《天際烏云帖》又稱(cheng)《嵩陽帖》,蘇軾詩文一章,行(xing)書,真跡曾由明代項元汴收藏(zang),清歸翁(weng)(weng)方綱,有(you)翁(weng)(weng)氏(shi)題跋。共三(san)十六行(xing),計三(san)百零七個(ge)字。藏(zang)處(chu)不(bu)詳(xiang)。
此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)無年(nian)(nian)款(kuan),據清翁方綱(gang)所(suo)(suo)考,蘇(su)軾有(you)(you)(you)《常潤道中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)懷錢(qian)唐,寄述(shu)古五(wu)(wu)首(shou)》之作,其次(ci)章(zhang)有(you)(you)(you)“去年(nian)(nian)柳絮(xu)飛時節,記得金籠(long)(long)放(fang)雪衣”句,并(bing)自注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“杭(hang)人以放(fang)鴿(ge)(ge)為太守壽。”此(ci)(ci)正是帖(tie)(tie)中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)(suo)言陳太守放(fang)營妓周韶事(shi),杭(hang)人稱譽之。因周韶詩(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)“開籠(long)(long)若(ruo)放(fang)雪衣女”事(shi),正應放(fang)鴿(ge)(ge)為壽。此(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寧五(wu)(wu)、六年(nian)(nian)間(jian)事(shi)。翁氏又(you)考蘇(su)詩(shi)(shi)外集有(you)(you)(you)《過濰州(zhou)(zhou)驛(yi),見蔡(cai)(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)(mo)題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)壁上云(yun)(yun)(yun):“綽(chuo)(chuo)約新嬌生眼底,逡巡舊事(shi)上眉尖(jian)。春來試(shi)問愁多少,得似春潮夜夜添。不知為誰而作也?和一(yi)首(shou)》。此(ci)(ci)事(shi)在(zai)(zai)蘇(su)軾自密州(zhou)(zhou)移(yi)徐州(zhou)(zhou)之際,即(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寧九年(nian)(nian)蘇(su)軾濰州(zhou)(zhou)度歲時。翁氏即(ji)(ji)猜(cai)此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寧十年(nian)(nian)書(shu)。然(ran)詩(shi)(shi)與帖(tie)(tie)又(you)有(you)(you)(you)矛(mao)盾:帖(tie)(tie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“仆在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)塘(tang)”見“堂前小閣中(zhong)(zhong)壁上”書(shu)蔡(cai)(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)(mo)“綽(chuo)(chuo)約新嬌”詩(shi)(shi),而詩(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“過濰州(zhou)(zhou)驛(yi),見蔡(cai)(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)(mo)題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)壁上云(yun)(yun)(yun):‘綽(chuo)(chuo)約新嬌……'。”二者(zhe)必有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)偽。再,《蘇(su)文忠公(gong)詩(shi)(shi)編注集成總(zong)案》又(you)載蘇(su)軾《題(ti)蔡(cai)(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)(mo)詩(shi)(shi)草》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“此(ci)(ci)蔡(cai)(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)(mo)—《夢(meng)中(zhong)(zhong)》—詩(shi)(shi),真跡在(zai)(zai)濟(ji)明家,筆力遒勁。”并(bing)自署為“元皊(ling)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)十月四(si)日”。此(ci)(ci)是蘇(su)軾知杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)事(shi),距初悴杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)又(you)十五(wu)(wu)、六年(nian)(nian)時間(jian)。這又(you)留下一(yi)個可(ke)猜(cai)想的余地(di)。但帖(tie)(tie)中(zhong)(zhong)“仆在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)塘(tang)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun),書(shu)此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)時必不在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)塘(tang)。因之,斷(duan)為熙(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寧十年(nian)(nian)左右較合理。然(ran)翁氏在(zai)(zai)帖(tie)(tie)考中(zhong)(zhong)又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)書(shu)頗類《滿庭芳詞——為王長官(guan)作》和《上清宮詞》書(shu)。前者(zhe)書(shu)于元豐六年(nian)(nian),后者(zhe)書(shu)于元皊(ling)二年(nian)(nian)。因此(ci)(ci)斷(duan)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寧十年(nian)(nian)至元皊(ling)二年(nian)(nian)這十年(nian)(nian)之間(jian)。此(ci)(ci)又(you)平添一(yi)重疑難(nan)也。
翁(weng)氏收(shou)藏(zang)此(ci)帖(tie)后(hou),又(you)引起了是(shi)否鈞填本的(de)爭論。因存世蘇書鉤填本很多,而此(ci)帖(tie)紙(zhi)質擦損(sun)嚴重,“有二(er)一(yi)描失處”,故疑之(zhi)(zhi)。但(dan)翁(weng)氏肯定(ding)說這(zhe)是(shi)真跡本,并將此(ci)帖(tie)與《快雪堂帖(tie)》刻本逐(zhu)一(yi)比較,而斷定(ding)《快雪堂帖(tie)》刻本所(suo)據乃(nai)為董其(qi)昌記載所(suo)見之(zhi)(zhi)摹本。在(zai)沒有尋(xun)找到更多的(de)證據前(qian),我們尊重翁(weng)氏之(zhi)(zhi)論,也是(shi)有道理的(de)。
“天際烏云含(han)雨重(zhong),樓前紅日照山明(ming)。嵩陽居士今何(he)(在(zai)),青(qing)眼(yan)看人(ren)(ren)萬(wan)里(li)情(qing)。”此(ci)蔡(cai)君(jun)(jun)(jun)謨《夢中》詩(shi)也。仆(pu)在(zai)錢塘,一(yi)日謁陳述(shu)(shu)(古(gu)),邀(yao)余(yu)飲堂前小合中。壁上小書一(yi)絕(jue),君(jun)(jun)(jun)謨真跡也。“綽約新嬌生(sheng)眼(yan)底,侵尋舊事(shi)上眉尖。問君(jun)(jun)(jun)別后愁多(duo)少,得似春潮夜夜添。”又有人(ren)(ren)和云:“長垂玉筋(jin)殘妝(zhuang)臉,肯為金(jin)釵(chai)露指尖。萬(wan)斛閑(xian)愁何(he)日盡,一(yi)分真態更難(nan)添。”二詩(shi)皆可觀,后詩(shi)不知誰作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也。杭州營(ying)籍周韶(shao)(shao),多(duo)蓄奇茗(ming),常與(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)謨斗,勝之。韶(shao)(shao)又知作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)詩(shi)。子容(rong)過杭,述(shu)(shu)古(gu)飲之,韶(shao)(shao)泣(qi)求落籍。子容(rong)曰:“可作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)絕(jue),”韶(shao)(shao)援筆立成、曰:“隴上巢空歲(sui)月驚,忍看回首自梳翎。開籠若(ruo)放雪衣(yi)女,長念觀音(yin)般若(ruo)經(jing)。”韶(shao)(shao)時有服,衣(yi)白,一(yi)坐(zuo)嗟(jie)嘆。遂落籍。同輩皆有詩(shi)送(song)之,二人(ren)(ren)者最(zui)善。胡楚云:“淡妝(zhuang)輕(qing)素鶴翎紅,移入朱欄便不同。應笑(xiao)西園舊桃李(li),強勻顏色待東風。”龍靚云:“桃花流水本無塵,一(yi)落人(ren)(ren)間(jian)幾度春。解佩暫酬交甫意,濯纓還作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)武陵(ling)人(ren)(ren)。”故知杭人(ren)(ren)多(duo)惠也。