【速度(du)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器工(gong)作原(yuan)理】速度(du)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器原(yuan)理作用有哪些 磁(ci)保持(chi)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器原(yuan)理

速度繼電器因他的(de)(de)性能，可以(yi)(yi)用來監測船(chuan)舶(bo)、火車的(de)(de)內燃機(ji)引擎，以(yi)(yi)及氣體、水和(he)風力渦(wo)輪機(ji)，還可以(yi)(yi)用于(yu)造紙業(ye)、箔的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)紡織業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)上(shang)。在船(chuan)用柴油(you)機(ji)以(yi)(yi)及很多柴油(you)發電機(ji)組的(de)(de)應(ying)用中，速(su)度(du)繼電器作為一個二次(ci)安全回(hui)路(lu)，當緊急(ji)情況產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)時，迅速(su)關閉引擎。

速度繼電器的工作原理

它的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)一個永(yong)久(jiu)磁鐵，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)或機(ji)械軸連(lian)接，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)旋轉(zhuan)而(er)旋轉(zhuan)。轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)鼠籠轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)，內有短路條，它也能圍繞著轉(zhuan)軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。當(dang)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)隨(sui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，它的(de)(de)磁場與(yu)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)短路條相(xiang)(xiang)切割，產(chan)生感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢及感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)工作原理相(xiang)(xiang)同，故(gu)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)隨(sui)著轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)而(er)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)來。定(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)杠(gang)桿，杠(gang)桿推動(dong)(dong)(dong)觸(chu)點，使之(zhi)(zhi)閉合與(yu)分斷。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)旋轉(zhuan)方向改變(bian)時(shi)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)向也改變(bian)，這時(shi)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就可以觸(chu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)另(ling)外(wai)一組觸(chu)點，使之(zhi)(zhi)分斷與(yu)閉合。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)停止時(shi)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)觸(chu)點即恢復原來的(de)(de)靜止狀態。

速度繼電器在電路中的作用

由于繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)工作時(shi)(shi)是與電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)同軸的(de)(de)，不論電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)正轉或反轉，電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)兩個(ge)常(chang)開(kai)觸點，就有一個(ge)閉合，準備(bei)實(shi)行電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。一旦開(kai)始制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，由控制(zhi)系統(tong)的(de)(de)聯鎖觸點和速(su)度(du)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)備(bei)用的(de)(de)閉合觸點，形成一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)相序反接（俗(su)稱倒相）電(dian)(dian)路，使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在反接制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)下停車。而(er)當電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉速(su)接近零時(shi)(shi)，速(su)度(du)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)常(chang)開(kai)觸點分斷，從而(er)切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)源，使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)狀(zhuang)態結束。

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常用的速度繼電器分類

常用的(de)(de)速度繼(ji)電(dian)器有(you)JY1型(xing)和(he)JFZ0型(xing)兩(liang)種。其中，JY1型(xing)可在700～3600r/min范(fan)圍(wei)內可靠(kao)地工作；JFZO－1型(xing)使用于300～1000r/min；JFZO-2型(xing)適用于1000～3600r/min。他們具有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)常開觸點(dian)、兩(liang)個(ge)常閉觸點(dian)，觸電(dian)額定電(dian)壓為380V，額定電(dian)流(liu)為2A。一般速度繼(ji)電(dian)器的(de)(de)轉軸在130r/min左(zuo)右即能(neng)動作，在100r/min時觸頭(tou)即能(neng)恢復到正常位置。可以(yi)通過螺(luo)釘的(de)(de)調(diao)節(jie)來改變速度繼(ji)電(dian)器動作的(de)(de)轉速，以(yi)適應控制電(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。

磁保持繼電器原理

動作原理：磁保持繼電器其觸(chu)點(dian)開、合(he)(he)狀態(tai)平時(shi)由永久磁(ci)鐵所產(chan)生的(de)磁(ci)力(li)(li)所保(bao)持。當繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)觸(chu)點(dian)需要(yao)開或合(he)(he)狀態(tai)時(shi)，只需要(yao)用(yong)正（反(fan)）直流脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓激勵線圈，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)在瞬間就(jiu)完成了開與合(he)(he)的(de)狀態(tai)轉換。通常觸(chu)點(dian)處于保(bao)持狀態(tai)時(shi)，線圈不(bu)需要(yao)繼續(xu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)，僅(jin)靠永久磁(ci)鐵的(de)磁(ci)力(li)(li)就(jiu)能維持繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)狀態(tai)不(bu)變。

動作過程：當繼電器的(de)(de)觸點(dian)需要置位(wei)時，只需要用(yong)正直流(liu)脈沖(chong)電壓激勵(li)(li)線圈J2，線圈J2勵(li)(li)磁后(hou)產生的(de)(de)磁極(ji)與(yu)永磁鐵的(de)(de)磁極(ji)相互(hu)作用(yong)，同極(ji)性(xing)相互(hu)排(pai)斥，異(yi)極(ji)性(xing)相互(hu)吸引，使(shi)得繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)在(zai)瞬間就完成了復位(wei)到(dao)置位(wei)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態轉換(huan)。示(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)1-4演示(shi)了具(ju)體狀(zhuang)態轉換(huan)過程。磁保持繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)由置位(wei)狀(zhuang)態轉換(huan)為復位(wei)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)過程同理。