什么是商標優(you)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)權 哪些條(tiao)件(jian)下擁有商標優(you)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)權

商標使(shi)用(yong)權并不是我們(men)設計了注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)以后就可以隨意用(yong)的，因為有(you)些(xie)商標(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)后可能(neng)與其他商標(biao)相(xiang)似或者相(xiang)類同(tong)等等情況下(xia)你是不能(neng)用(yong)的，所以，在哪些(xie)條(tiao)件下(xia)有(you)商標(biao)優先使(shi)用(yong)權，主(zhu)要有(you)以下(xia)幾點。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這是對使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，如果(guo)(guo)不(bu)具備這一條(tiao)件，就沒有(you)(you)“在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”，也無法產生在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權，并以(yi)(yi)此作為(wei)(wei)侵害(hai)商(shang)標(biao)權的(de)(de)抗辯事(shi)由。需要注意的(de)(de)是，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)僅限于(yu)現(xian)有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，如果(guo)(guo)曾經發生過業務承(cheng)繼關系的(de)(de)，現(xian)有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人作為(wei)(wei)承(cheng)繼人的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)當然可以(yi)(yi)作為(wei)(wei)本(ben)條(tiao)件中的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。被承(cheng)繼人先(xian)(xian)前的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)應當視為(wei)(wei)現(xian)有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。換言(yan)之，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)標(biao)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間(jian)以(yi)(yi)該商(shang)標(biao)首(shou)次商(shang)業使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)準。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在商(shang)(shang)標圖樣上(shang)不(bu)構(gou)成相同(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)(huo)者近似(si)，或(huo)(huo)者使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)不(bu)屬于相同(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)(huo)者類似(si)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)，則(ze)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人當(dang)然(ran)有(you)權(quan)繼續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)甚至(zhi)申請(qing)注冊(ce)該(gai)商(shang)(shang)標。如果在先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的商(shang)(shang)標與注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)標構(gou)成使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在相同(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)(huo)類似(si)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)上(shang)的近似(si)商(shang)(shang)標，依照(zhao)我國《商(shang)(shang)標法》有(you)關申請(qing)在先(xian)(xian)和注冊(ce)原則(ze)的一般規定(ding)，則(ze)未注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)標不(bu)得繼續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，否則(ze)會構(gou)成對(dui)注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)標權(quan)的侵害(hai)。但法律應(ying)當(dang)維(wei)護(hu)誠信，而不(bu)應(ying)當(dang)禁止或(huo)(huo)者制裁正當(dang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)行(xing)為，因此有(you)必(bi)要在上(shang)述(shu)原則(ze)下創設(she)例外(wai)之(zhi)規定(ding)即(ji)商(shang)(shang)標在先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所(suo)謂(wei)連續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，就是指在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)其商品上(shang)連續(xu)不(bu)中斷(duan)(duan)地(di)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該商標。如(ru)果(guo)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)注(zhu)冊商標的(de)(de)(de)(de)申請日(ri)之前曾有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實(shi)，但(dan)無(wu)正(zheng)當(dang)理由(you)而中斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)得繼續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該商標。理由(you)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)：第一(yi)，商標在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權作為注(zhu)冊原(yuan)(yuan)則的(de)(de)(de)(de)例(li)外，是為了保(bao)(bao)護在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益，如(ru)果(guo)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已經中斷(duan)(duan)，其就該商標不(bu)再(zai)享有任(ren)何利(li)(li)(li)益，自無(wu)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要。第二，如(ru)果(guo)只是曾有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實(shi)，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)商標注(zhu)冊后仍可以重新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將會從根本上(shang)動搖商標注(zhu)冊制度，不(bu)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)護商標注(zhu)冊人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益。第三，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中斷(duan)(duan)后允許重新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)維護正(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)公平競爭(zheng)關系和維護消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益。所(suo)謂(wei)正(zheng)當(dang)理由(you)，是指非因使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)主觀上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因中斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。若有正(zheng)當(dang)理由(you)中斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)視為缺乏(fa)連續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這一(yi)條件(jian)。如(ru)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商標所(suo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商品為季(ji)節(jie)性造成(cheng)商標中止使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民(min)法(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)，通常是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)因(yin)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過失而不知情。日本舊《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)法(fa)》也(ye)規(gui)定在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)必(bi)須為善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)，判例(li)和(he)一般觀(guan)點(dian)將(jiang)此理解為“無進行(xing)不正當競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡意(yi)”，日本現行(xing)《商(shang)(shang)標(biao)法(fa)》采納了這一觀(guan)點(dian)，在(zai)(zai)立法(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)語的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)“非(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)不正當競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)為目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”取(qu)(qu)代了“善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)”。英國有判例(li)認(ren)為，善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)被告的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為沒(mei)有任(ren)何(he)(he)欺(qi)騙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)，也(ye)沒(mei)有任(ren)何(he)(he)借用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)他人(ren)(ren)已(yi)(yi)取(qu)(qu)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好信譽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)。由于商(shang)(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)(ce)實(shi)行(xing)自愿(yuan)原則(ze)，在(zai)(zai)提出(chu)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)(ce)申請之前，他人(ren)(ren)就(jiu)可(ke)能(neng)已(yi)(yi)經實(shi)際使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)。因(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)，首先(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)該使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)某標(biao)記(ji)作(zuo)為商(shang)(shang)標(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時非(fei)(fei)(fei)因(yin)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過失而不知道他人(ren)(ren)已(yi)(yi)經在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)類似商(shang)(shang)品(pin)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)實(shi)際使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與(yu)該標(biao)記(ji)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)近(jin)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)。其次(ci)，由于注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權以(yi)其核定使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務(wu)為限，當該注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)構(gou)成馳名(ming)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)時，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)與(yu)該商(shang)(shang)標(biao)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)近(jin)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)非(fei)(fei)(fei)類似商(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，并(bing)產(chan)生誤(wu)導公眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果，則(ze)該在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)難(nan)謂“出(chu)于善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)”。當注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)樣(yang)(yang)構(gou)成著作(zuo)權法(fa)意(yi)義上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)時，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)該圖(tu)(tu)樣(yang)(yang)作(zuo)為商(shang)(shang)標(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于非(fei)(fei)(fei)類似商(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，除非(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)能(neng)夠證明其對所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)樣(yang)(yang)享(xiang)有正當權利，否(fou)則(ze)也(ye)不能(neng)證明其使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)出(chu)于善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)意(yi)。