什么是(shi)商(shang)標優先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權(quan) 哪些條件下擁有(you)商(shang)標優先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權(quan)

商標使用(yong)權(quan)并不是(shi)我們(men)設計了注冊以后(hou)就可以隨意用(yong)的(de)，因為(wei)有些(xie)商(shang)標(biao)注冊后(hou)可能(neng)與其他(ta)商(shang)標(biao)相(xiang)似(si)或者(zhe)相(xiang)類(lei)同等(deng)等(deng)情況(kuang)下你是(shi)不能(neng)用(yong)的(de)，所以，在哪(na)些(xie)條件下有商(shang)標(biao)優先使用(yong)權(quan)，主要(yao)有以下幾點。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這是(shi)對使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)要求，如果(guo)不(bu)具備(bei)這一(yi)條件(jian)，就沒有“在(zai)先使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”，也無法產生在(zai)先使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權，并以此作為侵害商標(biao)權的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)辯事由。需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)僅限于現有使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，如果(guo)曾經(jing)發生過業(ye)務承(cheng)繼關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)，現有使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人作為承(cheng)繼人的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)當然可以作為本(ben)條件(jian)中的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。被承(cheng)繼人先前的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)應(ying)當視為現有使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。換言(yan)之(zhi)，在(zai)先使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)間以該商標(biao)首(shou)次(ci)商業(ye)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間為準。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)圖樣上(shang)(shang)(shang)不構成(cheng)(cheng)相同(tong)或者(zhe)近似(si)，或者(zhe)使(shi)用(yong)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)不屬于(yu)相同(tong)或者(zhe)類似(si)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)，則使(shi)用(yong)人當然有(you)權繼續使(shi)用(yong)甚至申請(qing)注(zhu)冊(ce)該商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。如果在先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)與注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)構成(cheng)(cheng)使(shi)用(yong)在相同(tong)或類似(si)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)近似(si)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，依照我國《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)法》有(you)關申請(qing)在先(xian)和注(zhu)冊(ce)原則的(de)一般規(gui)定，則未注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)不得繼續使(shi)用(yong)，否則會構成(cheng)(cheng)對注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)權的(de)侵(qin)害。但法律應(ying)當維(wei)護誠信，而不應(ying)當禁止或者(zhe)制裁正當使(shi)用(yong)行為，因此(ci)有(you)必要在上(shang)(shang)(shang)述原則下創(chuang)設例外之規(gui)定即商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)在先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所謂連續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，就是指在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)其商品(pin)上(shang)連續(xu)不中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)地使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)商標(biao)(biao)。如果在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)注冊(ce)商標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)申請日之前曾有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事(shi)實(shi)，但無正(zheng)當(dang)理(li)由而(er)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)，不得繼續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)商標(biao)(biao)。理(li)由在(zai)(zai)于(yu)：第(di)(di)一(yi)，商標(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)作為注冊(ce)原則的(de)(de)(de)例(li)外(wai)，是為了保(bao)護(hu)在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)益，如果在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已經中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)，其就該(gai)商標(biao)(biao)不再享有(you)任(ren)何利(li)益，自無保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)必要。第(di)(di)二(er)，如果只是曾有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事(shi)實(shi)，在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)商標(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)后仍可以重(zhong)新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將會(hui)從根本上(shang)動(dong)搖商標(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)制度，不利(li)于(yu)保(bao)護(hu)商標(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)益。第(di)(di)三，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)后允許重(zhong)新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不利(li)于(yu)維護(hu)正(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)平(ping)競爭關(guan)系和維護(hu)消費者的(de)(de)(de)利(li)益。所謂正(zheng)當(dang)理(li)由，是指非(fei)因(yin)(yin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)主(zhu)觀上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。若有(you)正(zheng)當(dang)理(li)由中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)，不視(shi)為缺乏(fa)連續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這一(yi)條件。如在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商標(biao)(biao)所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)為季節性造(zao)成商標(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)止使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民法上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)意(yi)(yi)，通常是指非(fei)因自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)過失而(er)不知(zhi)情(qing)。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)舊《商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法》也(ye)(ye)規定(ding)在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人必須(xu)為(wei)(wei)善(shan)意(yi)(yi)，判例和(he)一般觀點(dian)將此(ci)理解為(wei)(wei)“無進行不正(zheng)(zheng)當競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)惡(e)意(yi)(yi)”，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)現(xian)行《商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法》采納了(le)這一觀點(dian)，在(zai)立法用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)語的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇上(shang)以“非(fei)以不正(zheng)(zheng)當競(jing)爭(zheng)為(wei)(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)”取(qu)代了(le)“善(shan)意(yi)(yi)”。英國有判例認為(wei)(wei)，善(shan)意(yi)(yi)是指被告的(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)沒(mei)(mei)有任(ren)何欺(qi)騙的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)圖，也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)有任(ren)何借(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)他(ta)(ta)人已(yi)取(qu)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好(hao)信(xin)譽的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)圖。由(you)于(yu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)實(shi)行自愿原則，在(zai)提出商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)申請之前(qian)，他(ta)(ta)人就可能(neng)已(yi)經實(shi)際使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。因此(ci)，在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)意(yi)(yi)，首先是指該(gai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人將某標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記作為(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時非(fei)因自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)過失而(er)不知(zhi)道他(ta)(ta)人已(yi)經在(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)實(shi)際使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與該(gai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記相(xiang)同(tong)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)近似的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。其(qi)次(ci)，由(you)于(yu)注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權以其(qi)核定(ding)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)服務為(wei)(wei)限，當該(gai)注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)構成馳(chi)名商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)時，在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人將與該(gai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)相(xiang)同(tong)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)近似的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)非(fei)類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)服務上(shang)，并(bing)產生誤導公眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果，則該(gai)在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)難謂“出于(yu)善(shan)意(yi)(yi)”。當注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖樣構成著作權法意(yi)(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作品(pin)(pin)時，在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人將該(gai)圖樣作為(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)非(fei)類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)服務上(shang)，除非(fei)在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人能(neng)夠證明其(qi)對所(suo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖樣享有正(zheng)(zheng)當權利，否則也(ye)(ye)不能(neng)證明其(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)出于(yu)善(shan)意(yi)(yi)。