《爭座位帖(tie)》,又名(ming)《論(lun)座帖(tie)》《爭座位稿(gao)》《與郭(guo)仆(pu)射書》,為(wei)唐廣德二年(nian)(764年(nian))十一月顏(yan)真(zhen)卿致尚(shang)書右仆(pu)射、定襄郡王郭(guo)英乂(yi)的(de)信函,是顏(yan)真(zhen)卿行草(cao)書法的(de)代(dai)表作,原跡已佚(yi),刻石存西(xi)安碑林。
《爭(zheng)座(zuo)位(wei)帖》原(yuan)稿(gao)用唐(tang)畿(ji)縣獄狀磓熟(shu)紙寫就,共七頁,禿筆(bi)書,有夾行(xing)(xing)小(xiao)注和(he)勾改痕跡(ji),短行(xing)(xing)不計共六十(shi)八行(xing)(xing),全文計一千一百九十(shi)三字(zi)。顏真卿(qing)在信中(zhong)直指(zhi)郭英(ying)乂于安福寺興(xing)道會上藐視禮儀,諂媚宦官魚朝恩,致其禮遇(yu)高于六部(bu)尚書之(zhi)事,字(zi)里行(xing)(xing)間洋溢著忠義之(zhi)氣。該帖隨意自如,揮灑有度,為歷代書家所重,與王羲之(zhi)的《蘭亭集(ji)序》并稱行(xing)(xing)書“雙璧(bi)”,又與《祭侄(zhi)文稿(gao)》《告伯父(fu)文稿(gao)》并稱為“顏氏(shi)三稿(gao)”。
十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月日,金紫光(guang)祿(lu)大夫檢校(xiao)邢部(bu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)上(shang)(shang)柱國(guo)(guo)(guo)魯(lu)郡開國(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)顏真卿,謹奉寓書(shu)於(wu)(wu)右仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)定(ding)襄郡王郭公(gong)(gong)(gong)閣下,蓋太上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)立(li)(li)(li)德,其(qi)(qi)次(ci)有(you)(you)(you)立(li)(li)(li)功(gong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽(xiu)。抑又(you)聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),端揆者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),百(bai)(bai)寮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師長(chang)。諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極地(di),今(jin)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)挺不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)業,當(dang)人(ren)臣極地(di)。豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以才(cai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)世出,功(gong)冠一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時。挫(cuo)思明(ming)(ming)跋扈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師,抗回紇無厭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)請,故得(de)(de)身畫(hua)淩煙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閣,名藏太室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廷(ting),吁足(zu)(zu)畏(wei)也(ye)(ye)。然(ran)美則美矣,然(ran)而(er)終之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始難。故曰(yue):滿而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)溢,所(suo)(suo)(suo)以長(chang)守富也(ye)(ye)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)危(wei),所(suo)(suo)(suo)以長(chang)守貴也(ye)(ye)。可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)儆(jing)懼乎(hu)(hu)?書(shu)曰(yue):爾(er)唯(wei)(wei)弗矜(jin),天下莫與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)汝爭功(gong)。爾(er)唯(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伐,天下莫與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)汝爭能。以齊桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛業,片言勤王,則九(jiu)合諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)匡天下。葵丘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui),微有(you)(you)(you)振矜(jin),而(er)叛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。故曰(yue):行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)百(bai)(bai)里(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)九(jiu)十(shi)里(li),言晚節未路之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難也(ye)(ye)。從古至今(jin),自(zi)(zi)(zi)我高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖太宗(zong)已(yi)來,未有(you)(you)(you)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)此而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理(li),廢此而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。前(qian)(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)菩提寺(si)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)香,仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)指(zhi)麾宰相與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)兩省三(san)(san)省已(yi)下常參官(guan)(guan)并(bing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)坐(zuo),魚開府及(ji)(ji)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)率諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)坐(zuo),若(ruo)(ruo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時從權,亦猶未可。何(he)(he)況積(ji)習更(geng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)(hu)?一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昨以郭令(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)父子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),破犬羊兇逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong),眾(zhong)情欣喜,恨(hen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)頂而(er)戴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)興道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui),仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悟(wu)前(qian)(qian)失。徑(jing)率意而(er)指(zhi)麾,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧班秩(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)下,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)論文武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)右,茍(gou)以取悅軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)心。曾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧百(bai)(bai)寮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側目(mu),亦何(he)(he)異清畫(hua)攫金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士哉?甚(shen)非(fei)謂也(ye)(ye)。君(jun)子愛人(ren)以禮(li),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)竊(qie)見(jian)聞(wen)姑息(xi)。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深念之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)(hu)?真卿偶(ou)聞(wen)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren),清修梵(fan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),深入(ru)佛海(hai),況乎(hu)(hu)收東京(jing)有(you)(you)(you)殄城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業,守陜城有(you)(you)(you)戴天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)野(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),所(suo)(suo)(suo)共景仰(yang)(yang),豈獨有(you)(you)(you)分於(wu)(wu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)哉。加以利衰(shuai)涂割,恬然(ran)於(wu)(wu)心。固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)毀加怒,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敬加喜。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)何(he)(he)半(ban)席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)咫(zhi)尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)能泊其(qi)(qi)志(zhi)哉。且(qie)鄉里(li)上(shang)(shang)齒,宗(zong)廟上(shang)(shang)爵,朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)上(shang)(shang)位(wei),皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)等威,以明(ming)(ming)長(chang)幼。故得(de)(de)彝倫(lun)(lun)敘而(er)天下和平也(ye)(ye)。且(qie)上(shang)(shang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)宰相御史(shi)(shi)大夫兩省五品以上(shang)(shang)供奉官(guan)(guan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),十(shi)二(er)衛大將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)(san)師三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)令(ling)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)少師保(bao)傅尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)左(zuo)右侍郎自(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),九(jiu)鄉三(san)(san)監(jian)對(dui)(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),從古以然(ran),未嘗(chang)參錯,至如(ru)節度軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)本班卿監(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班。將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)位(wei),縱是(shi)(shi)(shi)開府特進,并(bing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)勛(xun)官(guan)(guan),用(yong)蔭即有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)卑(bei),會(hui)燕合依倫(lun)(lun)敘,豈可裂冠毀冕,反易彜倫(lun)(lun),貴者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)卑(bei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)凌,尊(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)賤所(suo)(suo)(suo)逼,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至於(wu)(wu)此,振古未聞(wen)。如(ru)魚軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)階雖開府,官(guan)(guan)即監(jian)門將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)列(lie)位(wei),自(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)次(ci)敘,但以功(gong)績既高(gao)(gao)(gao),恩澤莫二(er),出入(ru)王命,眾(zhong)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)此,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可令(ling)居本位(wei),須別示有(you)(you)(you)尊(zun)崇,只可于宰相師保(bao)座(zuo)南,橫(heng)安(an)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei),如(ru)御史(shi)(shi)臺眾(zhong)尊(zun)知難事(shi)御史(shi)(shi),別置一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)榻,使百(bai)(bai)寮共得(de)(de)瞻仰(yang)(yang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦可乎(hu)(hu)?圣皇(huang)時,開府高(gao)(gao)(gao)力士承恩傅宣(xuan),亦只如(ru)此橫(heng)座(zuo),亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞(wen)別有(you)(you)(you)禮(li)數。亦何(he)(he)必令(ling)他失位(wei),如(ru)李輔國(guo)(guo)(guo)倚承恩澤,徑(jing)居左(zuo)右仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)及(ji)(ji)三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。令(ling)天下疑怪乎(hu)(hu)?古人(ren)云:益(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)友(you),損者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)友(you),愿仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)諒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友(you),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)為(wei)(wei)(wei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)佞柔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友(you)。又(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昨裴仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)誤(wu)欲(yu)令(ling)左(zuo)右承勾嘗(chang)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu),嘗(chang)時輒有(you)(you)(you)訓對(dui)(dui)。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)恃貴,張(zhang)目(mu)見(jian)尤,介眾(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)顯過。今(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui),還爾(er)遂(sui)非(fei),再謁八(ba)座(zuo)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu),欲(yu)令(ling)便向下座(zuo)。州縣(xian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮(li),亦恐未然(ran)。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)公(gong)(gong)(gong)宴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應若(ruo)(ruo)此。今(jin)既若(ruo)(ruo)此,仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)意只應以為(wei)(wei)(wei)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)。若(ruo)(ruo)州佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)縣(xian)令(ling)乎(hu)(hu)?若(ruo)(ruo)以尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)同(tong)于縣(xian)令(ling),則仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)見(jian)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)令(ling),得(de)(de)如(ru)上(shang)(shang)佐事(shi)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi)乎(hu)(hu)?益(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)矣。今(jin)既三(san)(san)廳齊列(lie),足(zu)(zu)明(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi)且(qie)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)令(ling)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she),同(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)品,只校(xiao)上(shang)(shang)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階,六朝(chao)(chao)(chao)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)并(bing)正三(san)(san)品,又(you)非(fei)隔(ge)品致敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)禮(li)數未敢(gan)有(you)(you)(you)失。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顧尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu),何(he)(he)乃欲(yu)同(tong)卑(bei)吏?又(you)據宋書(shu)有(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)志(zhi),八(ba)座(zuo)同(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)三(san)(san)品,隋及(ji)(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)始升,別作二(er)品。高(gao)(gao)(gao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)標致,誠則尊(zun)崇,向下擠排,無乃傷甚(shen)況再於(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)堂,猲咄常伯,當(dang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)令(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)初到,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)紛(fen)披,黽勉就命,亦非(fei)理(li)屈(qu)。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)紀(ji)綱,須共存立(li)(li)(li),遇爾(er)隳壞,亦恐及(ji)(ji)身。明(ming)(ming)天子忽(hu)震(zhen)電含怒,責轂彜倫(lun)(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),則仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)其(qi)(qi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)何(he)(he)辭以對(dui)(dui)。
《爭座(zuo)位(wei)帖》是顏真(zhen)卿(qing)寫給郭英乂(yi)的(de)(de)一封(feng)書信的(de)(de)草稿。事情(qing)的(de)(de)起因是唐(tang)朝(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)中興(xing)名將(jiang)郭子(zi)儀凱旋(xuan)還(huan)朝(chao)(chao),代宗命(ming)文武(wu)百官于長(chang)安城舉行(xing)歡迎儀式。負責安排(pai)百官排(pai)列次(ci)序(xu)的(de)(de)郭英乂(yi)為(wei)取悅于大宦官魚朝(chao)(chao)恩,不顧朝(chao)(chao)廷規制,刻意(yi)將(jiang)魚朝(chao)(chao)恩的(de)(de)座(zuo)位(wei)排(pai)在品階比(bi)他(ta)高(gao)的(de)(de)幾位(wei)尚書之前。對于這樣露骨的(de)(de)獻媚之舉,一向以正(zheng)色立朝(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)顏真(zhen)卿(qing)憤然致(zhi)書郭英乂(yi),對其所作所為(wei)進(jin)行(xing)嚴詞(ci)斥責。
顏真(zhen)卿(709年(nian)—784年(nian)),字清臣,京(jing)兆萬年(nian)(今陜西西安)人,祖籍(ji)瑯(lang)玡(ya)臨(lin)沂(yi)(yi)(今山東臨(lin)沂(yi)(yi)),唐朝名臣、書(shu)法家(jia)。顏真(zhen)卿擅長行、楷(kai),初(chu)學褚(chu)遂良,后師從張旭(xu),得其筆法,其正楷(kai)端(duan)莊雄偉,行書(shu)氣(qi)勢遒勁,創“顏體”楷(kai)書(shu),對后世影響(xiang)很(hen)大,與趙孟頫、柳(liu)公權、歐陽詢(xun)并稱(cheng)為(wei)“楷(kai)書(shu)四大家(jia)”,又與柳(liu)公權并稱(cheng)“顏柳(liu)”,被稱(cheng)為(wei)“顏筋柳(liu)骨”。
《爭(zheng)座位帖》不少筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)意(yi)是從顏(yan)書楷體演化而(er)來,寫(xie)得(de)更(geng)為(wei)疾速,更(geng)為(wei)放逸,書風跌宕(dang)浪(lang)漫(man),全以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)鋒用筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),氣足(zu)意(yi)滿(man)(man),殺紙(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)氣溢于紙(zhi)(zhi)外,似乎天地之(zhi)間(jian)貫(guan)穿(chuan)著(zhu)股豪(hao)邁的(de)正義力量(liang),無堅不摧。雖是信手寫(xie)來,但筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)氣韻(yun)飽滿(man)(man),靜(jing)動(dong)有態(tai),大小參差。以(yi)直筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)為(wei)主,渾厚(hou)藏拙,質樸(pu)蒼(cang)勁(jing)(jing),奇偉(wei)秀拔(ba),筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)勢(shi)縱(zong)橫(heng),筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)力矯健,筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒雄(xiong)勁(jing)(jing)爽利(li)。《爭(zheng)座位帖》筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)法中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)圓勁(jing)(jing),是篆(zhuan)籀的(de)生化,在圓潤(run)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)有勁(jing)(jing)節,飛動(dong)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)帶韌性,融北朝的(de)雄(xiong)渾遒逸和中(zhong)(zhong)唐的(de)肥勁(jing)(jing)寬(kuan)博(bo)于一爐,勁(jing)(jing)立拔(ba)豪(hao)宕(dang),姿態(tai)飛動(dong)。
《爭座位帖》以行書為(wei)體,草書輔之(zhi)。結字是正書中(zhong)快(kuai)寫(xie)縱逸,以筆勢的(de)婉健流動為(wei)契機來發行、草之(zhi)變,既(ji)富(fu)“飛動詭(gui)形異狀”之(zhi)態,又不失有凝重勁拔的(de)神韻。它與(yu)《祭(ji)侄稿》一(yi)樣沒(mei)有刻意(yi)做作的(de)成(cheng)分(fen),是一(yi)種在自然的(de)傾(qing)訴式的(de)書寫(xie)中(zhong)達到(dao)了書寫(xie)的(de)極則(ze),將本我(wo)的(de)真、藝術內(nei)質的(de)美、空間的(de)騰挪起伏表現融為(wei)一(yi)體。
從章法上(shang)看(kan),《爭座位(wei)帖》通篇構成了自(zi)然(ran)疊嶂、雄逸(yi)茂(mao)暢、舒和(he)爛(lan)漫的(de)心靈圖畫,一派天機之(zhi)中(zhong),凜冽正(zheng)義的(de)精神凸出(chu)(chu)。使人從中(zhong)可以體(ti)味(wei)出(chu)(chu)顏(yan)真卿剛強耿直、樸素敦厚的(de)性格。因為寫(xie)(xie)的(de)是書(shu)信(xin),是草稿書(shu),所以信(xin)手寫(xie)(xie)來,故而(er)前松后緊,行疏字密,大小粗(cu)細相間,加上(shang)圈誤(wu)補遺,多處修改,無有任何安排之(zhi)意,顯得自(zi)然(ran)優雅,任意奔放。
北宋書法家蘇軾《東坡題跋(ba)·題魯公書草》:“比公他書尤為奇特,信乎自然,動有姿態。”
北宋書(shu)(shu)法家米(mi)芾《寶章待訪錄》:“禿(tu)筆,字字意相連屬(shu),飛動詭形異狀(zhuang),得于意外也。世(shi)之顏行第一書(shu)(shu)也。”
清代書法家王澍《虛舟題(ti)跋》:“三稿皆公奇絕之作,《祭侄》奇古蒙(meng)宕,《告伯父(fu)》淵潤從(cong)容,至(zhi)《論座》則兼有(you)《祭侄》《告伯》兩稿之奇,情結不同,書隨之異,所以(yi)直(zhi)入神品,足(zu)為《蘭亭》后(hou)勁也”。
清(qing)代(dai)學(xue)者阮元《顏魯公(gong)爭(zheng)(zheng)座(zuo)位帖跋》:“《爭(zheng)(zheng)座(zuo)位帖》如熔金出冶,隨(sui)地流(liu)走,元氣渾然,不(bu)復以姿(zi)媚(mei)為(wei)念(nian)。夫不(bu)復以姿(zi)媚(mei)為(wei)念(nian)者,其(qi)品(pin)乃高,所以此帖為(wei)行書之極致。”
清(qing)代書法家何(he)紹(shao)基:“此帖筆法之(zhi)佳,當在《蘭亭(ting)》之(zhi)上。”
清末民初學者(zhe)楊守敬《學書邇言(yan)》:“行(xing)書自右軍(jun)后,以魯公此帖為創格,絕(jue)去姿媚(mei),獨標古勁。”
《爭座位(wei)帖》稿本墨跡北(bei)宋時藏于長安(an)安(an)師文處,安(an)氏(shi)據以(yi)摹勒刻(ke)石,后安(an)家兄弟分家,將(jiang)真(zhen)跡一剖為(wei)二,其后又輾轉(zhuan)進入內府,自此(ci)再無下落(luo),不知(zhi)所終(zhong)。惟其刻(ke)石今尚存西安(an)碑林,世稱“關中本”、“陜(shan)刻(ke)本”。好(hao)事者因以(yi)該(gai)本為(wei)底本反(fan)復翻(fan)刻(ke),翻(fan)本眾多,良莠不齊,以(yi)宋拓為(wei)最(zui)珍。
宋(song)拓之中,據王壯弘《崇善樓筆記》載,以(yi)晚(wan)清四大藏書(shu)樓之鐵琴銅劍樓藏北宋(song)拓本(ben)(ben)為(wei)第一(yi),惜今(jin)(jin)已不知(zhi)尚存(cun)人間否。而(er)存(cun)世之宋(song)拓,以(yi)吳榮光、潘(pan)仕成、梁(liang)啟(qi)超(chao)遞藏北宋(song)拓本(ben)(ben)為(wei)第一(yi)。翁方(fang)綱題跋定(ding)為(wei)北宋(song),民國七年有(you)正書(shu)局亦作為(wei)北宋(song)拓本(ben)(ben)影(ying)印出版,鄭(zheng)孝(xiao)胥有(you)跋,復為(wei)梁(liang)啟(qi)超(chao)重(zhong)金購(gou)藏,今(jin)(jin)入國家圖書(shu)館(guan)善本(ben)(ben)特藏部,為(wei)當今(jin)(jin)學術界公認之北宋(song)拓本(ben)(ben)。
此外,還(huan)有何紹基題(ti)跋宋(song)拓本(ben),今在上海(hai)圖書(shu)館(guan),為國家一級文物。其(qi)次,則有啟功題(ti)跋、妙鑒齋(zhai)藏南宋(song)拓本(ben)。