【銅的密(mi)度】銅的密(mi)度是多少(shao) 各種銅的密(mi)度匯(hui)總
銅密度
銅密度是多少呢?銅的化學符號為Cu,是一種過渡金屬。銅有(you)很多分類(lei)。如(ru)果(guo)銅含量達到99.5~99.95%,那么就(jiu)是(shi)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)了(le)。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也叫做“紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”或者“紅銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”,一(yi)般分為無(wu)氧(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、有氧(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)特種銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)因為呈(cheng)現紫(zi)色,因此被稱為“紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。如果是(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)鋅所組成的(de)(de)合金,那么就(jiu)是(shi)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)了(le)。以鎳為主要添(tian)加元素的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基合金,就(jiu)是(shi)吧(ba)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)了(le),白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)呈(cheng)銀白(bai)(bai)色,有金屬光澤,故名(ming)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原指銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錫合金﹐后除黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)﹑白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)以外的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金均稱青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。那么不同(tong)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)密(mi)度當然是(shi)不一(yi)樣的(de)(de)了(le)。我(wo)們(men)先(xian)來說說銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)密(mi)度的(de)(de)定義吧(ba)。
銅密度的定義:銅的(de)(de)質量與銅體積(ji)的(de)(de)比(bi)值就(jiu)叫作銅密度。
銅密度符號和單位:通常用“ρ”(讀做rōu)表示(shi),單位為g/cm3,正確讀法是克每立(li)方厘(li)米。還有一(yi)種不常用的(de)單位是kg/dm3,讀作千克每立方分米。它們之間的換算關系:lg/cm3=1kg/dm3=103kg/m3。
銅密度的公式:
1、銅(tong)密度(du)的公(gong)式:ρ=m/V,ρ=dm/dV(ρ表示(shi)密度(du)、m表示(shi)質量(liang)、V表示(shi)體積)
2、銅密度公(gong)式變形(xing):V=m/ρ,m=ρV,m=∫ρ(V)dV。
3、質量(liang)m可以用(yong)(yong)天平測量(liang),液體(ti)和形狀不規則(ze)的固(gu)體(ti)的體(ti)積(ji)v可以用(yong)(yong)量(liang)筒或量(liang)杯測量(liang)。
4、物質的(de)密(mi)度是一定的(de),它不隨(sui)體積(ji)和質量的(de)變化而(er)變化,不同牌號(hao)的(de)銅密(mi)度也是不隨(sui)體積(ji)變化而(er)變化的(de)。
銅密度測量的稱量法:
1、準備:天平、量筒、水(shui)、銅、細(xi)繩。
2、步驟:
(1)用天平稱(cheng)出金屬塊的質量m
(2)往量筒中注(zhu)入適量水(shui),讀出體積為(wei)V1
(3)用細繩系住銅塊放(fang)入量筒中,浸沒,讀出體積為V2
3、計算(suan):銅密度測量(liang)公式
4、此測量法(fa)只(zhi)針對實心銅。
銅密度測量的比重杯法:
1、準備:燒杯(bei)、水、銅、天平
2、步驟:
(1)往燒杯裝滿水,放在(zai)天(tian)平上(shang)稱出質量為m1;
(2)將(jiang)銅塊(kuai)輕(qing)輕(qing)放入水(shui)中,溢出(chu)(chu)部(bu)分水(shui),再將(jiang)燒杯放在天平上稱(cheng)出(chu)(chu)質量為m2;
(3)將(jiang)銅塊取出(chu),把(ba)燒杯放在天平上稱出(chu)燒杯和剩下水的(de)質量m3。
3、計(ji)算表達式:ρ=ρ水(shui)(m2-m3)/(m1-m3)
純銅密度、黃銅密度、青銅密度、白銅密度:
1、純銅(tong),無氧銅(tong)的(de)密(mi)度是(shi)8.9(g/cm3),磷(lin)脫(tuo)氧銅(tong)的(de)密(mi)度是(shi)8.89(g/cm3)。
2、加(jia)工(gong)黃銅(tong)的(de)密度(du)是(shi)8.5-8.8(g/cm3),鑄(zhu)造(zao)黃銅(tong)的(de)密度(du)是(shi)7.7-8.55(g/cm3)。
3、加工(gong)青銅的密度是(shi)7.5-8.9(g/cm3),鑄造青銅的密度是(shi)7.45-9.54(g/cm3)。
4、白銅(tong)的密度是8.4-8.9(g/cm3)。
常用銅密度表:
注:表為加工后密度:紫(zi)銅包(bao)括脫氧(yang)銅8.94g/cm3