)書(shu)(shu)隨其后(hou),凡厥(jue)庶(shu)寮,莫不欽其人(ren)(ren)(ren)也。于時(shi)有識,比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三陳。后(hou)年不盈紀,懿:給(gei)事(shi)黃門侍郎、太常(chang)卿、使(shi)持節平(ping)東(dong)將軍(jun)、齊州刺史(shi)(shi);道(dao)(dao)昭:中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)侍郎、國(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)祭酒、通直散(san)騎常(chang)侍、秘(mi)(mi)書(shu)(shu)監、司州大中(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)、使(shi)持節平(ping)東(dong)將軍(jun)、光州刺史(shi)(shi)。父(fu)(fu)官子(zi)(zi)(zi)寵,才(cai)德(de)(de)相(xiang)承,海內敬其榮也。太和初,除公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)持節安東(dong)將軍(jun)、兗州刺史(shi)(shi)、南陽(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。德(de)(de)政寬明(ming),化先仁(ren)惠。不嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治,穆如清(qing)風(feng)。太和中(zhong),徵(zhi)秘(mi)(mi)書(shu)(shu)監。春(chun)秋(qiu)年六十(shi)有七,寢(qin)疾薨乎(hu)(hu)位(wei)。凡百(bai)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)莫不悲國(guo)秀(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永沉,哀道(dao)(dao)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)沒。皇(huang)上(shang)震(zhen)悼,痛百(bai)常(chang)往(wang)。遣使(shi),策(ce)(ce)贈有加,謚曰“文”,祭以(yi)(yi)大牢。葬(zang)乎(hu)(hu)滎陽(yang)(yang)石(shi)門東(dong)南十(shi)三里三皇(huang)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)。于是故吏(li)主簿、東(dong)郡(jun)程天賜(si)等六十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),仰(yang)道(dao)(dao)墳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緬(mian)邈,悲鴻休之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未刊,乃相(xiang)與欽述(shu)(shu)景行(xing),銘(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄(xuan)石(shi),以(yi)(yi)揚(yang)非世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,而作頌曰:
爰鑒(jian)往紀(ji),稽覽前徽,有賢有圣,靡弗(fu)應(ying)時(shi)。繇實契姒,旦亦(yi)協(xie)姬,於穆鄭公,誕應(ying)期。伊昔(xi)桓武(wu),并美司徒;恭(gong)維我君,世監(jian)秘書。三墳克闡,五典允敷,文(wen)為(wei)辭首,學實宗儒。德秀(xiu)時(shi)哲,望高世族。灼灼獨明,亭(ting)亭(ting)孤。式胄(zhou)三雍,鄒風再燭(zhu)。作岳河兗,澤移(yi)草木(mu)。慶靈長發(fa),繼葉傳光。君既挺發(fa),胤亦(yi)含章(zhang)。文(wen)義襲(xi)軌,朱紱(fu)相望。刊石(shi)銘(ming)德,與日永(yong)揚(yang)。
魏永平四年(nian),歲(sui)在辛卯刊。
釋文:
魏故中書令秘(mi)書監使持(chi)節(jie)督兗州諸軍事安東將軍兗州刺史(shi)南陽(yang)文公(gong)鄭君之碑(bei)草。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)諱羲,字幼麟,司(si)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)熒陽(yang)(yang)開封(feng)人(ren)也(ye)。肇洪源于(yu)有(you)(you)周,胙母弟(di)以(yi)(yi)命氏。桓(huan)以(yi)(yi)親賢司(si)徒(tu)(tu),武以(yi)(yi)善職(zhi),并歌緇衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,誦乎奕世(shi),降逮(dai)于(yu)漢,鄭(zheng)君當時,播節讓(rang)以(yi)(yi)振高(gao)風。大夫司(si)農(nong),創解詁以(yi)(yi)開經(jing)義(yi)(yi),跡刊圖史(shi)、美(mei)(mei)灼(zhuo)二(er)書(shu)。德(de)(de)(de)音云翻(fan),碩響長烈。揚州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)(yi)十策匡(kuang)時,司(si)空(kong)豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)(yi)勛德(de)(de)(de)著稱(cheng)(cheng)。高(gao)祖略,恢(hui)亮(liang)儒素,味道(dao)居(ju)真,州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)府招(zhao)辟莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)致(zhi)。值有(you)(you)晉(jin)弗竟,君道(dao)陵夷,聰曜虔劉,避(bi)地(di)冀(ji)方(fang)。隱(yin)括求全,靜居(ju)自(zi)逸。屬石氏勃興,撥亂起正。徵給事(shi)(shi)(shi),黃(huang)門(men)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,遷(qian)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尚書(shu),贈揚州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史(shi)。曾祖豁,以(yi)(yi)明(ming)哲佐(zuo)世(shi)。后(hou)燕中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山尹,太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)(chang)卿,濟南(nan)(nan)貞公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。祖溫,道(dao)協儲端,燕太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)瞻(zhan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。父曄按魏書(shu)本傳當為煜,仁結義(yi)(yi)徒(tu)(tu),績著寜邊(bian),拜建威(wei)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun),汝陰太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)守。綿榮千載,聯光(guang)(guang)百(bai)世(shi)。自(zi)非(fei)積德(de)(de)(de)累仁,慶屆無窮(qiong),其熟能(neng)(neng)傳輝(hui)踵美(mei)(mei),致(zhi)如此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠哉?可謂身沒而(er)名不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽者也(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稟三靈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淑氣,應五百(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒期,乘和(he)載誕,文(wen)明(ming)冠世(shi)。篤信樂道(dao),據德(de)(de)(de)依仁。孝弟(di)端雅(ya)(ya),慎言愍行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。六籍(ji)孔(kong)(kong)精,百(bai)氏備(bei)究。八(ba)素索九丘(qiu),靡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)昭(zhao)(zhao)達。至乎人(ren)倫(lun)禮式(shi),陰陽(yang)(yang)律(lv)歷,尤所(suo)留心。然高(gao)直沉(chen)默,恥為傾側之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)俗和(he),絕(jue)于(yu)趣向(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情。常(chang)(chang)慕晏(yan)平(ping)(ping)仲、東(dong)(dong)里子(zi)(zi)(zi)產之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為人(ren),自(zi)以(yi)(yi)為博(bo)物不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如也(ye)。蘊(yun)斯文(wen)于(yu)衡泌,延德(de)(de)(de)聲乎州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)閭。和(he)平(ping)(ping)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),舉秀(xiu)才(cai)(cai),答(da)策高(gao)弟(di),擢補中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)博(bo)士,彌以(yi)(yi)方(fang)正自(zi)居(ju),雖(sui)才(cai)(cai)望(wang)稱(cheng)(cheng)官,而(er)乃(nai)(nai)歷載不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遷(qian),任清(qing)務簡,遂乘閑(xian)述作,注(zhu)諸(zhu)經(jing)論(lun)。撰《話林》數(shu)卷碑文(wen)作古寫(xie),莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)玄(xuan)契(qi)圣理(li),超(chao)異恒懦。又作《孔(kong)(kong)顏誄》、《靈巖頌》及諸(zhu)賦詠(yong)詔(zhao)策,辭清(qing)雅(ya)(ya)博(bo),皆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)於世(shi)也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)才(cai)(cai)望(wang)見陟,遷(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,又假員外散騎(qi)常(chang)(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)。陽(yang)(yang)武子(zi)(zi)(zi)南(nan)(nan)使(shi)宋(song)(song)國(guo),宋(song)(song)主(zhu)客郎孔(kong)(kong)道(dao)均(jun)就邸設會,酒行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樂作,均(jun)謂公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue):“樂其何如?”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)答(da)曰(yue)(yue):“哀楚有(you)(you)馀,而(er)雅(ya)(ya)正不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足,其細已甚矣(yi)(yi)(yi),而(er)能(neng)(neng)久于(yu)!”均(jun)嘿然而(er)罷(ba)。移年而(er)蕭氏滅宋(song)(song)。雖(sui)延陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀昔詩,鄭(zheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽(ting)宋(song)(song)樂,其若神明(ming)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。朝(chao)廷以(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)協皇華,原斯光(guang)(guang),遷(qian)給事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)令(ling),總司(si)文(wen)史(shi),敷奏(zou)惟允,國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)令(ling),是所(suo)議(yi)定(ding)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長子(zi)(zi)(zi)懿、邕雍容(rong)和(he)令(ling),器(qi)望(wang)兼資。早綜(zong)銓衡,能(neng)(neng)聲徽著。敦詩悅禮,尤精易理(li)。季子(zi)(zi)(zi)道(dao)昭(zhao)(zhao),博(bo)學明(ming),才(cai)(cai)冠秘穎。研(yan)圖注(zhu)篆,超(chao)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)紫(zi)幄。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)于(yu)前,吏部(bu)秘書(shu)隨其后(hou),凡厥(jue)庶寮,莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欽(qin)其人(ren)也(ye)。于(yu)時有(you)(you)識比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三陳。后(hou)年不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盈紀,懿給事(shi)(shi)(shi)黃(huang)門(men)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)(chang)卿,使(shi)持(chi)節督(du)齊州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)事(shi)(shi)(shi),平(ping)(ping)東(dong)(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun),齊州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史(shi)。道(dao)昭(zhao)(zhao),秘書(shu)丞,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,司(si)徒(tu)(tu)諮議(yi)通直散騎(qi)常(chang)(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)祭(ji)酒,秘書(shu)監(jian),司(si)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)大中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正,使(shi)持(chi)節督(du)光(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)東(dong)(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun),光(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史(shi)。父官子(zi)(zi)(zi)寵,才(cai)(cai)德(de)(de)(de)相承,海內敬其榮也(ye)。先時假公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)(chang)卿,熒陽(yang)(yang)侯(hou),詣長安(an)(an)拜燕宣王廟。還,解太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)(chang),其給事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)令(ling),侯(hou)如故。縱容(rong)鳳闈,動斯可則。冠婚喪祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮,書(shu)疏報問之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)(yi),民行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)矣(yi)(yi)(yi),雖(sui)位未(wei)槐鼎(ding)而(er)仁重有(you)(you)馀太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)初除使(shi)持(chi)節安(an)(an)東(dong)(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)督(du)兗州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)兗州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史(shi)南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)(de)政寬明(ming)化先仁惠嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治穆(mu)如清(qing)風桑(sang)有(you)(you)敬讓(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)朝(chao)市無鞭戮(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑即(ji)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)專(zhuan)於魯矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),徵秘書(shu)監(jian)。春(chun)秋六十有(you)(you)七,寢疾(ji)于(yu)位。凡百(bai)君子(zi)(zi)(zi),莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悲國(guo)秀(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永沉(chen),哀道(dao)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長沒。皇上振悼,痛百(bai)常(chang)(chang)往,遣使(shi),策贈有(you)(you)加,謚(shi)曰(yue)(yue)文(wen),祭(ji)以(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)牢,以(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)十七年四(si)(si)月(yue)廿四(si)(si)日(ri),歸葬乎熒陽(yang)(yang)石門(men)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)十三里三皇山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)。于(yu)是故吏主(zhu)簿東(dong)(dong)郡吏程天(tian)賜等六十人(ren),仰道(dao)墳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緬(mian)邈,悲鴻烋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)刊,乃(nai)(nai)相與(yu)欽(qin)述景(jing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),銘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄(xuan)石,以(yi)(yi)揚非(fei)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)。而(er)作頌曰(yue)(yue):
爰鑒往紀,稽覽前(qian)徽。有(you)賢有(you)圣,靡弗應時。繇(zhou)實契姒,旦亦(yi)協姬。于(yu)穆鄭公,誕睿(rui)應期。伊(yi)昔桓武,并美司徒(tu)。恭惟(wei)我君,世(shi)監秘書。三墳剋闡,五(wu)典允敷。文為(wei)辭(ci)首,學實宗儒。德秀時哲,望高世(shi)族。灼(zhuo)(zhuo)灼(zhuo)(zhuo)獨(du)明,亭(ting)亭(ting)孤(gu)邈。式胄三雍,鄒風再燭。作岳河兗,澤移草(cao)木慶靈長發(fa),繼葉傳(chuan)光(guang)。君既(ji)挺發(fa),胤亦(yi)含章。文義襲軌,朱(zhu)紱相望刊(kan)石銘德,與日永揚。
永平(ping)四(si)年,歲(sui)在辛卯刊,上(shang)碑在直(zhi)南卌(xi)里天柱(zhu)山之陽,此下碑也,以石好故(gu)于此刊之。
《鄭(zheng)文(wen)(wen)公碑》上、下兩碑均刻(ke)于北(bei)魏(wei)宣武帝永平四年(nian)(511年(nian))。此(ci)(ci)(ci)碑的(de)碑文(wen)(wen)上并無書寫者姓名(ming),清(qing)代學者包世(shi)臣根據云峰(feng)山其他鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)(zhao)所(suo)書的(de)刻(ke)石字(zi)跡,如《論(lun)經(jing)詩(shi)書》署(shu)名(ming)“司(si)州滎陽鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)(zhao)作(zuo)”,藝術特征與《鄭(zheng)文(wen)(wen)公碑》極為相似,故(gu)判(pan)斷此(ci)(ci)(ci)碑為鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)(zhao)所(suo)書。后世(shi)研究者基本認(ren)同此(ci)(ci)(ci)論(lun),但(dan)也有人認(ren)為此(ci)(ci)(ci)碑碑文(wen)(wen)是(shi)鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)(zhao)所(suo)作(zuo),而(er)書跡則不能(neng)肯定。
鄭(zheng)道(dao)昭曾上(shang)表孝文(wen)帝,求仿(fang)漢(han)魏二石(shi)經(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)例、刻經(jing)立石(shi)于太學(xue)以正(zheng)風氣(qi),又兩番上(shang)言(yan)崇儒(ru)敦學(xue)。《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公碑》當為鄭(zheng)道(dao)昭記錄歌頌其先考鄭(zheng)羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)功德之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo),是他(ta)外(wai)放為官(guan)時所作(zuo)。
鄭道(dao)昭(zhao)(?—516年),字僖伯,河南滎(ying)陽(yang)(今鄭州滎(ying)陽(yang))人,北朝(chao)魏(wei)(wei)詩(shi)人、書法家,魏(wei)(wei)碑體(ti)的鼻祖,被譽(yu)為“北方書圣”,在當時與王羲之齊名,有“北鄭南王”之稱。作品有《鄭文公碑》《論經(jing)書詩(shi)》《觀(guan)海童詩(shi)》等。
《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公碑》即是以篆(zhuan)隸筆法(fa)寫楷書,而(er)多取于篆(zhuan),具體到筆法(fa),其有以下幾(ji)個明(ming)顯特(te)點:
筆勢外(wai)化(hua)的“圓形(xing)”特征
筆(bi)勢的(de)“圓”反映到(dao)具體的(de)點(dian)(dian)畫(hua)(hua)上,就是點(dian)(dian)畫(hua)(hua)所(suo)蘊(yun)含的(de)曲(qu)(qu)勢,古(gu)人謂之為“向、背”,在(zai)《鄭文公下碑》中(zhong),這種(zhong)向背的(de)曲(qu)(qu)勢明(ming)顯多于(yu)其他諸如(ru)《龍(long)門》等方直(zhi)的(de)刻石。用筆(bi)的(de)曲(qu)(qu)勢使點(dian)(dian)畫(hua)(hua)有(you)外撐(cheng)的(de)張(zhang)力(li)感(gan),古(gu)人則(ze)常(chang)用“屈鐵”來比(bi)喻(yu)這一感(gan)受,借此比(bi)較容易感(gan)受到(dao)《鄭文公碑》點(dian)(dian)畫(hua)(hua)中(zhong)“筆(bi)力(li)”的(de)存在(zai)。
筆斷(duan)意(yi)連的虛(xu)實變化
《鄭文公碑》的(de)點(dian)畫筆筆獨(du)立,筆畫搭接處多空斷(duan),但整(zheng)宇卻筆勢舒緩,從(cong)容中(zhong)見緊密,體現出寬博方正而又(you)疏宕(dang)蕭散的(de)高古氣度(du)。實與鐘繇正書一脈相承。
用筆沉澀堅實的金石(shi)氣
清人(ren)書評始(shi)有“金石氣(qi)(qi)”之謂,其審美特(te)征不外蒼(cang)茫、渾厚(hou)、拙樸幾個方面。這(zhe)種(zhong)新感(gan)受是(shi)(shi)伴隨著“尊碑”以及工具材料的新選擇而(er)形(xing)成的。但拓片中(zhong)殘破(po)、斑駁、蒼(cang)茫等直覺感(gan)受是(shi)(shi)最(zui)重要的啟發因素(su)。《鄭文公碑》體現了摩(mo)崖刻石恢弘、雄強的氣(qi)(qi)度,金石氣(qi)(qi)貫穿始(shi)終,用(yong)筆(bi)沉(chen)澀堅實是(shi)(shi)詮釋這(zhe)一(yi)感(gan)受的最(zui)根本手段(duan)。同時意味(wei)著摒棄輕巧(qiao)、浮滑(hua)、甜熟、軟塌等弊端。但沉(chen)澀堅實絕非死板僵硬,一(yi)些習碑者屢遭詬病的原因多半屬此。
《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公碑(bei)》結體寬博(bo)整飭,氣魄(po)雄偉,骨肉(rou)勻適,通(tong)篇透露著“蕩(dang)(dang)蕩(dang)(dang)乎君子、穆(mu)穆(mu)乎仁人”的大儒風范。單字或以側得妍,或以正取勢,合(he)篆(zhuan)勢、分韻、草(cao)情(qing)于一(yi)(yi)體,集端(duan)穩(wen)、剛勁、姿(zi)媚于一(yi)(yi)身(shen),于端(duan)莊(zhuang)雄強中復含(han)秀麗疏(shu)朗,穩(wen)健渾厚中蘊(yun)蓄(xu)奇肆飛揚,渾渾千(qian)余(yu)言(yan),筆筆舒(shu)暢(chang),字字安適,行行流動(dong)。筆畫的走向在字體的形態(tai)轉側翻舞中輕柔舒(shu)展,姿(zi)態(tai)多變(bian)又(you)順(shun)手拈(nian)來(lai),“若星辰(chen)麗天,皆有奇致”。
《鄭文公碑》有(you)隸勢,雖方正(zheng)寬(kuan)博(bo),但非一(yi)般(ban)意義上的橫平豎直,而是或(huo)(huo)(huo)俯、或(huo)(huo)(huo)仰、或(huo)(huo)(huo)欹、或(huo)(huo)(huo)正(zheng)。變化無(wu)窮中,循著(zhu)一(yi)定的法度(du),將每個字安排的穩健敦(dun)實(shi)。并力求在橫豎等(deng)主體(ti)筆畫的基礎上,通過斷(duan)筆、省(sheng)減、提縱等(deng)技(ji)巧,于雄強、寬(kuan)博(bo)、敦(dun)實(shi)中恰到(dao)好(hao)處(chu)地展露出字勢的飛動(dong)和空間布白(bai)的疏(shu)密穿插,體(ti)現出把握對立統一(yi)關系(xi)的高超能力,可謂(wei)結字方面(mian)平中寓奇的典范。
《鄭文公碑》雖然(ran)稱碑,其(qi)實是摩崖。山中巨(ju)石(shi)經過(guo)簡單的整(zheng)理,便(bian)進行書(shu)寫和刻(ke)(ke)制,無法像廟(miao)堂碑刻(ke)(ke)一樣容許作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)精雕(diao)細琢而纖毫畢現。這就(jiu)從一定(ding)程(cheng)度上(shang)解(jie)除了對書(shu)者(zhe)的束縛(fu),進而促成(cheng)了書(shu)者(zhe)成(cheng)竹在胸,懸腕(wan)面壁如對幾(ji)案(an)的創作(zuo)(zuo)豪(hao)氣,最終全(quan)碑洋(yang)洋(yang)千(qian)余言(yan),被作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)隨(sui)大(da)(da)小,長短(duan)、遠近信手掂出(chu),字字見神采(cai),通篇平正中見奇崛(jue),從容中見跌宕(dang),神完而氣足。至于(yu)布白千(qian)余字于(yu)摩崖之上(shang),能(neng)隨(sui)石(shi)面形勢(shi)隨(sui)機(ji)應(ying)變,安排周(zhou)詳(xiang)妥貼(tie),與山林互為一體。此亦(yi)可(ke)大(da)(da)有益于(yu)今人書(shu)法展覽(lan)形式(shi)之思考與探索(suo)。
《鄭文公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》雍容古厚(hou),博(bo)大逸(yi)宕。通篇章法(fa)(fa)氣(qi)象更具有恢宏斑斕、蒼(cang)雄古樸、圓融爛(lan)漫之(zhi)(zhi)質,看似隨(sui)意刻(ke)(ke)寫平淡無(wu)奇,但“不(bu)(bu)求異而(er)人自不(bu)(bu)能同之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)求工而(er)世自不(bu)(bu)能過之(zhi)(zhi)”,天趣自在(zai),隨(sui)意生發,人力、天工各臻神妙。全(quan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)行間字(zi)(zi)距基本均(jun)整而(er)無(wu)一(yi)處呆(dai)板,康有為形容如依山(shan)而(er)筑的(de)阿(a)房宮,雖延綿數里,樓閣亭臺條理起伏而(er)一(yi)絲不(bu)(bu)亂。在(zai)全(quan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)空(kong)白排置上,四周與碑(bei)(bei)(bei)緣保持了一(yi)定(ding)的(de)距離,形成一(yi)種(zhong)自然(ran)的(de)內擫之(zhi)(zhi)感(gan),與結字(zi)(zi)、筆法(fa)(fa)的(de)外拓之(zhi)(zhi)勢相沖和,為整碑(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)“質實(shi)厚(hou)重,宕逸(yi)神雋”奠定(ding)了平穩的(de)基調。同時(shi),章法(fa)(fa)的(de)恢宏、斑斕、蒼(cang)古同樣也離不(bu)(bu)開書刻(ke)(ke)時(shi)的(de)筆致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)功,鑿鐫造成字(zi)(zi)口的(de)破(po)損(sun)或點畫(hua)的(de)毛糙、自然(ran)分化形成斑爛(lan)剝濁的(de)紋理,蘊雅勁美(mei)的(de)字(zi)(zi)形,寬博(bo)宕逸(yi)的(de)結體造就了《鄭文公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》雄渾開張、蒼(cang)茫凄迷的(de)章法(fa)(fa)氣(qi)勢。
清代學者包世臣:北魏書《經石峪》大(da)字(zi)、《云(yun)峰山五言》《鄭(zheng)文公碑》《刁遵墓志》為(wei)一(yi)種,皆出《乙瑛》,有云(yun)鶴海(hai)鷗之態。
清代金石學(xue)家歐陽輔:筆勢縱(zong)橫(heng)而無喬野獰惡之習,下碑尤瘦(shou)健(jian)絕倫(lun)。
清代金石學家葉昌熾:鄭道(dao)昭《云(yun)峰山上下碑》及《論經詩》諸刻,上承分(fen)篆,化北方之(zhi)喬(qiao)野,如蓽路(lu)藍縷進于文明(ming)。
清代詩人龔自(zi)珍:二王只合(he)為奴仆,何況唐碑八百通?欲與(yu)此銘(《瘞(yi)鶴(he)銘》)分浩逸,北朝差許鄭文公(gong)。
清(qing)代文學家康有(you)為:為魏碑圓筆之極軌。
清代金石文字學家(jia)楊(yang)守(shou)敬:云峰鄭(zheng)道昭諸(zhu)碑,遒勁奇佛,與南朝《瘞(yi)鶴銘》異曲同工。
滄(cang)州師范(fan)學院(yuan)美術系主任王玉池:從(cong)拓本(ben)看,此碑用筆(bi)確很渾圓,但看原石(shi),實(shi)方筆(bi)居多。給人以圓筆(bi)感覺是因為(wei)它(ta)屬(shu)摩崖,石(shi)面不平(ping),又字口多有蝕所致。
近代書法家(jia)沈尹(yin)默:通觀(guan)全碑,但覺氣(qi)象淵穆雍(yong)容,骨勢開張洞達,若逐字察(cha)之,則寬和(he)而(er)(er)謹束,平(ping)實而(er)(er)峻(jun)肆,樸茂而(er)(er)疏宕,沉(chen)雄而(er)(er)清麗,極正書之能事。
現代書法家(jia)鐘(zhong)致帥:云峰魏碑,承漢隸之(zhi)余韻,啟唐楷之(zhi)先聲。不失為一代名作,無(wu)愧于(yu)千古(gu)佳品。
《鄭文(wen)公碑(bei)》最(zui)大的魅力(li)在于(yu)集篆、隸、草之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長于(yu)一體(ti),用(yong)筆多圓筆篆法(fa),結體(ti)趨于(yu)橫(heng)扁,左右(you)開(kai)張,筆畫則轉多折(zhe)少,筆斷(duan)意連,可謂“極正書之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能事”,因而清代碑(bei)學興起(qi)后(hou)被推為魏碑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠冕(mian)。《鄭文(wen)公碑(bei)》同《瘞(yi)鶴銘》一起(qi)被作為北碑(bei)和(he)南碑(bei)的代表,臨習之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人最(zui)多,影響也最(zui)大。
書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)在由隸變楷(kai)過程(cheng)中,鄭道昭堪稱一(yi)方重(zhong)鎮,被譽(yu)為(wei)為(wei)“北(bei)(bei)朝書(shu)(shu)(shu)圣”。正像顏(yan)真卿、黃(huang)庭(ting)堅等(deng)人曾經受(shou)《瘞(yi)鶴(he)銘》的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)樣(yang),《鄭文(wen)公碑》也起了(le)(le)同樣(yang)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。清代葉昌熾《語(yu)石》云:“唐初(chu)歐虞褚薛諸家(jia)(jia),皆在籠(long)罩之內。”《鄭文(wen)公碑》對碑學理論的(de)(de)豐富(fu)以及中國書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)的(de)(de)審美產(chan)生了(le)(le)較為(wei)重(zhong)大影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。尤其是康(kang)有為(wei)等(deng)崇碑的(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)家(jia)(jia),不但進行(xing)身體力(li)行(xing)的(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫(xie)實(shi)踐,并且(qie)對《鄭文(wen)公碑》的(de)(de)風格(ge)(ge)特點(dian)(dian)、技法(fa)演變等(deng)方面進行(xing)了(le)(le)系統的(de)(de)總結,對后世影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)巨大。而且(qie),《鄭文(wen)公碑》作(zuo)為(wei)北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)時期的(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)名篇,在風格(ge)(ge)特點(dian)(dian)、技法(fa)手段等(deng)方面都表現出了(le)(le)很高(gao)的(de)(de)水(shui)平,以至于日本人直指《鄭文(wen)公碑》的(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)者為(wei)北(bei)(bei)朝王羲之,康(kang)有為(wei)亦(yi)稱此碑為(wei)“圓筆之極軌”。同時從得益于此碑的(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)家(jia)(jia)來看,該刻石營養(yang)豐富(fu),是探究(jiu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫(xie)規(gui)律的(de)(de)重(zhong)要參考。
《鄭文(wen)公碑》并無署名,宋代趙明誠《金(jin)(jin)石(shi)(shi)錄(lu)》曾(ceng)予著錄(lu),后久(jiu)無人知(zhi)。至清代中(zhong)期(qi),在青(qing)州境內先后發現鄭道(dao)昭題(ti)詩題(ti)名凡三十余(yu)種,結字(zi)大小(xiao)不一(yi)(yi),雄強(qiang)茂密(mi),包(bao)世(shi)臣《藝舟雙楫(ji)》斷《鄭文(wen)公碑》為同出鄭道(dao)昭書,后才開始受到世(shi)人關注。《鄭文(wen)公碑》因是(shi)(shi)摩崖刻石(shi)(shi),椎拓(tuo)(tuo)都很(hen)困難,尤其是(shi)(shi)上碑比較而言,拓(tuo)(tuo)摹下碑還要(yao)容易一(yi)(yi)些,所(suo)以在清乾(qian)隆時(shi)期(qi),下碑就已(yi)經流傳很(hen)廣了。現北(bei)京故宮博物(wu)院藏有(you)明拓(tuo)(tuo)本(上、下碑合裝),北(bei)京圖書館(guan)藏有(you)清乾(qian)隆嘉靖間拓(tuo)(tuo)本。清代《潛(qian)研堂金(jin)(jin)石(shi)(shi)文(wen)跋尾》《山左金(jin)(jin)石(shi)(shi)志》《平津館(guan)讀碑記》《八瓊室金(jin)(jin)石(shi)(shi)補(bu)正》等書中(zhong)均有(you)著錄(lu)。