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基本介紹

魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)是一種大型異(yi)特(te)(te)龍(long)(long)類，體(ti)型接近霸王龍(long)(long)，其化石發(fa)現于(yu)阿根廷的巴塔哥尼(ni)亞(ya)地區(qu)。魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)屬下僅包含一種，丘布特(te)(te)魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)。魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)與同屬于(yu)異(yi)特(te)(te)龍(long)(long)類的鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)，南方巨獸(shou)龍(long)(long)和馬(ma)普龍(long)(long)有很近的親緣關系。與這些近親相比，魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的生(sheng)存(cun)時間更(geng)早，年(nian)代(dai)為早白堊世的阿普特(te)(te)期。魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的發(fa)現對于(yu)認識巨型鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)類的早期形態演化具有重要意義(yi)。

命名由來

魁紂龍的(de)屬名是tyrannus和titan的(de)合成(cheng)詞，意為“巨大的(de)暴君”，種名是阿根(gen)廷(ting)的(de)丘布特省。

基本信息和形態學

魁(kui)紂龍目(mu)前報道(dao)了兩件標本(ben)，正型標本(ben)MPEF-PV 1156包(bao)含(han)了不(bu)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)齒骨(gu)(gu)，脫落的(de)(de)牙齒；第3-8和(he)(he)11-14節背椎，近(jin)端尾椎，肋骨(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)脈(mo)弧；不(bu)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)左側(ce)肩胛烏喙骨(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)右側(ce)肱骨(gu)(gu)以及尺骨(gu)(gu)；恥骨(gu)(gu)，坐(zuo)骨(gu)(gu)，不(bu)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)左側(ce)腸骨(gu)(gu)；幾(ji)乎完整(zheng)的(de)(de)左側(ce)股骨(gu)(gu)，腓骨(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)第二跖骨(gu)(gu)。

樞椎(zhui)之后(hou)(hou)的頸椎(zhui)均(jun)為后(hou)(hou)凹形。薦椎(zhui)前的椎(zhui)體(ti)都具備良(liang)好(hao)發育(yu)的氣(qi)腔。尾椎(zhui)骨缺乏氣(qi)腔或者(zhe)滋養孔，這一點于鯊齒龍和高棘龍不同。背椎(zhui)神經(jing)棘延前后(hou)(hou)方向(xiang)伸長，背腹向(xiang)加深以及內外向(xiang)加厚，其前后(hou)(hou)面都發育(yu)有強大的韌帶(dai)附著點。

烏(wu)喙骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和肩(jian)胛(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)愈(yu)合。肩(jian)胛(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)柄(bing)較(jiao)窄，肩(jian)峰突較(jiao)為高(gao)聳(song)，與肩(jian)胛(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)柄(bing)略(lve)呈90度夾(jia)角。魁紂(zhou)龍較(jiao)為纖細的(de)(de)肩(jian)帶(dai)(dai)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)骼與南方巨獸龍較(jiao)為粗(cu)(cu)壯的(de)(de)肩(jian)帶(dai)(dai)形成鮮明(ming)的(de)(de)對比，但是南方巨獸龍的(de)(de)烏(wu)喙骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)更(geng)為退化(hua)。保存的(de)(de)肱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和尺骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)表明(ming)魁紂(zhou)龍的(de)(de)前肢(zhi)較(jiao)短但是比較(jiao)粗(cu)(cu)壯。股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)厚實，具備鯊齒龍類的(de)(de)典型的(de)(de)共近(jin)裔性狀組合：股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)頭向(xiang)近(jin)端內(nei)側的(de)(de)方向(xiang)延申，腓骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)長(chang)度小于股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)長(chang)度的(de)(de)70%。魁紂(zhou)龍的(de)(de)股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)長(chang)度與南方巨獸龍接近(jin)，股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)柄(bing)的(de)(de)內(nei)外側向(xiang)寬度為16.5厘米。

歸入標(biao)本MPEF-PV 1157包含了(le)顴骨(gu)(gu)，右側齒骨(gu)(gu)，不(bu)關聯的(de)(de)(de)牙齒，寰(huan)椎，第(di)9節頸椎，第(di)7，10和13節背椎，不(bu)完整(zheng)保存的(de)(de)(de)1-5節合薦椎，一(yi)(yi)些(xie)不(bu)關聯的(de)(de)(de)遠端尾椎骨(gu)(gu)，肋骨(gu)(gu)，右側股骨(gu)(gu)，不(bu)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)二(er)跖骨(gu)(gu)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)二(er)腳(jiao)趾(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)二(er)指(zhi)節骨(gu)(gu)和第(di)三腳(jiao)趾(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)三指(zhi)節骨(gu)(gu)。歸入標(biao)本的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)型比正形標(biao)本更大。

歸(gui)入(ru)標本(ben)的(de)(de)齒(chi)骨長度(du)為68厘米，吻端(duan)的(de)(de)深度(du)為14厘米。齒(chi)骨聯合(he)處背(bei)腹向加深且呈方形。齒(chi)骨上(shang)大約(yue)有(you)16個(ge)齒(chi)槽(cao)。牙齒(chi)的(de)(de)遠中(zhong)脊唇側具有(you)邊(bian)(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)釉質褶皺，這一特征也存在于其(qi)它(ta)鯊齒(chi)龍類中(zhong)。牙齒(chi)前(qian)中(zhong)脊的(de)(de)鋸齒(chi)具有(you)二裂式(shi)的(de)(de)前(qian)邊(bian)(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)。二裂式(shi)的(de)(de)鋸齒(chi)邊(bian)(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)在巨齒(chi)龍類中(zhong)也有(you)發現。

分類位置

目前主流的(de)系(xi)(xi)統發(fa)育分(fen)析認為魁紂龍(long)(long)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)異特(te)龍(long)(long)超科的(de)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)類。在鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)類內部(bu)，它與鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)，馬普龍(long)(long)和(he)南方(fang)巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)形成(cheng)了一個小單系(xi)(xi)。這一單系(xi)(xi)的(de)成(cheng)員都具(ju)有異常巨(ju)大(da)的(de)體(ti)型，分(fen)別(bie)代(dai)表了岡瓦納古陸(lu)不同部(bu)分(fen)的(de)頂級捕食者(zhe)，且除(chu)了鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)發(fa)現于(yu)(yu)(yu)非洲(zhou)以(yi)外，其余(yu)成(cheng)員都發(fa)現于(yu)(yu)(yu)阿(a)根廷。魁紂龍(long)(long)是這一單系(xi)(xi)中最(zui)早出現的(de)成(cheng)員。

科學意義以及體型估算

根據估算，魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)長可(ke)以達到(dao)11.4-12米(mi)，甚(shen)至13米(mi)。體(ti)重(zhong)大(da)約為(wei)4.9-7噸。作為(wei)早期(qi)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南半球巨型(xing)(xing)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)古生物(wu)學家更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究中(zhong)晚白堊階(jie)段恐(kong)龍(long)(long)動物(wu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變。從阿普(pu)特期(qi)至塞諾曼期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段，岡瓦納古陸上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)(xing)獸腳(jiao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)主要包括大(da)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和棘龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，而植食性恐(kong)龍(long)(long)則(ze)以大(da)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泰坦巨龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和基(ji)干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梁(liang)龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)主。在(zai)北非地區還有(you)體(ti)長達到(dao)12米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鱷魚。在(zai)土倫期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期(qi)，大(da)型(xing)(xing)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和棘龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)在(zai)南美(mei)洲化(hua)石(shi)記(ji)錄中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現頻率減少。在(zai)南美(mei)洲，馬達加斯加和印度等(deng)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)石(shi)記(ji)錄中(zhong)取而代之的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是體(ti)型(xing)(xing)略小一些(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阿貝力龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。巧合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是，伴隨著這兩類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)大(da)型(xing)(xing)獸腳(jiao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消失，其(qi)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)動物(wu)也逐漸消失，包括大(da)頭(tou)鱷類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)（典型(xing)(xing)代表包括帝鱷），大(da)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)干禽龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)以及梁(liang)龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。

這(zhe)(zhe)種在(zai)(zai)南(nan)方大陸(lu)上出現的動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)群(qun)替(ti)換現象在(zai)(zai)北半(ban)(ban)球也(ye)平行出現。如以(yi)高棘(ji)龍(long)西(xi)亞茨龍(long)為代表的大型異特龍(long)類(lei)的消失(shi)，取而(er)代之的是大型暴龍(long)類(lei)。植食性(xing)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)方面，隨著泰坦巨龍(long)類(lei)和基干禽龍(long)類(lei)的消失(shi)，角龍(long)類(lei)和鴨嘴(zui)龍(long)逐漸(jian)繁盛(sheng)。這(zhe)(zhe)種在(zai)(zai)南(nan)半(ban)(ban)球和北半(ban)(ban)球平行發生(sheng)的動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)群(qun)替(ti)代現象說(shuo)明在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)一時期發生(sheng)了(le)全球性(xing)的生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing)變革(ge)事(shi)件。對(dui)于(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)一事(shi)件的詳細研究將(jiang)會使古(gu)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學家(jia)更加(jia)深入的了(le)解白(bai)堊(e)紀(ji)末大滅絕前的生(sheng)態變化。

生長與分布

丘布特魁紂龍是由奧尼拉斯·諾瓦(Fernando E.Novas)、Sil發現與種vina de Valais、帕特·里奇(Pat Vickers-Rich)、以及托(tuo)馬斯·里奇(Tom Rich)等人在2005年所敘述。魁紂龍的正模標本和副模標本被發現于阿根廷丘布(bu)特省帕索印第(di)歐東(dong)北方(fang)28公(gong)里的La Juanita牧場。該(gai)地方(fang)被認為屬于Cerro Barcino地層，地質年代為阿爾(er)必階，約1.08億年前的白堊紀早期(qi)到中(zhong)期(qi)。已有(you)兩個完整度(du)一般的骨骼化石標本被發現。

形態及特征

魁紂龍Tyrannotitan

魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)名字含義是(shi)"暴君巨(ju)人"，最大(da)體(ti)長可(ke)達12.5米，最大(da)體(ti)重(zhong)9.3噸。骨骼的(de)(de)(de)結構表明魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)親(qin)緣(yuan)關系(xi)屬(shu)于在南方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)和鯊齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)之間的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)，魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)屬(shu)于鯊齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)科(ke)，親(qin)緣(yuan)關系(xi)更接近南方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)和馬普龍(long)(long)(long)，并且(qie)與南方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)和馬普龍(long)(long)(long)共同(tong)組成(cheng)南方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)族(zu)，而(er)離鯊齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)相對較(jiao)遠。體(ti)重(zhong)指數和身體(ti)粗壯度(du)超過了除霸王龍(long)(long)(long)外的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有獸(shou)腳亞目和食(shi)肉恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)，但頭(tou)部比例比南方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)小一(yi)些，體(ti)重(zhong)指數和身體(ti)粗壯程度(du)在食(shi)肉恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)里僅次(ci)于霸王龍(long)(long)(long)。它(ta)有著(zhu)細(xi)小的(de)(de)(de)前肢和爪子(zi)，就像(xiang)白堊紀的(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)巨(ju)型掠食(shi)者--其他(ta)鯊齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)科(ke)，暴龍(long)(long)(long)科(ke)和阿貝力龍(long)(long)(long)科(ke)那樣。已發現了兩(liang)個完整度(du)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)骨骼化石(shi)。

體腔極寬

此外，在(zai)所有(you)獸腳亞目(mu)和(he)食(shi)(shi)肉(rou)(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)里，除(chu)了(le)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)霸王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)以外，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)發現的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)獸腳亞目(mu)里，按比例身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)最(zui)粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)厚重(zhong)(zhong)和(he)寬大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下)，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)數和(he)粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)程度(du)(du)僅僅次于霸王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)。一(yi)(yi)般個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)大概相當于同體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)霸王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)85%甚至(zhi)90%，股骨(gu)粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)、肩胛骨(gu)巨大、肋骨(gu)很粗(cu)(cu)厚、骨(gu)盆大、脊椎骨(gu)很寬，都使得(de)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)數和(he)身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)度(du)(du)，將(jiang)其他(ta)食(shi)(shi)肉(rou)(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(除(chu)霸王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long))遠遠甩在(zai)了(le)身(shen)后，同體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)腔(qiang)寬度(du)(du)和(he)身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)厚實度(du)(du)穩穩地超(chao)過了(le)其他(ta)獸腳亞目(mu)。魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)不僅僅是(shi)(shi)肉(rou)(rou)食(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)下目(mu)異(yi)特龍(long)(long)(long)(long)超(chao)科鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)科最(zui)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也是(shi)(shi)整個(ge)(ge)獸腳亞目(mu)、堅尾龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類、食(shi)(shi)肉(rou)(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)里第二壯(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)肉(rou)(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)。同體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)有(you)著霸王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)85-90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)，雖(sui)然(ran)粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)程度(du)(du)和(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)數還是(shi)(shi)遜色于霸王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)一(yi)(yi)些，但是(shi)(shi)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)最(zui)大個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)度(du)(du)按比例甚至(zhi)超(chao)過了(le)身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)較瘦的(de)(de)(de)(de)霸王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)如MOR555。

生活習性

和(he)(he)(he)絕(jue)大(da)(da)多數鯊齒龍科一(yi)樣(yang)，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍也被(bei)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)到巨型蜥(xi)腳(jiao)亞目恐(kong)龍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)食物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它(ta)們極快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撕(si)咬速度(du)、異常鋒(feng)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牙齒、大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咬合力以(yi)及張合度(du)很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嘴巴，很(hen)適合快速和(he)(he)(he)高(gao)頻率地撕(si)咬動作(zuo)緩慢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)型蜥(xi)腳(jiao)類(lei)恐(kong)龍，從獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)身上咬下皮肉，并且(qie)給獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)迅速地放血，以(yi)致獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)最終因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)傷勢過重倒下。而和(he)(he)(he)它(ta)們生活在同一(yi)地區和(he)(he)(he)時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)型蜥(xi)腳(jiao)類(lei)恐(kong)龍丘(qiu)布特龍，也被(bei)研究(jiu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)它(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要食物(wu)(wu)之一(yi)。除此之外，它(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近親(qin)(qin)高(gao)棘龍和(he)(he)(he)馬普(pu)龍都有(you)直接化石證據(ju)，顯示它(ta)們會采(cai)用群居(ju)團結的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，一(yi)起生活和(he)(he)(he)捕(bu)食，如同現今非(fei)洲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獅(shi)子一(yi)樣(yang)，因此，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍也被(bei)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)很(hen)可能具有(you)群居(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)性，但缺少(shao)直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化石證據(ju)來徹底證實這一(yi)點(dian)。和(he)(he)(he)其他近親(qin)(qin)一(yi)樣(yang)，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍也被(bei)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)到巨型蜥(xi)腳(jiao)亞目恐(kong)龍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要食物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

前肢研究

魁(kui)紂龍(long)的前(qian)肢和(he)自身(shen)相比，只能算是中等(deng)大小，前(qian)肢大小和(he)與自身(shen)比例總體和(he)近親高棘龍(long)大致(zhi)相當，但從(cong)比例和(he)絕對值(zhi)上來看，它(ta)(ta)(ta)的前(qian)肢大小和(he)力(li)量(liang)明(ming)顯(xian)超過了南方巨獸龍(long)和(he)馬普(pu)龍(long)，如果(guo)從(cong)絕對值(zhi)上看，魁(kui)紂龍(long)擁有著鯊齒龍(long)科最大的前(qian)肢和(he)爪(zhua)子(zi)。此外，科學家們(men)認為(wei)，魁(kui)紂龍(long)主要獵(lie)食和(he)搏(bo)斗，具有著大咬合力(li)的嘴巴是它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)的主力(li)武器，它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)很少(shao)會用(yong)到(dao)前(qian)肢和(he)爪(zhua)子(zi)來攻(gong)擊敵人(ren)，因此它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)長度較(jiao)長的頭(tou)部使得它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)的前(qian)肢位置較(jiao)為(wei)靠后(hou)，在(zai)獵(lie)殺(sha)和(he)戰(zhan)斗時，嘴巴比前(qian)肢爪(zhua)子(zi)更容易(yi)先攻(gong)擊到(dao)目標。

前肢活動

如同(tong)絕大部(bu)分其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)獸(shou)腳類(lei)恐龍(long)(long)(long)，魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)掌心無法接觸地面，因此前肢(zhi)沒有(you)支撐身體四足行走的(de)(de)(de)功能，前肢(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主要用(yong)途被(bei)認(ren)為是在獵食(shi)時(shi)用(yong)到(dao)。MPEF-PV 1156標本的(de)(de)(de)保存(cun)(cun)下來的(de)(de)(de)絕大部(bu)分前肢(zhi)骨骼，有(you)助于研究(jiu)魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)前肢(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)功能與活動(dong)范圍。一個研究(jiu)檢驗(yan)了骨頭(tou)與其(qi)相(xiang)連骨頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)表面，以計(ji)算(suan)關(guan)節能有(you)多(duo)少活動(dong)范圍，而不會關(guan)節脫位。如同(tong)許(xu)多(duo)現存(cun)(cun)初龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)，許(xu)多(duo)手(shou)部(bu)關(guan)節的(de)(de)(de)骨頭(tou)并(bing)沒有(you)完(wan)全相(xiang)吻(wen)合，顯示這(zhe)些(xie)關(guan)節有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)軟骨。這(zhe)個研究(jiu)并(bing)指(zhi)出當魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)休息(xi)時(shi)，前肢(zhi)會從肩膀下垂，肱骨微(wei)向(xiang)后(hou)擺，手(shou)肘(zhou)彎曲，指(zhi)爪朝內。

與人類相比，魁紂龍(long)的(de)肩(jian)膀(bang)的(de)轉動(dong)范圍(wei)很(hen)小。它們的(de)手臂(bei)(bei)(bei)無法(fa)(fa)做(zuo)出360°的(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉幅(fu)度(du)，但(dan)(dan)可后(hou)擺(bai)至(zhi)(zhi)離垂(chui)直(zhi)面約109°，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)肱(gong)骨(gu)可以(yi)(yi)后(hou)擺(bai)至(zhi)(zhi)斜微(wei)上(shang)方。手臂(bei)(bei)(bei)可以(yi)(yi)前轉至(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)過垂(chui)直(zhi)面約25°。手臂(bei)(bei)(bei)往(wang)無法(fa)(fa)垂(chui)直(zhi)地(di)往(wang)下擺(bai)，但(dan)(dan)可外展至(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)于水平(ping)面約9°。與人類相比，手肘的(de)活動(dong)范圍(wei)也很(hen)小，大約只(zhi)有57°的(de)轉動(dong)幅(fu)度(du)。手臂(bei)(bei)(bei)無法(fa)(fa)完全地(di)180度(du)伸直(zhi)，也無法(fa)(fa)大幅(fu)彎(wan)曲，而肱(gong)骨(gu)不(bu)能做(zuo)出90°彎(wan)曲。橈(rao)骨(gu)與尺骨(gu)互(hu)相固定(ding)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)無法(fa)(fa)如人類的(de)前臂(bei)(bei)(bei)，做(zuo)出往(wang)內側或外側旋(xuan)(xuan)轉的(de)動(dong)作。

每(mei)個腕(wan)骨之間沒有準確地相接合，顯示手(shou)(shou)(shou)腕(wan)有大量的(de)軟骨，可(ke)使手(shou)(shou)(shou)腕(wan)堅韌。當手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)外扳(ban)時，能幾乎碰觸到手(shou)(shou)(shou)腕(wan)。手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)內(nei)彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)時，第(di)一指(zhi)(zhi)能與(yu)第(di)二指(zhi)(zhi)平行(xing)，第(di)三(san)指(zhi)(zhi)只能內(nei)彎(wan)(wan)。第(di)一指(zhi)(zhi)的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)爪(zhua)最(zui)(zui)大，而(er)且(qie)總是往內(nei)彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)。第(di)二指(zhi)(zhi)爪(zhua)也總是彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)的(de)，而(er)最(zui)(zui)小的(de)第(di)三(san)指(zhi)(zhi)爪(zhua)則可(ke)往內(nei)側、外側擺動。

除(chu)了計算前(qian)(qian)(qian)肢關節的(de)(de)活動范圍(wei)以外，這個研(yan)究(jiu)還提出(chu)了魁紂龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)獵(lie)(lie)食習性假設。它們的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)肢的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)擺幅度不大，遠距離時無法(fa)(fa)勾抓到獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)背(bei)部(bu)。因此(ci)前(qian)(qian)(qian)肢無法(fa)(fa)在與獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)較遠距離時派上(shang)用場，魁紂龍(long)(long)應(ying)當會(hui)主要(yao)(yao)使用嘴(zui)部(bu)來獵(lie)(lie)食。此(ci)外，前(qian)(qian)(qian)肢無法(fa)(fa)先(xian)一步于嘴(zui)部(bu)先(xian)碰(peng)觸到獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，只(zhi)有當嘴(zui)部(bu)咬(yao)住(zhu)獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)時，強壯的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)肢才能將獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)拉近(jin)、緊緊抓住(zhu)，防止獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)逃(tao)脫(tuo)。當獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)企圖逃(tao)脫(tuo)時，魁紂龍(long)(long)可(ke)用彎(wan)曲的(de)(de)第(di)一、第(di)二指爪(zhua)刺住(zhu)獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)身(shen)體(ti)。手(shou)指的(de)(de)大幅外扳幅度是(shi)種演(yan)化適應(ying)，可(ke)讓魁紂龍(long)(long)不需要(yao)(yao)冒著手(shou)指關節脫(tuo)臼的(de)(de)風險就(jiu)能抓住(zhu)掙(zheng)扎的(de)(de)獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。一旦獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)被緊抓到身(shen)體(ti)旁，魁紂龍(long)(long)便(bian)可(ke)以用嘴(zui)巴對(dui)其造成致命的(de)(de)撕咬(yao)傷。

價值及其他

物種學史

2014年5月，在(zai)阿根廷丘布(bu)特省，發現了(le)保存很完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)型蜥腳類恐(kong)龍(long)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，包括兩(liang)具(ju)比較完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)和(he)一(yi)些零(ling)散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四肢骨骼和(he)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)恐(kong)龍(long)被(bei)命名為(wei)(wei)馬約(yue)氏·巴(ba)塔哥巨(ju)龍(long)Patagotitan mayorum，隨即，幾乎(hu)在(zai)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)時間，該地區又發現了(le)200多塊(kuai)其(qi)他古生(sheng)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)。據當地博(bo)物館(guan)古生(sheng)物學家何塞·路易(yi)斯·卡爾巴(ba)利多表示，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)應屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)至少7只恐(kong)龍(long)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)中包括了(le)55顆鯊齒(chi)龍(long)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)、1顆阿貝力(li)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)和(he)1顆馳(chi)龍(long)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)。雖然這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)與魁紂(zhou)龍(long)發現于(yu)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)組，但(dan)該組跨度較長(chang)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)與魁紂(zhou)龍(long)不(bu)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)段，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)所(suo)屬(shu)(shu)地層的(de)(de)(de)(de)年代被(bei)發現為(wei)(wei)白堊(e)紀中期的(de)(de)(de)(de)森諾曼階，魁紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地層被(bei)發現屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)阿爾布(bu)階時期。因為(wei)(wei)時間和(he)魁紂(zhou)龍(long)并(bing)不(bu)一(yi)致，所(suo)以這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)并(bing)不(bu)一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)魁紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，而是(shi)(shi)來自于(yu)一(yi)個新(xin)物種(zhong)。

名字含義

魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字(zi)含(han)(han)義(yi)為(wei)，"巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)君(jun)蜥蜴"，也可以(yi)譯為(wei)"暴(bao)君(jun)泰坦"或"暴(bao)君(jun)巨人(ren)(ren)"，意(yi)(yi)指其駭(hai)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體型(xing)以(yi)及(ji)粗壯厚實的(de)(de)(de)(de)恐怖外表。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)它(ta)(ta)們所(suo)(suo)生存的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代(dai)里，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)無疑是(shi)(shi)頂級掠食(shi)(shi)者和(he)當(dang)之無愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)霸主(zhu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)它(ta)(ta)們所(suo)(suo)統(tong)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)國(guo)里無疑是(shi)(shi)令所(suo)(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)草恐龍(long)(long)都(dou)(dou)聞風喪膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘暴(bao)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)。除此之外，在(zai)(zai)(zai)它(ta)(ta)們生活時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阿根廷，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)它(ta)(ta)們所(suo)(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)領域里無可爭議、至高無上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)霸王(wang)(wang)，令所(suo)(suo)有(you)食(shi)(shi)草的(de)(de)(de)(de)恐龍(long)(long)全(quan)都(dou)(dou)因為(wei)它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現和(he)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)而感到恐懼，在(zai)(zai)(zai)屬于它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代(dai)，根據它(ta)(ta)們強有(you)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)頜骨以(yi)及(ji)它(ta)(ta)們至高無上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態位置(zhi)，科學家們幾乎一致(zhi)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)捕食(shi)(shi)過(guo)程和(he)方式(shi)也一定(ding)相當(dang)地兇殘和(he)血腥，如果是(shi)(shi)霸王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)白(bai)堊(e)紀末期(qi)北美洲(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)君(jun)，那么將(jiang)魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)形容為(wei)白(bai)堊(e)紀早期(qi)到中期(qi)南美洲(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)君(jun)，絲毫不為(wei)過(guo)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)科學界被一致(zhi)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)很有(you)意(yi)(yi)思的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)和(he)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)霸王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字(zi)含(han)(han)義(yi)極其相似(si)，霸王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字(zi)含(han)(han)義(yi)為(wei)"暴(bao)君(jun)蜥蜴之王(wang)(wang)"，而魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字(zi)含(han)(han)義(yi)是(shi)(shi)"暴(bao)君(jun)泰坦"。

化石標本

魁(kui)紂龍的正(zheng)模標本(編號MPEF-PV 1156)包含(han):部分(fen)齒骨(gu)、牙齒、第3到8個與第11到14個背椎(zhui)、脈弧、一(yi)個肩胛喙軟骨(gu)、肱骨(gu)、尺(chi)骨(gu)、部分(fen)腸骨(gu)、一(yi)個接近完整(zheng)的股骨(gu)、腓骨(gu)、以及(ji)左跖(zhi)骨(gu)。長度為12米，體重8噸。

副模標本(編(bian)號(hao)MPEF-PV 1157)包含(han):顴骨(gu)、一個(ge)右齒(chi)(chi)骨(gu)、牙齒(chi)(chi)、寰(huan)椎(zhui)(包含(han)髓突(tu))、第9個(ge)頸椎(zhui)、背椎(zhui)(第7、第10、第13個(ge))、固(gu)定的薦椎(zhui)(總共5個(ge))、肋骨(gu)、右股骨(gu)、一個(ge)破碎(sui)的左跖(zhi)骨(gu)、以及三個(ge)趾骨(gu)(2-1、2-2、3-3)。體長(chang)12.5米，體重9.3噸。

魁(kui)紂龍(long)的標(biao)準特征為:小齒從中脊裂成兩個部(bu)分(fen)、沿著齒骨后部(bu)表面有個次要溝槽、背(bei)部(bu)神(shen)經棘有韌帶嵌入的痕跡。

主(zhu)要特征:肩(jian)胛骨巨(ju)大，體(ti)腔很寬，身體(ti)非常粗壯(zhuang)和厚實，骨骼構造異常寬和大，體(ti)形(xing)粗壯(zhuang)。

古生物學

魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)小(xiao)齒(chi)的(de)中央(yang)有可辨認的(de)齒(chi)溝，將每(mei)個小(xiao)齒(chi)分(fen)成兩(liang)部分(fen)。不(bu)像已(yi)知(zhi)的(de)其他鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)科恐龍(long)(long)，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)薦椎與尾椎缺乏空腔。而魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)肩胛喙軟(ruan)骨已(yi)被固定住，并發展得比卡洛(luo)琳南(nan)方巨獸龍(long)(long)的(de)還好(hao)。

但大部(bu)分的(de)肩(jian)(jian)胛(jia)(jia)骨(gu)干部(bu)的(de)化石(shi)已經缺失。肩(jian)(jian)峰(Acromion)與(yu)軸干之間大約有90度的(de)彎曲(qu)，使這個部(bu)位看起來(lai)稍微類似暴龍(long)科恐龍(long)。在咬合力和撕(si)咬速度上，由于魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)頭骨(gu)相對較(jiao)小(xiao)而(er)且身(shen)體結構(gou)較(jiao)原始，所以不如南方巨獸(shou)龍(long)和馬普龍(long)。此外，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)整體身(shen)體都呈(cheng)粗壯、厚實、寬大的(de)形態，特別是肩(jian)(jian)胛(jia)(jia)骨(gu)和胸腔以及后肢。

科學分類

在(zai)2005年(nian)(nian)發(fa)現(xian)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)里亞(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)親緣(yuan)(yuan)分支(zhi)分類(lei)法研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)明(ming)了(le)(le)(le)魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬(shu)于(yu)鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，而(er)它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)近(jin)(jin)親南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)股骨上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構物(wu)顯示它(ta)們(men)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血緣(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)很接(jie)近(jin)(jin)，而(er)離鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠一(yi)(yi)些。科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)里亞(ya)與(yu)(yu)柯爾根(gen)據這層(ceng)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，提出一(yi)(yi)個新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)群分類(lei)，南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。該(gai)亞(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義(yi)為(wei):在(zai)鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)之中(zhong)，親緣(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)較(jiao)接(jie)近(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)與(yu)(yu)馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，而(er)離鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有物(wu)種。魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)暫時被分類(lei)于(yu)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，需要更詳(xiang)細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敘述才(cai)能做(zuo)更正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分類(lei)。經過(guo)2013年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重新研(yan)究(jiu)，特別是對魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨骼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詳(xiang)細(xi)研(yan)究(jiu)，發(fa)現(xian)魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以及(ji)馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)更為(wei)接(jie)近(jin)(jin)，而(er)離鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠一(yi)(yi)點，隨后，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)界(jie)廢除了(le)(le)(le)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，建立了(le)(le)(le)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族(zu)，包括了(le)(le)(le)分布在(zai)阿根(gen)廷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)型鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，將(jiang)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)分入該(gai)族(zu),并且將(jiang)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)歸入鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(Carcharodontosaurinae)之中(zhong)，代表(biao)著(zhu)鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)親緣(yuan)(yuan)十分接(jie)近(jin)(jin)，并構成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個血緣(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)很接(jie)近(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演化支(zhi)。根(gen)據魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)所表(biao)現(xian)出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征，古生物(wu)學(xue)家認為(wei)其(qi)屬(shu)于(yu)鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)-鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)-南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族(zu)，其(qi)與(yu)(yu)馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有著(zhu)很近(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)親緣(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。