電(dian)動(dong)汽車電(dian)池充電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)全解 電(dian)動(dong)汽車充電(dian)方(fang)式(shi)

電動汽車常用充電模式

一、常規充電

1）概(gai)念：蓄電池在放電終止(zhi)后(hou)，應立(li)即充(chong)電（在特殊情(qing)況(kuang)下也不(bu)應超(chao)過24h），充電(dian)電(dian)流相當低，大(da)小約為15A，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)叫(jiao)做常規充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）。常規蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法都采用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的恒壓(ya)或(huo)恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，一般充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)為5-8小時(shi)，甚至長達10至20多(duo)個小時(shi)。

2）優缺點：因為(wei)所(suo)用功率和(he)(he)電流的額定(ding)值(zhi)并不關鍵，因此充(chong)電器和(he)(he)安裝成本(ben)比較低；可充分利用(yong)電力低谷時(shi)段進(jin)行(xing)充電，降(jiang)低充電成本；可提高充電效率和延長電池的使用(yong)壽命。常(chang)規充電模式的主要缺(que)點為(wei)充電時(shi)間(jian)過長，有緊(jin)急運行(xing)需求時(shi)難以滿足(zu)。

二、快速充電

快速充電又稱應急充電，是以較大電流短時間在電動汽車停車的20分鐘至2小時(shi)內，為(wei)其提(ti)供短時(shi)充電服(fu)務，一般充電電流為(wei)150～400A。

1）概念：常規蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法一般時間較長(chang)，給實際(ji)使用帶來許多不(bu)便(bian)。快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)出現，為純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)商(shang)業化提(ti)供了(le)技(ji)術(shu)支持。

2）優缺點：充電(dian)時間(jian)短；充電電池壽命長（可充電2000次以上）；沒有記憶性，可以大容量充電及放電，在幾分鐘內就可充70%～80%的電(dian)；由于充電在短時間內（約為10-15分鐘）就能(neng)使電池儲電量達到80%-90%，與加油時(shi)間(jian)相(xiang)仿(fang)，因此，建設(she)相(xiang)應充電站時(shi)可不配備大面積停車場。但(dan)是(shi)，相(xiang)對常規充電模式(shi)，快速充電也存在(zai)一(yi)定的(de)缺(que)點：充電器充電效(xiao)率較(jiao)低(di)，應的(de)工作和安裝(zhuang)成本較(jiao)高，充電電流大，特別考(kao)慮。

三、機械充電

1）概念：即電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)快速更換(huan)系統。通(tong)過(guo)直接更換(huan)電(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)來達(da)到為其(qi)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)目的(de)。由于(yu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)重量較(jiao)大，更換(huan)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業化(hua)要求較(jiao)強，需配(pei)備專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業人員借助專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業機械來快速完成電(dian)池(chi)的(de)更換(huan)、充(chong)電(dian)和維(wei)護。

2）優缺(que)點：電(dian)(dian)動汽車用(yong)(yong)戶可租用(yong)(yong)充滿電(dian)(dian)的蓄電(dian)(dian)池，更換已經(jing)耗盡的蓄電(dian)(dian)池，有利于提高(gao)車輛(liang)使用(yong)(yong)效率，也提高(gao)了用(yong)(yong)戶使用(yong)(yong)的方便性(xing)(xing)和快捷性(xing)(xing)；對更換下來(lai)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以利用低(di)谷時段進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，提高了(le)車輛(liang)運行經濟性；解決(jue)了(le)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間乃至(zhi)蓄(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)(liang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、續駛里程長(chang)及(ji)價(jia)格等難題(ti)；可以及(ji)時發現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)中單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)問題(ti)，進行維(wei)修工作，對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)維(wei)護工作將具有積極意義，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度的(de)降(jiang)低(di)也將有利于提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽命。