《爭(zheng)(zheng)座(zuo)位帖(tie)》,又名(ming)《論座(zuo)帖(tie)》《爭(zheng)(zheng)座(zuo)位稿》《與郭(guo)仆(pu)射書(shu)(shu)》,為(wei)唐廣(guang)德二年(764年)十(shi)一月顏(yan)真卿致尚書(shu)(shu)右仆(pu)射、定襄郡王(wang)郭(guo)英(ying)乂的信函,是顏(yan)真卿行草書(shu)(shu)法(fa)的代(dai)表作,原跡已佚,刻石存(cun)西安碑林(lin)。
《爭座位帖》原稿(gao)用唐畿縣(xian)獄狀磓熟(shu)紙寫(xie)就,共(gong)七(qi)頁(ye),禿筆書(shu),有(you)夾行(xing)小(xiao)注和勾改痕(hen)跡,短(duan)行(xing)不(bu)計共(gong)六(liu)(liu)十八行(xing),全文(wen)(wen)計一千一百九十三字。顏真(zhen)卿在信中(zhong)直指郭(guo)英乂于安福(fu)寺興道會上(shang)藐(miao)視禮儀,諂(chan)媚(mei)宦(huan)官魚朝恩,致(zhi)其禮遇高(gao)于六(liu)(liu)部尚書(shu)之(zhi)事,字里行(xing)間洋溢著忠義之(zhi)氣。該帖隨(sui)意自(zi)如,揮灑有(you)度,為歷代書(shu)家(jia)所重,與王羲之(zhi)的《蘭亭集序》并稱(cheng)行(xing)書(shu)“雙璧”,又與《祭(ji)侄文(wen)(wen)稿(gao)》《告(gao)伯父(fu)文(wen)(wen)稿(gao)》并稱(cheng)為“顏氏三稿(gao)”。
十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月日,金紫光祿大夫檢校(xiao)邢部尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上柱(zhu)國(guo)魯(lu)郡開國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)顏真卿,謹奉(feng)寓書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)右仆(pu)(pu)射定襄郡王郭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)閣下,蓋太上有(you)(you)(you)(you)立德,其次(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)立功(gong),是(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽。抑又(you)(you)(you)聞(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),端揆者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),百(bai)寮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師(shi)長。諸侯(hou)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)(ren)(ren)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極地(di),今仆(pu)(pu)射挺不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)業,當(dang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)臣(chen)極地(di)。豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)才為(wei)(wei)(wei)世出(chu),功(gong)冠一(yi)(yi)時(shi)。挫思明跋扈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師(shi),抗回紇無厭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)請(qing),故(gu)得身畫淩煙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閣,名藏太室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廷(ting)(ting),吁(yu)足畏也。然(ran)美(mei)則美(mei)矣,然(ran)而(er)終之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)難(nan)。故(gu)曰(yue):滿而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)溢,所以(yi)長守富也。高而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)危,所以(yi)長守貴(gui)也。可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)儆(jing)懼乎?書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)曰(yue):爾(er)唯(wei)弗矜(jin),天(tian)(tian)(tian)下莫(mo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)汝爭(zheng)功(gong)。爾(er)唯(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伐(fa),天(tian)(tian)(tian)下莫(mo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)汝爭(zheng)能(neng)(neng)。以(yi)齊桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛業,片(pian)言(yan)(yan)勤王,則九合諸侯(hou),一(yi)(yi)匡天(tian)(tian)(tian)下。葵丘(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會,微有(you)(you)(you)(you)振矜(jin),而(er)叛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九國(guo)。故(gu)曰(yue):行百(bai)里(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半九十(shi)里(li)(li),言(yan)(yan)晚節未(wei)(wei)路之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難(nan)也。從古(gu)至今,自(zi)(zi)(zi)我高祖太宗(zong)已來,未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)行此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理(li)(li),廢此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。前者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)菩(pu)提寺行香,仆(pu)(pu)射指(zhi)麾(hui)宰(zai)相與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)兩省(sheng)三(san)(san)(san)(san)省(sheng)已下常(chang)(chang)參官(guan)并為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)行坐,魚(yu)開府及(ji)仆(pu)(pu)射率諸軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)行坐,若(ruo)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)從權,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)猶未(wei)(wei)可(ke)。何(he)(he)(he)況(kuang)(kuang)積習更行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?一(yi)(yi)昨以(yi)郭令(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)父(fu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)(jun),破(po)犬羊兇逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾,眾情欣喜,恨(hen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)頂(ding)而(er)戴(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)興道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會,仆(pu)(pu)射又(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悟前失。徑率意而(er)指(zhi)麾(hui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧班(ban)秩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高下,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)論文(wen)武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)右,茍(gou)以(yi)取悅(yue)軍(jun)(jun)容為(wei)(wei)(wei)心。曾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧百(bai)寮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側目(mu),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)何(he)(he)(he)異清畫攫金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士哉(zai)(zai)?甚(shen)非謂也。君子(zi)愛人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)禮(li)(li),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)竊見聞(wen)(wen)姑息。仆(pu)(pu)射得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深(shen)(shen)念之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?真卿偶聞(wen)(wen)軍(jun)(jun)容之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren),清修梵(fan)行,深(shen)(shen)入佛海(hai),況(kuang)(kuang)乎收東京(jing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)殄城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業,守陜城(cheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)戴(dai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),朝(chao)野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),所共景仰,豈獨有(you)(you)(you)(you)分於(wu)(wu)仆(pu)(pu)射哉(zai)(zai)。加(jia)以(yi)利衰(shuai)涂割,恬然(ran)於(wu)(wu)心。固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)一(yi)(yi)毀(hui)加(jia)怒(nu),一(yi)(yi)敬加(jia)喜。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)何(he)(he)(he)半席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)咫尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)能(neng)(neng)泊其志哉(zai)(zai)。且(qie)鄉(xiang)里(li)(li)上齒,宗(zong)廟上爵,朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)上位(wei),皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)等威,以(yi)明長幼。故(gu)得彝倫敘而(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下和平也。且(qie)上自(zi)(zi)(zi)宰(zai)相御(yu)史大夫兩省(sheng)五品(pin)(pin)以(yi)上供(gong)奉(feng)官(guan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)行,十(shi)二衛大將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)師(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)令(ling)(ling)(ling)仆(pu)(pu)射少師(shi)保(bao)傅(fu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)左(zuo)右侍郎自(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)行,九鄉(xiang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)監(jian)對之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),從古(gu)以(yi)然(ran),未(wei)(wei)嘗(chang)(chang)參錯,至如(ru)節度(du)軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang),各有(you)(you)(you)(you)本班(ban)卿監(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)。將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)位(wei),縱是(shi)開府特進(jin),并是(shi)勛官(guan),用(yong)蔭即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)高卑(bei)(bei)(bei),會燕合依倫敘,豈可(ke)裂(lie)冠毀(hui)冕,反易彜倫,貴(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)所凌,尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)賤所逼,一(yi)(yi)至於(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),振古(gu)未(wei)(wei)聞(wen)(wen)。如(ru)魚(yu)軍(jun)(jun)容階雖(sui)開府,官(guan)即(ji)監(jian)門(men)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun),朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)列位(wei),自(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)次(ci)敘,但以(yi)功(gong)績既(ji)高,恩(en)澤莫(mo)二,出(chu)入王命(ming),眾人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)令(ling)(ling)(ling)居(ju)本位(wei),須別(bie)(bie)(bie)示有(you)(you)(you)(you)尊崇(chong),只可(ke)于宰(zai)相師(shi)保(bao)座(zuo)南,橫安一(yi)(yi)位(wei),如(ru)御(yu)史臺眾尊知難(nan)事(shi)御(yu)史,別(bie)(bie)(bie)置一(yi)(yi)榻,使百(bai)寮共得瞻仰,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)可(ke)乎?圣皇時(shi),開府高力士承恩(en)傅(fu)宣(xuan),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)只如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)橫座(zuo),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞(wen)(wen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)禮(li)(li)數。亦(yi)(yi)(yi)何(he)(he)(he)必令(ling)(ling)(ling)他失位(wei),如(ru)李輔國(guo)倚(yi)承恩(en)澤,徑居(ju)左(zuo)右仆(pu)(pu)射及(ji)三(san)(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上。令(ling)(ling)(ling)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下疑怪(guai)乎?古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)云:益(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)(san)(san)友,損者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)(san)(san)友,愿仆(pu)(pu)射與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)軍(jun)(jun)容為(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)諒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿仆(pu)(pu)射為(wei)(wei)(wei)軍(jun)(jun)容佞(ning)柔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友。又(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)昨裴仆(pu)(pu)射誤欲(yu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)左(zuo)右承勾嘗(chang)(chang)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),嘗(chang)(chang)時(shi)輒(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)(you)訓對。仆(pu)(pu)射恃貴(gui),張目(mu)見尤,介眾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)顯過(guo)。今者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會,還爾(er)遂非,再(zai)謁八(ba)座(zuo)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),欲(yu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)便(bian)向下座(zuo)。州縣軍(jun)(jun)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮(li)(li),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)恐未(wei)(wei)然(ran)。朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應若(ruo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。今既(ji)若(ruo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),仆(pu)(pu)射意只應以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)仆(pu)(pu)射。若(ruo)州佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)縣令(ling)(ling)(ling)乎?若(ruo)以(yi)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)同(tong)于縣令(ling)(ling)(ling),則仆(pu)(pu)射見尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)(ling)(ling),得如(ru)上佐事(shi)刺(ci)史乎?益(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)矣。今既(ji)三(san)(san)(san)(san)廳齊列,足明不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)刺(ci)史且(qie)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)仆(pu)(pu)射,同(tong)是(shi)二品(pin)(pin),只校(xiao)上下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階,六朝(chao)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)并正(zheng)三(san)(san)(san)(san)品(pin)(pin),又(you)(you)(you)非隔(ge)品(pin)(pin)致敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)仆(pu)(pu)射禮(li)(li)數未(wei)(wei)敢(gan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)失。仆(pu)(pu)射之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顧尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),何(he)(he)(he)乃欲(yu)同(tong)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)吏?又(you)(you)(you)據宋(song)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)官(guan)志,八(ba)座(zuo)同(tong)是(shi)第三(san)(san)(san)(san)品(pin)(pin),隋及(ji)國(guo)家始(shi)升,別(bie)(bie)(bie)作二品(pin)(pin)。高自(zi)(zi)(zi)標致,誠則尊崇(chong),向下擠排,無乃傷甚(shen)況(kuang)(kuang)再(zai)於(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堂,猲咄常(chang)(chang)伯,當(dang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)令(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)初到,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)紛(fen)披(pi),黽(min)勉就命(ming),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)非理(li)(li)屈(qu)。朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)紀(ji)綱,須共存立,遇爾(er)隳壞(huai),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)恐及(ji)身。明天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)忽震電含怒(nu),責轂彜倫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),則仆(pu)(pu)射其將(jiang)(jiang)何(he)(he)(he)辭以(yi)對。
《爭座位帖(tie)》是(shi)顏真(zhen)卿寫(xie)給郭(guo)英(ying)乂(yi)(yi)的(de)一封書(shu)信的(de)草稿(gao)。事情(qing)的(de)起因是(shi)唐朝(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)中(zhong)興(xing)名(ming)將郭(guo)子儀凱旋還朝(chao)(chao)(chao),代(dai)宗命文武(wu)百官于(yu)(yu)長安(an)城舉行(xing)歡(huan)迎儀式。負責(ze)安(an)排百官排列(lie)次(ci)序(xu)的(de)郭(guo)英(ying)乂(yi)(yi)為取悅于(yu)(yu)大(da)宦(huan)官魚朝(chao)(chao)(chao)恩,不顧(gu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷規制,刻意(yi)將魚朝(chao)(chao)(chao)恩的(de)座位排在品階比他高(gao)的(de)幾(ji)位尚(shang)書(shu)之(zhi)前。對于(yu)(yu)這樣露(lu)骨的(de)獻媚(mei)之(zhi)舉,一向以正色立朝(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)顏真(zhen)卿憤然致書(shu)郭(guo)英(ying)乂(yi)(yi),對其所作所為進行(xing)嚴詞(ci)斥責(ze)。
顏真卿(709年(nian)—784年(nian)),字清臣,京兆萬(wan)年(nian)(今陜西西安)人,祖籍瑯玡臨沂(yi)(今山東臨沂(yi)),唐朝名臣、書(shu)法(fa)家。顏真卿擅長行(xing)、楷,初(chu)學褚遂良,后師從張旭,得其筆法(fa),其正(zheng)楷端莊(zhuang)雄偉,行(xing)書(shu)氣勢遒(qiu)勁,創(chuang)“顏體(ti)”楷書(shu),對后世影響很大,與(yu)趙孟頫、柳公權、歐陽詢并稱(cheng)為(wei)“楷書(shu)四大家”,又與(yu)柳公權并稱(cheng)“顏柳”,被稱(cheng)為(wei)“顏筋柳骨”。
《爭座(zuo)位帖》不(bu)少(shao)筆(bi)意(yi)是從顏書楷(kai)體(ti)演化(hua)而(er)來(lai)(lai),寫(xie)(xie)得更(geng)為疾速,更(geng)為放逸,書風跌(die)宕浪漫,全以(yi)中(zhong)鋒用筆(bi),氣(qi)足(zu)意(yi)滿(man),殺紙之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)溢于紙外,似乎天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)間貫穿(chuan)著股豪邁的(de)正(zheng)義力量,無堅不(bu)摧。雖是信手寫(xie)(xie)來(lai)(lai),但筆(bi)筆(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)氣(qi)韻飽滿(man),靜動(dong)有(you)(you)態,大(da)小參差。以(yi)直筆(bi)為主,渾厚藏拙,質樸蒼(cang)勁,奇偉秀拔(ba)(ba),筆(bi)勢縱橫,筆(bi)力矯健(jian),筆(bi)鋒雄勁爽利。《爭座(zuo)位帖》筆(bi)法中(zhong)的(de)圓勁,是篆籀(zhou)的(de)生化(hua),在圓潤之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)更(geng)有(you)(you)勁節,飛動(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)更(geng)帶韌性,融北朝(chao)的(de)雄渾遒(qiu)逸和中(zhong)唐的(de)肥(fei)勁寬博于一爐,勁立(li)拔(ba)(ba)豪宕,姿態飛動(dong)。
《爭座位帖》以行書為體,草書輔(fu)之(zhi)。結字是正書中快寫(xie)(xie)縱逸,以筆勢的(de)(de)婉健流(liu)動為契機來發行、草之(zhi)變,既富“飛動詭形異狀”之(zhi)態,又不失有(you)凝(ning)重勁拔的(de)(de)神韻。它與《祭侄稿》一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣沒有(you)刻(ke)意做作的(de)(de)成分,是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)在自然(ran)的(de)(de)傾訴式(shi)的(de)(de)書寫(xie)(xie)中達到了書寫(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)極則,將本我(wo)的(de)(de)真、藝術(shu)內質的(de)(de)美、空間的(de)(de)騰(teng)挪起伏表(biao)現融為一(yi)(yi)(yi)體。
從章法上看,《爭座位帖》通篇構成了自然(ran)疊嶂、雄逸茂暢、舒和爛漫的(de)(de)心(xin)靈圖(tu)畫,一(yi)派天機之(zhi)中,凜冽正義的(de)(de)精(jing)神凸出。使人從中可以(yi)體味出顏真卿剛強耿直、樸素敦厚的(de)(de)性格。因為寫的(de)(de)是書(shu)信,是草稿書(shu),所以(yi)信手寫來,故而前松后緊,行疏字密,大(da)小粗細相間(jian),加(jia)上圈誤補遺,多處修改,無有任何安(an)排之(zhi)意(yi),顯得自然(ran)優雅,任意(yi)奔放。
北宋書法家蘇軾《東(dong)坡題(ti)跋(ba)·題(ti)魯公(gong)書草》:“比公(gong)他(ta)書尤為奇特,信乎(hu)自然(ran),動有姿態(tai)。”
北(bei)宋書法(fa)家米芾《寶章待訪錄(lu)》:“禿筆,字(zi)字(zi)意相(xiang)連屬,飛動(dong)詭(gui)形異(yi)狀,得于(yu)意外也。世之顏行第一書也。”
清代書(shu)法(fa)家王(wang)澍《虛舟題(ti)跋》:“三稿(gao)(gao)皆公奇絕(jue)之作(zuo),《祭侄》奇古(gu)蒙宕(dang),《告(gao)伯父》淵潤從容,至(zhi)《論座(zuo)》則兼有《祭侄》《告(gao)伯》兩(liang)稿(gao)(gao)之奇,情結不(bu)同,書(shu)隨之異,所以(yi)直入神品,足為《蘭亭》后勁也”。
清代學者(zhe)阮元(yuan)《顏魯公爭座位(wei)帖跋》:“《爭座位(wei)帖》如(ru)熔(rong)金出冶(ye),隨(sui)地流(liu)走,元(yuan)氣(qi)渾然,不復以(yi)姿媚為念(nian)。夫(fu)不復以(yi)姿媚為念(nian)者(zhe),其品乃(nai)高,所以(yi)此帖為行書之極致。”
清代書法家何(he)紹(shao)基:“此帖筆法之佳,當在《蘭亭》之上。”
清末民(min)初學(xue)者楊守敬《學(xue)書邇言》:“行書自右軍后,以魯公(gong)此帖為創格,絕去(qu)姿媚,獨標古勁。”
《爭座位(wei)帖》稿本(ben)(ben)(ben)墨跡(ji)北宋(song)時藏于長安(an)安(an)師文處,安(an)氏據以(yi)摹(mo)勒刻石,后安(an)家(jia)兄弟(di)分(fen)家(jia),將真跡(ji)一剖為二(er),其(qi)后又輾(zhan)轉(zhuan)進入內府,自(zi)此再無下(xia)落(luo),不知所終。惟其(qi)刻石今尚存西(xi)安(an)碑林,世稱(cheng)“關中本(ben)(ben)(ben)”、“陜刻本(ben)(ben)(ben)”。好事者因以(yi)該(gai)本(ben)(ben)(ben)為底本(ben)(ben)(ben)反復(fu)翻刻,翻本(ben)(ben)(ben)眾(zhong)多,良莠不齊,以(yi)宋(song)拓為最珍。
宋(song)拓(tuo)之中,據王壯(zhuang)弘(hong)《崇善(shan)樓(lou)筆記》載,以(yi)晚清四大藏(zang)書樓(lou)之鐵琴銅劍樓(lou)藏(zang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)拓(tuo)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)第一(yi),惜今已不知尚存人間否。而(er)存世之宋(song)拓(tuo),以(yi)吳榮光、潘(pan)仕成、梁啟(qi)超(chao)遞藏(zang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)拓(tuo)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)第一(yi)。翁方(fang)綱題跋(ba)定為(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song),民國七年有正書局亦作(zuo)為(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)拓(tuo)本(ben)(ben)影印出版,鄭孝胥有跋(ba),復為(wei)梁啟(qi)超(chao)重(zhong)金購藏(zang),今入國家圖書館善(shan)本(ben)(ben)特藏(zang)部,為(wei)當今學(xue)術(shu)界(jie)公認之北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)拓(tuo)本(ben)(ben)。
此外(wai),還有何紹基題跋宋(song)(song)拓本,今在上海圖書館,為國家一級文物。其次,則有啟功題跋、妙鑒齋藏(zang)南宋(song)(song)拓本。