【花(hua)生(sheng)收(shou)獲(huo)機(ji)(ji)】花(hua)生(sheng)收(shou)獲(huo)機(ji)(ji)分類 花(hua)生(sheng)收(shou)獲(huo)機(ji)(ji)常見(jian)故障排除(chu)方法
花生收獲機的主要分類
1.花生挖掘鏟
這類機型大多為拖拉機懸掛式或畜力牽引式的雙翼鏟,也有對稱配置的兩個單翼鏟。收獲作業時,挖掘鏟將埋深約10cm的主根切斷,使花生沿鏟面升出地面鋪放成條,鏟后面有縱向排列的柵條,以便漏除泥土。鋪條的花生由人工收集或(huo)用(yong)機械撿拾后摘下莢果。
2.花生收獲機
這種收獲機適用(yong)含水量為10%~18%的(de)砂壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)花生(sheng)地。作業時,挖(wa)掘鏟將(jiang)花生(sheng)連(lian)同土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)鏟起,在拋土(tu)輪和撥送輪的(de)拋擊(ji)作用(yong)下,土(tu)塊(kuai)被打(da)碎并漏走一部分(fen),然后經(jing)3個(ge)分(fen)土(tu)輪的(de)指桿(gan)連(lian)續拋擲,將(jiang)細(xi)土(tu)塊(kuai)和碎土(tu)粒(li)通(tong)(tong)過圓弧形條桿(gan)篩(shai)排(pai)出,花生(sheng)莢果(guo)(guo)及(ji)少量細(xi)根與細(xi)土(tu)則被拋至擺動式清選篩(shai),細(xi)土(tu)等通(tong)(tong)過篩(shai)孔排(pai)出,花生(sheng)果(guo)(guo)由篩(shai)面滑入兩側的(de)果(guo)(guo)箱內。
3.花生摘果機
用于(yu)從藤蔓(man)(man)和根系上摘下(xia)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)莢果(guo)(guo)。在(zai)中國有(you)兩種(zhong)機型:一種(zhong)為釘(ding)齒(chi)(chi)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)與(yu)凹板(ban)式,同(tong)釘(ding)齒(chi)(chi)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)式脫粒裝置相似(si),脫下(xia)的(de)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)經(jing)凹板(ban)篩孔漏下(xia),經(jing)風扇(shan)氣流清(qing)除雜物(wu)后(hou)落(luo)(luo)入(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)箱,適于(yu)北方(fang)晾干的(de)帶(dai)蔓(man)(man)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng);另一種(zhong)是(shi)使花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)通過兩個相對旋轉的(de)釘(ding)齒(chi)(chi)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)間(jian)隙(xi)脫果(guo)(guo),脫下(xia)的(de)莢果(guo)(guo)落(luo)(luo)到(dao)振動(dong)篩上,在(zai)風扇(shan)氣流的(de)配合下(xia)清(qing)除雜物(wu)后(hou)落(luo)(luo)入(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)箱,適于(yu)南方(fang)叢生(sheng)(sheng)蔓(man)(man)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)。
4.花生聯合收獲機
一(yi)次完成花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)挖掘或(huo)拔(ba)取(qu)、分離泥(ni)土(tu)以及摘(zhai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)、清選等(deng)作(zuo)業。有兩(liang)種機(ji)型(xing):一(yi)是(shi)挖掘式。采(cai)用(yong)三角形(xing)挖掘鏟把花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)連同(tong)(tong)(tong)泥(ni)土(tu)鏟起(qi),經(jing)分土(tu)輪(lun)分離出(chu)大量泥(ni)土(tu)后,再經(jing)輸(shu)送(song)(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)送(song)(song)入(ru)摘(zhai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二是(shi)拔(ba)取(qu)式。由每行(xing)一(yi)對(dui)環形(xing)夾(jia)持輸(shu)送(song)(song)膠帶夾(jia)持花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)莖(jing)蔓后,連同(tong)(tong)(tong)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)拔(ba)起(qi),經(jing)輸(shu)送(song)(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)送(song)(song)入(ru)摘(zhai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)于砂土(tu)地叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蔓花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收獲(huo)。這兩(liang)種機(ji)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)摘(zhai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)用(yong)兩(liang)個(ge)或(huo)多個(ge)串列的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)齒(chi)滾(gun)筒(tong)和凹板,滾(gun)筒(tong)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)齒(chi)將花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)莢果(guo)(guo)(guo)梳脫,并伸入(ru)凹板槽縫(feng)以降低花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蔓莖(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通過(guo)速度。清選裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)摘(zhai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)機(ji)上同(tong)(tong)(tong)類裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)似。
花生收獲機常見故障排除方法
1.機身不穩:
機(ji)(ji)器振動可能(neng)是由于收(shou)獲機(ji)(ji)兩側挖(wa)掘(jue)鏟(chan)的(de)擺(bai)(bai)幅(fu)不一致(zhi),也可能(neng)是挖(wa)掘(jue)鏟(chan)碰撞后檔板出現(xian)機(ji)(ji)器震動。此時,只要(yao)調(diao)節兩側挖(wa)掘(jue)鏟(chan)的(de)擺(bai)(bai)幅(fu),即(ji)通過調(diao)節連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)長(chang)度來調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),就(jiu)可解決機(ji)(ji)器震動問(wen)題。三角帶前面的(de)連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)負(fu)責左(zuo)面挖(wa)掘(jue)鏟(chan)的(de)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),兩個立軸中間的(de)連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)負(fu)責右面挖(wa)掘(jue)鏟(chan)的(de)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)時,將收(shou)獲機(ji)(ji)提離(li)地面,并(bing)使拖拉機(ji)(ji)怠速運轉,把(ba)連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)鎖緊(jin)螺母松開,調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相應的(de)連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)(gan),注意觀察兩面挖(wa)掘(jue)鏟(chan)的(de)擺(bai)(bai)動幅(fu)度,以兩邊刪條不碰防護板為宜(yi),直至調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)到擺(bai)(bai)幅(fu)一致(zhi),然后將螺母鎖緊(jin)。
2.脫土不好:
是指(zhi)收獲后的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)生上還帶有(you)(you)泥土(tu)(tu)沒有(you)(you)抖落干凈,其原(yuan)因是挖掘鏟入(ru)土(tu)(tu)過深導致擺動強度(du)減(jian)小造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de),可(ke)以通(tong)過調整中央拉桿長度(du),提高挖掘鏟入(ru)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)深度(du)。適當縮短(duan)中央拉桿的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)長度(du),使(shi)刪條后端離開地面3~5cm,可(ke)解(jie)決這一故障。
3.掉果多:
花生果落在地里,需要一粒一粒的(de)(de)(de)撿起,因此,一旦(dan)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)落果現(xian)(xian)象(xiang),需要及時解決。落果多是因為挖掘鏟提得太高造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de),可以采用調(diao)節中央拉(la)桿的(de)(de)(de)方法來(lai)調(diao)整。與脫土不好的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節方法相(xiang)反,將中央拉(la)桿的(de)(de)(de)長度延長,即可解決掉(diao)果多的(de)(de)(de)問題。