什么是(shi)商標優先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權 哪(na)些條件下擁有商標優先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權

商標使(shi)用(yong)權并不是我(wo)們設計了注冊以(yi)后就可以(yi)隨意用(yong)的，因(yin)為有些商標注冊后可能與(yu)其(qi)他商標相(xiang)似或(huo)者相(xiang)類同等(deng)等(deng)情況(kuang)下你是不能用(yong)的，所(suo)以(yi)，在哪些條件下有商標優先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)權，主要有以(yi)下幾點。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這(zhe)是對使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，如果(guo)不(bu)具備這(zhe)一條件(jian)，就沒有(you)(you)“在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”，也無法產生(sheng)在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權，并以(yi)此作為(wei)(wei)侵(qin)害商(shang)標(biao)權的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)辯事由(you)。需要注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)是，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)僅限于現有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，如果(guo)曾經發生(sheng)過業務承(cheng)繼關(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，現有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)作為(wei)(wei)承(cheng)繼人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)當然(ran)可以(yi)作為(wei)(wei)本(ben)條件(jian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。被承(cheng)繼人(ren)先前的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)應當視為(wei)(wei)現有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。換言之(zhi)，在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時間以(yi)該商(shang)標(biao)首次商(shang)業使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間為(wei)(wei)準。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在(zai)商(shang)標(biao)圖樣上不構(gou)成相同(tong)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)近似(si)，或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)不屬于相同(tong)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)類似(si)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)，則(ze)(ze)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人當然有(you)權(quan)繼(ji)續(xu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)甚(shen)至申請(qing)注(zhu)冊(ce)該商(shang)標(biao)。如果(guo)在(zai)先使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)商(shang)標(biao)與注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)構(gou)成使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)相同(tong)或(huo)(huo)類似(si)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)上的(de)近似(si)商(shang)標(biao)，依(yi)照我國《商(shang)標(biao)法》有(you)關申請(qing)在(zai)先和注(zhu)冊(ce)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)的(de)一般規定，則(ze)(ze)未注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)不得繼(ji)續(xu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，否則(ze)(ze)會(hui)構(gou)成對注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)權(quan)的(de)侵害。但法律應當維護(hu)誠信，而(er)不應當禁止或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)制裁正當使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)行為，因此有(you)必要在(zai)上述原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)下創設例外之(zhi)規定即(ji)商(shang)標(biao)在(zai)先使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所謂(wei)連(lian)續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，就是指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)商(shang)品上連(lian)續(xu)不(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)地使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該商(shang)標(biao)(biao)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人在(zai)(zai)(zai)他人注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)申請日(ri)之前曾有使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實(shi)，但無正(zheng)當(dang)理(li)由(you)(you)而中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)得繼續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該商(shang)標(biao)(biao)。理(li)由(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)：第(di)一，商(shang)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權作為注(zhu)冊(ce)原則的(de)(de)例(li)外(wai)，是為了保(bao)護在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)利(li)益，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已經中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)，其(qi)就該商(shang)標(biao)(biao)不(bu)(bu)再(zai)享有任何利(li)益，自無保(bao)護的(de)(de)必要。第(di)二，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)只是曾有使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人在(zai)(zai)(zai)他人商(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)后仍(reng)可以重(zhong)新(xin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將會從根本上動(dong)搖(yao)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)制度，不(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)保(bao)護商(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)人的(de)(de)利(li)益。第(di)三，在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)后允許重(zhong)新(xin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)維護正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)公平競爭關(guan)系和(he)維護消費(fei)者的(de)(de)利(li)益。所謂(wei)正(zheng)當(dang)理(li)由(you)(you)，是指(zhi)非因使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人主觀上的(de)(de)原因中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。若有正(zheng)當(dang)理(li)由(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)視為缺(que)乏(fa)連(lian)續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這一條件(jian)。如(ru)(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)所使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)商(shang)品為季節性造成(cheng)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)止使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民法上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)，通(tong)常是指(zhi)(zhi)非因自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過失而(er)不知情。日本舊(jiu)《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法》也(ye)規定在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必(bi)須為(wei)(wei)(wei)善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)，判(pan)例(li)和(he)一般觀點將(jiang)此理(li)解為(wei)(wei)(wei)“無進(jin)行(xing)不正(zheng)當(dang)競爭(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)惡意(yi)”，日本現行(xing)《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法》采(cai)納了這(zhe)一觀點，在(zai)(zai)立法用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)語的(de)(de)(de)選擇上(shang)(shang)以“非以不正(zheng)當(dang)競爭(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)”取(qu)代(dai)了“善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)”。英國有(you)判(pan)例(li)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)，善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)是指(zhi)(zhi)被告的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)沒有(you)任(ren)何(he)欺騙的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)圖，也(ye)沒有(you)任(ren)何(he)借用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)已(yi)取(qu)得的(de)(de)(de)良好信譽的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)圖。由(you)于(yu)(yu)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)實行(xing)自愿原則(ze)，在(zai)(zai)提出商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)申(shen)請之(zhi)前，他人(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)可能(neng)已(yi)經實際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。因此，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)，首先(xian)是指(zhi)(zhi)該使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將(jiang)某(mou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時非因自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過失而(er)不知道他人(ren)(ren)(ren)已(yi)經在(zai)(zai)相同(tong)或者(zhe)類似(si)(si)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)實際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與(yu)該標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)相同(tong)或者(zhe)近似(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。其次，由(you)于(yu)(yu)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)以其核定使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或者(zhe)服務為(wei)(wei)(wei)限，當(dang)該注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)構成馳(chi)名商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)時，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將(jiang)與(yu)該商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)相同(tong)或者(zhe)近似(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)非類似(si)(si)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或者(zhe)服務上(shang)(shang)，并產生誤導公眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)后果(guo)，則(ze)該在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)難謂“出于(yu)(yu)善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)”。當(dang)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)圖樣(yang)構成著作(zuo)權(quan)法意(yi)義上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)時，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將(jiang)該圖樣(yang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)非類似(si)(si)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或者(zhe)服務上(shang)(shang)，除(chu)非在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)夠證(zheng)明(ming)其對所使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)圖樣(yang)享有(you)正(zheng)當(dang)權(quan)利，否則(ze)也(ye)不能(neng)證(zheng)明(ming)其使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)出于(yu)(yu)善(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)。