電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式(shi)(shi)全(quan)解 電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)

電動汽車常用充電模式

一、常規充電

1）概念：蓄電池在(zai)放電終止(zhi)后，應(ying)立即充電（在(zai)特(te)殊情況下也(ye)不應(ying)超過24h），充電電流相當低(di)，大(da)小約為15A，這(zhe)種充電(dian)(dian)叫(jiao)做常規充電(dian)(dian)（普通充電(dian)(dian)）。常規蓄電(dian)(dian)池的充電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)都采用小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的恒(heng)壓或恒(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)，一般充電(dian)(dian)時間為5-8小時，甚(shen)至長達10至20多(duo)個小時。

2）優缺點(dian)：因為所用功率(lv)和電(dian)(dian)流的(de)額定值(zhi)并(bing)不(bu)關(guan)鍵(jian)，因此充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器和安裝(zhuang)成(cheng)本比較低(di)；可(ke)充(chong)(chong)分利用電(dian)力低谷時(shi)段進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，降低充(chong)(chong)電(dian)成本；可(ke)提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)效率和延(yan)長(chang)電(dian)池的使用壽命。常規充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式的主要(yao)缺點(dian)為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間過長(chang)，有緊急運行需(xu)求時(shi)難以滿足。

二、快速充電

快速充電又稱應急充電，是以較大電流短時間在電動汽車停車的20分(fen)鐘至2小時內，為(wei)其(qi)提(ti)供短時充(chong)電服務，一(yi)般充(chong)電電流(liu)為(wei)150～400A。

1）概念：常規蓄電(dian)池的充電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)一般(ban)時間(jian)較長，給實際使用帶來許多不(bu)便。快速充電(dian)電(dian)池的出(chu)現，為純電(dian)動汽車的商業化提供了技術支持。

2）優缺點：充(chong)電時間短；充電電池壽命長（可充電2000次以(yi)上）；沒有記憶性，可以大容量充電及放電，在幾分鐘內就可充70%～80%的電；由于充電在短時間內（約為10-15分(fen)鐘）就能使電(dian)池儲電(dian)量(liang)達到80%-90%，與(yu)加油時(shi)(shi)間(jian)相仿，因此，建(jian)設相應充電(dian)(dian)站時(shi)(shi)可不配備(bei)大面積停車場(chang)。但(dan)是，相對常(chang)規充電(dian)(dian)模式，快速充電(dian)(dian)也(ye)存(cun)在(zai)一定的缺(que)點：充電(dian)(dian)器充電(dian)(dian)效率(lv)較低(di)，應的工(gong)作和安裝成(cheng)本較高，充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大，特別(bie)考慮。

三、機械充電

1）概念：即電池(chi)組快速(su)(su)更換系統。通過直接更換電動汽車的(de)電池(chi)組來達到(dao)為(wei)其充電的(de)目的(de)。由(you)于(yu)電池(chi)組重(zhong)量較大，更換電池(chi)的(de)專業化要(yao)求較強，需配備專業人(ren)員借助專業機械來快速(su)(su)完成電池(chi)的(de)更換、充電和維護。

2）優缺點：電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)戶可(ke)租用(yong)充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，更換(huan)已經耗盡的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，有利(li)于提高車(che)輛使(shi)用(yong)效率，也提高了用(yong)戶使(shi)用(yong)的(de)方便性和快捷(jie)性；對更(geng)換下來的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可以(yi)利(li)用低(di)谷時段進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，降低(di)了(le)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)，提(ti)高了(le)車輛運行(xing)(xing)經(jing)濟性；解(jie)決(jue)了(le)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間乃(nai)至蓄(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)質量(liang)、續(xu)駛里程長及價格等難題；可以(yi)及時發現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組中單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)問題，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)修工作，對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)維(wei)護工作將(jiang)具有積極意(yi)義，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度的(de)降低(di)也將(jiang)有利(li)于(yu)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命。