《多寶塔(ta)碑》全(quan)稱為《大唐西京千福(fu)寺多寶佛(fo)塔(ta)感(gan)應碑》,是唐天寶十一年(752年)由當時的(de)文人岑勛撰文、書(shu)法家(jia)徐浩題額、書(shu)法家(jia)顏(yan)真卿書(shu)丹、碑刻家(jia)史華(hua)刻石而成,是楷書(shu)書(shu)法作品。現今保存于西安碑林第二室。
此碑(bei)共三十四行,滿(man)行六(liu)十六(liu)字,內容主要記載了西(xi)京龍興寺禪師楚金創建多寶塔之原(yuan)委及修建經過(guo)。整體秀美剛勁(jing),清爽宜人,有簡潔明快,字字珠璣(ji)之感。用筆豐厚遒(qiu)美,腴潤沉(chen)穩;橫(heng)細豎粗,對比強烈;起筆多露(lu)鋒,收筆多回鋒,轉折多頓筆。結體嚴謹致(zhi)密,緊(jin)湊規整,平穩勻稱,又碑(bei)版精良(liang),存字較(jiao)多,學顏體者多從此碑(bei)下手,入其(qi)堂奧。
(碑額)大唐西京千福寺多(duo)寶(bao)佛塔感應(ying)碑文。
南陽岑勛撰。
朝議郎判(pan)尚書武部員外郎瑯邪顏真(zhen)卿書。
朝散大夫檢校尚(shang)書(shu)都官郎中東海徐浩題額。
粵《妙法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮(lian)華》,諸佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘藏也(ye)(ye)(ye);多寶(bao)(bao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta),證經(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)踴(yong)(yong)現(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。發(fa)(fa)明(ming)資(zi)(zi)乎(hu)十(shi)力,弘(hong)(hong)建(jian)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)(si)依。有(you)(you)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi),法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)號楚金(jin)(jin)(jin),姓(xing)程,廣(guang)(guang)平人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。祖(zu)、父并(bing)京著釋(shi)門(men),慶歸法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)胤(yin)。母高氏,久(jiu)而(er)無(wu)(wu)妊,夜(ye)(ye)(ye)夢(meng)諸佛(fo)(fo)(fo),覺而(er)有(you)(you)娠。是生(sheng)龍(long)象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征,無(wu)(wu)取(qu)熊羆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆。誕彌厥月(yue),炳然(ran)殊相(xiang)(xiang)。岐(qi)嶷絕(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葷茹,齠齔不(bu)為(wei)(wei)童游。道(dao)樹萌芽,聳(song)豫章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)楨干;禪(chan)池(chi)畎澮,涵巨(ju)(ju)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)波(bo)濤。年(nian)甫七歲,居(ju)然(ran)厭俗,自(zi)(zi)(zi)誓出家(jia),禮藏探經(jing),《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華》在手。宿命潛悟(wu),如(ru)(ru)識金(jin)(jin)(jin)環;總(zong)(zong)持(chi)(chi)不(bu)遺,若(ruo)注瓶水(shui)。九歲落發(fa)(fa),住西京龍(long)興(xing)寺,從(cong)僧(seng)箓(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。進(jin)具(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian),升座講法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。頓收珍藏,異窮子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾走;直詣寶(bao)(bao)山,無(wu)(wu)化城而(er)可息。爾(er)后(hou),因靜(jing)夜(ye)(ye)(ye)持(chi)(chi)誦(song)至(zhi)《多寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)品》,身(shen)心(xin)泊然(ran),如(ru)(ru)入(ru)禪(chan)定(ding)(ding)。忽見(jian)(jian)(jian)寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta),宛在目(mu)(mu)前,釋(shi)迦分身(shen),遍滿空(kong)界。行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)勤圣(sheng)現(xian)(xian),業(ye)凈(jing)感(gan)深(shen),悲(bei)生(sheng)悟(wu)中(zhong),淚下(xia)(xia)如(ru)(ru)雨。遂(sui)布衣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)食,不(bu)出戶庭,期滿六年(nian),誓建(jian)茲塔(ta)(ta)。既而(er)許王瓘及(ji)居(ju)士趙崇、信女普意(yi),善來稽首,咸舍(she)(she)珍財。禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)輯(ji)莊嚴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因,資(zi)(zi)爽塏(kai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,利(li)見(jian)(jian)(jian)千(qian)福,默議于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)心(xin)。時(shi)千(qian)福有(you)(you)懷忍禪(chan)師(shi)(shi),忽于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)夜(ye)(ye)(ye),見(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui),發(fa)(fa)源龍(long)興(xing),流(liu)注千(qian)福,清澄泛(fan)(fan)滟(yan),中(zhong)有(you)(you)方(fang)舟。又(you)見(jian)(jian)(jian)寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)自(zi)(zi)(zi)空(kong)而(er)下(xia)(xia),久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)(nai)滅(mie)(mie),即今(jin)建(jian)塔(ta)(ta)處也(ye)(ye)(ye)。寺內(nei)(nei)凈(jing)人(ren)(ren)名法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相(xiang)(xiang),先于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)地,復見(jian)(jian)(jian)燈(deng)光,遠望則(ze)明(ming),近(jin)尋即滅(mie)(mie)。竊以(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)流(liu)開于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性,舟泛(fan)(fan)表于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慈航(hang),塔(ta)(ta)現(xian)(xian)兆于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng),燈(deng)明(ming)示(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)盡(jin):非至(zhi)德精(jing)感(gan),其(qi)孰能(neng)與于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此?及(ji)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)建(jian)言,雜然(ran)歡(huan)愜:負畚荷插,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)橐于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)囊;登登憑憑,是板是筑。灑以(yi)(yi)(yi)香水(shui),隱以(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)錘。我(wo)(wo)能(neng)竭誠(cheng),工乃(nai)(nai)用壯。禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)每夜(ye)(ye)(ye)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筑階所,懇志誦(song)經(jing),勵(li)精(jing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)道(dao)。眾聞天(tian)(tian)樂,咸嗅異香,喜嘆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音,圣(sheng)凡(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)半(ban)(ban)。至(zhi)天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)元載(zai),創構材(cai)木(mu),肇安相(xiang)(xiang)輪。禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)理(li)會佛(fo)(fo)(fo)心(xin),感(gan)通帝(di)夢(meng)。七月(yue)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)日(ri)(ri),敕內(nei)(nei)侍趙思偘求(qiu)諸寶(bao)(bao)坊,驗以(yi)(yi)(yi)所夢(meng)。入(ru)寺見(jian)(jian)(jian)塔(ta)(ta),禮問禪(chan)師(shi)(shi),圣(sheng)夢(meng)有(you)(you)孚,法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)名惟肖。其(qi)日(ri)(ri),賜(si)錢五十(shi)萬(wan)(wan)、絹(juan)千(qian)匹,助(zhu)建(jian)修也(ye)(ye)(ye)。則(ze)知精(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),雖先天(tian)(tian)而(er)不(bu)違(wei);純如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),當后(hou)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)授記。昔漢明(ming)永(yong)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri),大(da)(da)(da)化初(chu)流(liu);我(wo)(wo)皇天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian),寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)斯建(jian)。同符千(qian)古,昭(zhao)有(you)(you)烈光。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時(shi)道(dao)俗景附,檀施山積,庀徒度(du)財,功百其(qi)倍矣(yi)(yi)。至(zhi)二載(zai),敕中(zhong)使楊順景宣(xuan)旨(zhi)(zhi),令(ling)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)花萼(e)樓下(xia)(xia)迎多寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)額(e)。遂(sui)總(zong)(zong)僧(seng)事,備(bei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)儀。宸眷俯臨(lin),額(e)書下(xia)(xia)降,又(you)賜(si)絹(juan)百匹。圣(sheng)札飛(fei)毫(hao),動(dong)云(yun)(yun)龍(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣象(xiang);天(tian)(tian)文(wen)掛塔(ta)(ta),駐日(ri)(ri)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光輝。至(zhi)四(si)(si)載(zai),塔(ta)(ta)事將就,表請(qing)慶齋,歸功帝(di)力。時(shi)僧(seng)道(dao)四(si)(si)部(bu),會逾萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)。有(you)(you)五色(se)云(yun)(yun),團輔(fu)塔(ta)(ta)頂,眾盡(jin)瞻睹(du),莫(mo)不(bu)崩(beng)悅。大(da)(da)(da)哉觀佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光利(li),用賓于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)王。禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)謂同學曰:鵬(peng)運滄溟,非云(yun)(yun)羅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可頓;心(xin)游寂滅(mie)(mie),豈愛(ai)網之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)加(jia)?精(jing)進(jin)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men),菩薩(sa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)強不(bu)息,本(ben)期同行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),復遂(sui)宿心(xin)。鑿井見(jian)(jian)(jian)泥,去水(shui)不(bu)遠;鉆木(mu)未熱,得火何階?凡(fan)我(wo)(wo)七僧(seng),聿懷一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)志,晝夜(ye)(ye)(ye)塔(ta)(ta)下(xia)(xia),誦(song)持(chi)(chi)《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華》。香煙不(bu)斷,經(jing)聲遞(di)續,炯以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)常(chang),沒身(shen)不(bu)替。自(zi)(zi)(zi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)載(zai),每春秋二時(shi),集同行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)德四(si)(si)十(shi)九人(ren)(ren),行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華三(san)(san)(san)(san)昧(mei)。尋奉恩旨(zhi)(zhi),許為(wei)(wei)恒(heng)式(shi)。前后(hou)道(dao)場所感(gan)舍(she)(she)利(li),凡(fan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)七十(shi)粒;至(zhi)六載(zai),欲葬舍(she)(she)利(li),預嚴(yan)道(dao)場,又(you)降一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百八(ba)粒;畫(hua)普賢(xian)變,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筆鋒上聯(lian)得一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)九粒。莫(mo)不(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong),浮光瑩(ying)然(ran)。禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)我(wo)(wo)觀身(shen),了(le)空(kong)求(qiu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),先刺(ci)血(xue)寫(xie)《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)、《菩薩(sa)戒》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷、《觀普賢(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷,乃(nai)(nai)取(qu)舍(she)(she)利(li)三(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)粒,盛以(yi)(yi)(yi)石(shi)函,兼造自(zi)(zi)(zi)身(shen)石(shi)影(ying),跪而(er)戴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),同置(zhi)塔(ta)(ta)下(xia)(xia),表至(zhi)敬也(ye)(ye)(ye)。使夫舟遷(qian)夜(ye)(ye)(ye)壑,無(wu)(wu)變度(du)門(men);劫算墨塵(chen),永(yong)垂貞范。又(you)奉為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)上及(ji)蒼生(sheng)寫(xie)《妙法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮(lian)華經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)部(bu)(金(jin)(jin)(jin)字(zi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)六部(bu)),用鎮(zhen)寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)。又(you)寫(xie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)部(bu),散施受(shou)持(chi)(chi)。靈(ling)應既多,具(ju)如(ru)(ru)本(ben)傳。其(qi)載(zai)敕內(nei)(nei)侍吳懷實賜(si)金(jin)(jin)(jin)銅香爐(lu),高一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)五尺(chi),奉表陳謝,手詔(zhao)批云(yun)(yun):“師(shi)(shi)弘(hong)(hong)濟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愿,感(gan)達人(ren)(ren)天(tian)(tian);莊嚴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),義成(cheng)(cheng)因果(guo)(guo)。”則(ze)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)施財施,信所宜先也(ye)(ye)(ye)。主(zhu)上握至(zhi)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈(ling)符,受(shou)如(ru)(ru)來之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)印(yin),非禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)慧超悟(wu),無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宸衷,非主(zhu)上至(zhi)圣(sheng)文(wen)明(ming),無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)鑒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)誠(cheng)愿。倬彼(bi)寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta),為(wei)(wei)章梵宮。經(jing)始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,真(zhen)僧(seng)是葺;克(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye),圣(sheng)主(zhu)斯崇。爾(er)其(qi)為(wei)(wei)狀也(ye)(ye)(ye),則(ze)岳(yue)聳(song)蓮(lian)披,云(yun)(yun)垂蓋偃,下(xia)(xia)欻崛以(yi)(yi)(yi)踴(yong)(yong)地,上亭盈(ying)而(er)媚(mei)空(kong),中(zhong)晻(an)晻(an)其(qi)靜(jing)深(shen),旁赫赫以(yi)(yi)(yi)弘(hong)(hong)敞(chang)。碝(ruan)磩承(cheng)陛,瑯玕綷檻,玉(yu)(yu)瑱居(ju)楹,銀黃拂戶,重檐疊于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)畫(hua)栱,反宇(yu)環其(qi)璧珰。坤靈(ling)赑屃以(yi)(yi)(yi)負砌(qi),天(tian)(tian)祗儼雅(ya)而(er)翊戶。或(huo)復肩(jian)挐(上為(wei)(wei)加(jia))摯鳥,肘擐(huan)修蛇,冠盤巨(ju)(ju)龍(long),帽抱猛(meng)獸,勃(bo)如(ru)(ru)戰色(se),有(you)(you)奭其(qi)容。窮繪事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆精(jing),選(xuan)朝(chao)英之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偈贊。若(ruo)乃(nai)(nai)開扃(jiong)鐍(jue),窺奧秘,二尊分座,疑(yi)對鷲山,千(qian)帙發(fa)(fa)題,若(ruo)觀龍(long)藏,金(jin)(jin)(jin)碧炅晃,環佩葳(wei)蕤;至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列三(san)(san)(san)(san)乘(cheng),分八(ba)部(bu),圣(sheng)徒翕(xi)習,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)事森羅。方(fang)寸千(qian)名,盈(ying)尺(chi)萬(wan)(wan)象(xiang),大(da)(da)(da)身(shen)現(xian)(xian)小,廣(guang)(guang)座能(neng)卑;須(xu)彌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容,欻入(ru)芥子,寶(bao)(bao)蓋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀,頓覆三(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)。昔衡岳(yue)思大(da)(da)(da)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華三(san)(san)(san)(san)昧(mei)傳悟(wu)天(tian)(tian)臺智(zhi)者(zhe),爾(er)來寂寥,罕契(qi)(qi)真(zhen)要。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)久(jiu)廢,生(sheng)我(wo)(wo)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi),克(ke)嗣其(qi)業(ye),繼明(ming)二祖(zu),相(xiang)(xiang)望百年(nian)。夫其(qi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教也(ye)(ye)(ye),開玄(xuan)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)念,照圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鏡于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)十(shi)方(fang),指陰界為(wei)(wei)妙門(men),駈(qu)塵(chen)勞為(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)侶,聚沙(sha)能(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)道(dao),合掌(zhang)已(yi)(yi)入(ru)圣(sheng)流(liu)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)乘(cheng)教門(men),總(zong)(zong)而(er)歸一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi);八(ba)萬(wan)(wan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)藏,我(wo)(wo)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)雄。譬猶滿月(yue)麗天(tian)(tian),螢光列宿;山王映海,蟻垤群峰。嗟乎(hu),三(san)(san)(san)(san)界之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沉寐久(jiu)矣(yi)(yi)!佛(fo)(fo)(fo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華為(wei)(wei)木(mu)鐸,惟我(wo)(wo)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)超然(ran)深(shen)悟(wu)。其(qi)貌也(ye)(ye)(ye),岳(yue)瀆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秀,冰雪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姿,果(guo)(guo)唇(chun)貝齒,蓮(lian)目(mu)(mu)月(yue)面。望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厲(li),即之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溫,睹(du)相(xiang)(xiang)未言,而(er)降伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)已(yi)(yi)過半(ban)(ban)矣(yi)(yi)。同行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)抱玉(yu)(yu)、飛(fei)錫,襲衡臺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘躅(zhu),傳止觀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)義,或(huo)名高帝(di)選(xuan),或(huo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)密眾師(shi)(shi),共弘(hong)(hong)開示(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗,盡(jin)契(qi)(qi)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。門(men)人(ren)(ren)苾芻如(ru)(ru)巖、靈(ling)悟(wu)、凈(jing)真(zhen)、真(zhen)空(kong)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)濟等(deng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)慧為(wei)(wei)文(wen)質,以(yi)(yi)(yi)戒忍為(wei)(wei)剛柔(rou),含樸玉(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光輝,等(deng)旃檀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圍繞。夫發(fa)(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)因,因圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)福廣(guang)(guang);起(qi)因者(zhe)相(xiang)(xiang),相(xiang)(xiang)遣則(ze)慧深(shen)。求(qiu)無(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)為(wei)(wei),通解脫于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)字(zi),舉(ju)事徵理(li),含毫(hao)強名。偈曰:
佛(fo)有妙法,比象(xiang)蓮華。圓(yuan)頓深(shen)入(ru),真凈無瑕(xia)。慧通法界,福利(li)恒沙。直(zhi)至寶所,俱乘大車。(其一)
於戲上(shang)士(shi),發行正勤。緬想寶(bao)塔,思弘勝因。圓階已就,層(ceng)覆初陳(chen)。乃昭帝夢,福應天人。(其二)
輪奐斯崇(chong),為(wei)章凈域。真僧草(cao)創(chuang),圣(sheng)主增飾(shi)。中(zhong)座耽耽,飛檐翼翼。薦(jian)臻(zhen)靈感,歸我(wo)帝力。(其三)
念彼(bi)后學,心滯迷封。昏(hun)衢未曉,中道難逢。常驚夜杌,還懼真龍(long)。不(bu)有禪伯,誰明大(da)宗。(其四)
大海吞流,崇山(shan)納壤。教(jiao)門稱(cheng)頓,慈力能廣。功起聚(ju)沙,德成合掌。開佛知見,法為無上。(其(qi)五)
情塵雖雜,性海無漏。定養圣胎,染生(sheng)迷鷇。斷常起縛(fu),空(kong)色同謬。薝葡(pu)現前,馀香何(he)嗅?(其(qi)六)
彤彤法(fa)宇,繄我四依(yi)。事(shi)該理暢,玉粹金輝。慧鏡無垢(gou),慈燈照微。空王(wang)可托,本愿同歸(gui)。(其七)
天寶十一載,歲次壬(ren)辰,四月乙丑朔(shuo),廿二日戊戌建(jian)。
敕(chi)檢校塔使(shi):正議大夫行(xing)內侍(shi)趙思(si)偘(kan)。判官:內府丞車沖。檢校:僧義(yi)方。河南史華刻。
唐朝天寶(bao)年間(jian),楚金禪師夜誦《法華經》時,仿(fang)佛有多寶(bao)佛塔呈現眼前,他想把幻覺中的多寶(bao)佛塔變為現實,誓志籌建(jian)。在(zai)(zai)修(xiu)造期(qi)間(jian),甚至(zhi)出現了種(zhong)種(zhong)靈應和神奇的事情。這份誠意感動了唐玄宗(zong),于是賞賜錢帛,并親題塔額。經過4年的努力,多寶(bao)佛塔終于在(zai)(zai)天寶(bao)十一年(752年)建(jian)成。
而時任武部員外郎、44歲的(de)顏真卿(qing)被選中來(lai)書(shu)寫碑(bei)文(wen)。顏真卿(qing)和當時的(de)大(da)多數(shu)知識分子(zi)一(yi)樣是(shi)正統的(de)儒家,但(dan)也(ye)信奉(feng)佛教,他的(de)書(shu)法(fa)風格直接“二王”、歐、虞、褚余風,而又與唐(tang)人寫經(jing)有明(ming)顯的(de)相似之處(chu)。碑(bei)文(wen)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)者岑(cen)勛,是(shi)詩人岑(cen)參的(de)從弟;題(ti)寫碑(bei)額的(de)徐浩,年(nian)長顏真卿(qing)6歲,是(shi)當時的(de)書(shu)法(fa)名家,也(ye)是(shi)張旭的(de)學生,這是(shi)他倆第(di)一(yi)次合作(zuo)(zuo)書(shu)碑(bei);史華則是(shi)當時的(de)刻碑(bei)高手。
顏(yan)(yan)(yan)真卿(709年(nian)(nian)(nian)—784年(nian)(nian)(nian)),字清(qing)臣(chen),小名(ming)羨門子,別號應方,京兆萬年(nian)(nian)(nian)(今陜(shan)西西安)人(ren),唐代名(ming)臣(chen)、書(shu)(shu)法家。開元二十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(734年(nian)(nian)(nian)),登進士第,歷任監(jian)察(cha)御史、殿中侍御史。官至吏部尚書(shu)(shu)、太子太師(shi),封魯(lu)郡公(gong)(gong),人(ren)稱(cheng)“顏(yan)(yan)(yan)魯(lu)公(gong)(gong)”。與(yu)(yu)趙(zhao)孟頫、柳公(gong)(gong)權(quan)、歐陽(yang)詢并稱(cheng)為“楷(kai)書(shu)(shu)四大(da)家”。又(you)與(yu)(yu)柳公(gong)(gong)權(quan)并稱(cheng)“顏(yan)(yan)(yan)柳”,被稱(cheng)為“顏(yan)(yan)(yan)筋柳骨”。代表(biao)作品有(you)《多寶塔(ta)碑(bei)》《顏(yan)(yan)(yan)勤禮碑(bei)》《祭(ji)侄文(wen)稿(gao)》等。
該(gai)碑用(yong)(yong)筆(bi)(bi)多中鋒,起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)和收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)有明顯(xian)的頓按。起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)藏鋒為主,兼用(yong)(yong)露鋒,方圓并用(yong)(yong)。有些橫(heng)(heng)畫(hua)起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)較(jiao)為外露,不同(tong)于柳體的齊頭方腳,而是稍存斜尖,并參(can)以含蓄的筆(bi)(bi)意(yi)使之(zhi)變化豐(feng)富;收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)用(yong)(yong)頓筆(bi)(bi)和回鋒的較(jiao)多,強調“護尾”,尤其(qi)于橫(heng)(heng)畫(hua)中最為明顯(xian),寫橫(heng)(heng)行至收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)處,常(chang)向右下方重按,頓筆(bi)(bi)回鋒,體現(xian)出顏(yan)(yan)體的雄(xiong)渾(hun)、大氣(qi)之(zhi)韻(yun),豎(shu)(shu)畫(hua)粗(cu)壯(zhuang),渾(hun)厚力強。橫(heng)(heng)、豎(shu)(shu)筆(bi)(bi)畫(hua)粗(cu)細對比鮮明,富節奏、韻(yun)律(lv)美感,也把顏(yan)(yan)體的一個“筋”的意(yi)味(wei)完(wan)整地表達出來。
顏體(ti)(ti)撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)較(jiao)輕盈挺健,捺畫(hua)(hua)(hua)卻粗壯有(you)力,有(you)“蠶頭燕(yan)尾”之(zhi)稱,給人以剛健的動感,尤(you)其是捺腳較(jiao)長,頓挫(cuo)(cuo)后(hou)踢(ti)出開(kai)衩,含蓄而又有(you)峻利之(zhi)感。另外,顏體(ti)(ti)捺畫(hua)(hua)(hua)的捺腳多(duo)與撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)鋒尖持平(ping)或稍低(di),不似柳體(ti)(ti)的撇低(di)捺高,而呈(cheng)現出一種舒展沉(chen)穩之(zhi)美。《多(duo)寶塔碑》轉折(zhe)變化(hua)較(jiao)多(duo),主要有(you)提聳肩頓挫(cuo)(cuo)和按筆(bi)削肩暗轉之(zhi)法(fa),有(you)方(fang)(fang)有(you)圓(yuan),方(fang)(fang)圓(yuan)兼(jian)施。該(gai)碑具有(you)唐楷“尚(shang)法(fa)”的典型(xing)特征,結體(ti)(ti)寬博,布白(bai)較(jiao)勻整,字型(xing)稍方(fang)(fang),端莊平(ping)穩,正(zheng)氣飽(bao)滿(man),已初顯顏體(ti)(ti)成熟期正(zheng)面(mian)示人、雄渾豪邁的書風(feng)。
《多寶塔碑》整(zheng)篇(pian)結(jie)構嚴密,字(zi)行間有(you)烏(wu)絲欄界格(ge),其結(jie)體寬(kuan)博,布白(bai)較勻(yun)整(zheng),字(zi)型稍方,端莊平穩,正氣(qi)(qi)飽滿,布勢均勻(yun),四周(zhou)撐滿,故氣(qi)(qi)勢雄偉,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)“顏體”佛書(shu)的(de)又(you)一特色。顏真卿(qing)的(de)結(jie)體,用的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“外拓(tuo)”筆(bi)法,字(zi)勢方正,撇捺(na)竭力向左右(you)拓(tuo)展,氣(qi)(qi)勢博大恢弘。無論(lun)獨(du)體字(zi),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)合體字(zi),都以(yi)中(zhong)心軸線為重(zhong)心,在結(jie)構處理(li)上,既講究(jiu)規矩(ju),又(you)生動活潑。在楷書(shu)史上還沒有(you)一個(ge)人有(you)過(guo)這樣的(de)結(jie)體方式,尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)捺(na)腳(jiao),重(zhong)拙(zhuo)而(er)不作波曳(ye)之狀,線條澀重(zhong)雄強,氣(qi)(qi)概(gai)非凡(fan)。
《多寶塔(ta)碑》的章法之美:整幅作品縱橫整齊。從縱看,字的中(zhong)心在中(zhong)軸線上;字的大(da)小配(pei)合得當。整體雄(xiong)偉恢弘,實也(ye)秀媚(mei)多姿。
明(ming)代學者孫鑛《書畫跋》:“此是魯公最勻穩書,亦(yi)盡秀媚多姿(zi),第微帶俗,正是近世掾(yuan)史家鼻祖。”
明代戲曲理論家何良俊《四(si)友齋(zhai)書(shu)(shu)論》:“正所謂世下最傳者,蓋魯公書(shu)(shu)妙在(zai)險勁,而(er)此書(shu)(shu)太(tai)整(zheng)齊(qi),失之板耳(er)。”
現代書法(fa)家(jia)歐陽中(zhong)石(shi):“它(ta)是(shi)顏(yan)碑中(zhong)最(zui)講(jiang)用筆,法(fa)度最(zui)為細密嚴(yan)謹的一部。”
陜西(xi)師范大學(xue)歷史文(wen)化學(xue)院教授張懋镕:“整(zheng)篇結構(gou)嚴密(mi),點(dian)畫圓整(zheng),端莊而不呆板。”
《多寶塔(ta)碑(bei)》蘊含了(le)“二王”和初唐(tang)以來書家(jia)的風(feng)流,歷來為書家(jia)珍重。它是(shi)唐(tang)代“尚法”的代表碑(bei)刻之(zhi)一,學顏體者多從(cong)此碑(bei)下手,入其堂奧。學子(zi)描紅、士子(zi)舉(ju)業、居(ju)士寫經、坊間印(yin)書,競相(xiang)仿效。至今(jin)仍是(shi)適用非常廣、影響十(shi)分巨大的書法作品。
顏(yan)真卿傳(chuan)世書(shu)碑之(zhi)作中(zhong),《多(duo)(duo)寶(bao)塔碑》所(suo)蘊文(wen)(wen)獻價值(zhi)是非(fei)常大的(de)(de)。其(qi)一,此(ci)碑書(shu)寫厚重,石料堅硬細膩(ni),加上運(yun)用了直刀深刻法進行鐫刻,因而歷(li)經1000多(duo)(duo)年的(de)(de)錘拓仍完好(hao)如初,字(zi)口清晰,神采(cai)奕奕。除康熙年間(jian)碑石斷裂損泐二(er)十字(zi)之(zhi)外(wai),無缺文(wen)(wen)、疑字(zi),這(zhe)對賞鑒顏(yan)書(shu)、校考碑文(wen)(wen)、考辨各代拓本流傳(chuan)都甚為有利。其(qi)二(er),碑文(wen)(wen)撰者岑勛(xun)、多(duo)(duo)寶(bao)塔出資助修者許(xu)王(wang)瓘,檢(jian)閱(yue)史籍后(hou)考得(de)生平事跡一二(er),或可(ke)補(bu)史志未載。其(qi)三,碑文(wen)(wen)所(suo)記禪師楚金(jin)事可(ke)與同門僧人(ren)飛錫撰《楚金(jin)禪師碑》及佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)獻互參(can)校考。其(qi)四,多(duo)(duo)寶(bao)塔碑敘記之(zhi)事多(duo)(duo)有虛(xu)誕,但基于唐(tang)玄宗時佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)發展達于極(ji)盛,伽(jia)藍之(zhi)數較(jiao)唐(tang)初幾增(zeng)一倍(bei)的(de)(de)史實(shi),反(fan)觀此(ci)碑言及,亦(yi)無疑是對當(dang)時“抑而不毀(hui)”的(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)之(zhi)況、政教(jiao)關(guan)系的(de)(de)一種反(fan)映。
《多寶塔(ta)碑(bei)》,唐天寶十(shi)一年(752年)四(si)月二十(shi)二日刻立。碑(bei)原在長安(an)城(cheng)安(an)定坊千(qian)佛寺,北宋初移(yi)入(ru)文廟,后又移(yi)至西安(an)碑(bei)林。
清(qing)康熙年間(jian),此(ci)碑左側近中(zhong)部處,即三十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)行(xing)至(zhi)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)四行(xing)(最末四行(xing))泐(le)去半圓形(xing)一(yi)大塊(kuai),泐(le)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)。故(gu)凡此(ci)處碑字(zi)不損者,必為清(qing)初拓本。