【銅(tong)的密(mi)度(du)】銅(tong)的密(mi)度(du)是多少 各種(zhong)銅(tong)的密(mi)度(du)匯總
銅密度
銅密度是多少呢?銅的化學符號為Cu,是一種過渡金屬(shu)。銅有(you)很多(duo)分(fen)類。如果銅含量(liang)達到99.5~99.95%,那么就是純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)了。純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)叫做“紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”或者“紅銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”,一(yi)般分為(wei)(wei)無(wu)氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、有氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)特種銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)呈(cheng)現紫色,因(yin)此(ci)被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)“紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。如果是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)鋅所(suo)組(zu)成的(de)合金,那么就是黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)了。以(yi)鎳為(wei)(wei)主要添加元素的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)合金,就是吧白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)了,白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)呈(cheng)銀白(bai)色,有金屬光(guang)澤,故(gu)名白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原指銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錫合金﹐后除(chu)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)﹑白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)以(yi)外(wai)的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金均稱青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。那么不同的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)密度(du)當然是不一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)了。我們先來說(shuo)說(shuo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)密度(du)的(de)定義吧。
銅密度的定義:銅(tong)的(de)質量與(yu)銅(tong)體(ti)積的(de)比值就叫作銅(tong)密(mi)度。
銅密度符號和單位:通常用“ρ”(讀做rōu)表示,單位為g/cm3,正確讀法是克每立方厘米。還有一種不常(chang)用(yong)的單位是kg/dm3,讀(du)作千克(ke)每立方分米。它(ta)們之間的換(huan)算關系:lg/cm3=1kg/dm3=103kg/m3。
銅密度的公式:
1、銅密(mi)度的公(gong)式:ρ=m/V,ρ=dm/dV(ρ表示(shi)密(mi)度、m表示(shi)質(zhi)量、V表示(shi)體積)
2、銅密度公式變形:V=m/ρ,m=ρV,m=∫ρ(V)dV。
3、質量(liang)m可以(yi)用天平測量(liang),液體和形狀不規(gui)則的固體的體積(ji)v可以(yi)用量(liang)筒或(huo)量(liang)杯(bei)測量(liang)。
4、物質(zhi)的密度是一定的,它不(bu)隨(sui)體(ti)積和質(zhi)量的變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua),不(bu)同牌號的銅密度也是不(bu)隨(sui)體(ti)積變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua)的。
銅密度測量的稱量法:
1、準備(bei):天平、量筒、水、銅、細繩。
2、步驟(zou):
(1)用天平稱(cheng)出金屬塊的(de)質量m
(2)往量(liang)筒中注入適量(liang)水,讀出體積為V1
(3)用細繩(sheng)系住(zhu)銅塊放(fang)入(ru)量(liang)筒中(zhong),浸沒,讀出體積為V2
3、計算:銅(tong)密度(du)測(ce)量公式(shi)
4、此測量(liang)法只針對實心銅。
銅密度測量的比重杯法:
1、準備(bei):燒(shao)杯、水、銅、天平
2、步驟:
(1)往燒(shao)杯裝滿水,放(fang)在(zai)天(tian)平上稱出(chu)質量為m1;
(2)將銅塊(kuai)輕輕放入(ru)水中,溢出(chu)部分水,再將燒杯放在(zai)天平上(shang)稱出(chu)質量為m2;
(3)將(jiang)銅塊取出(chu),把燒杯放在天平上稱(cheng)出(chu)燒杯和剩下水的質(zhi)量m3。
3、計算表達式:ρ=ρ水(m2-m3)/(m1-m3)
純銅密度、黃銅密度、青銅密度、白銅密度:
1、純銅(tong)(tong),無(wu)氧銅(tong)(tong)的(de)密(mi)度(du)是8.9(g/cm3),磷(lin)脫氧銅(tong)(tong)的(de)密(mi)度(du)是8.89(g/cm3)。
2、加工(gong)黃銅的密度是(shi)8.5-8.8(g/cm3),鑄造黃銅的密度是(shi)7.7-8.55(g/cm3)。
3、加工(gong)青銅的(de)密(mi)度(du)是(shi)7.5-8.9(g/cm3),鑄造青銅的(de)密(mi)度(du)是(shi)7.45-9.54(g/cm3)。
4、白銅的密度是8.4-8.9(g/cm3)。
常用銅密度表:
注:表為加工后密度:紫銅包括脫氧(yang)銅8.94g/cm3