【速度(du)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)】速度(du)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)作(zuo)用(yong)有哪些(xie) 磁保持繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)

速度繼電器因他(ta)的(de)性能，可以(yi)用來(lai)監測(ce)船舶、火車的(de)內燃機(ji)引擎(qing)，以(yi)及氣體(ti)、水和(he)風力渦輪機(ji)，還可以(yi)用于(yu)造紙業(ye)、箔(bo)的(de)生(sheng)產和(he)紡織(zhi)業(ye)生(sheng)產上。在(zai)船用柴油機(ji)以(yi)及很多柴油發電機(ji)組的(de)應(ying)用中，速度繼電器(qi)作(zuo)為一個二次(ci)安(an)全回路，當(dang)緊急情(qing)況(kuang)產生(sheng)時(shi)，迅速關閉引擎(qing)。

速度繼電器的工作原理

它的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)是一個永久磁鐵，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)或機(ji)械(xie)軸(zhou)連接，隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)而(er)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)與(yu)鼠籠轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)相似(si)，內(nei)有短(duan)路條，它也能(neng)圍(wei)繞著(zhu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，它的(de)(de)磁場與(yu)定(ding)子(zi)短(duan)路條相切割，產生感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢及感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)原理相同，故定(ding)子(zi)隨著(zhu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)而(er)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起來。定(ding)子(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)杠(gang)桿，杠(gang)桿推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)觸(chu)(chu)點，使(shi)之閉(bi)合與(yu)分(fen)(fen)斷(duan)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方向改變(bian)時，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)與(yu)定(ding)子(zi)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向也改變(bian)，這時定(ding)子(zi)就可以觸(chu)(chu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)另外一組觸(chu)(chu)點，使(shi)之分(fen)(fen)斷(duan)與(yu)閉(bi)合。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)停(ting)止時，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)觸(chu)(chu)點即恢復原來的(de)(de)靜止狀(zhuang)態。

速度繼電器在電路中的作用

由于繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器工作時(shi)是與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)同軸的，不論電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)正轉(zhuan)或反(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的兩個常開觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)，就有一個閉(bi)合(he)，準備實行電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)。一旦開始(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)，由控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)的聯鎖觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)和速(su)度繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的備用的閉(bi)合(he)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)，形成一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)相(xiang)序反(fan)(fan)接(jie)（俗稱倒相(xiang)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在反(fan)(fan)接(jie)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)下停車。而(er)當電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的轉(zhuan)速(su)接(jie)近零時(shi)，速(su)度繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)常開觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)分斷，從而(er)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)狀態結束。

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常用的速度繼電器分類

常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器有JY1型(xing)和JFZ0型(xing)兩種。其中，JY1型(xing)可在700～3600r/min范圍內可靠(kao)地工作；JFZO－1型(xing)使用于300～1000r/min；JFZO-2型(xing)適(shi)用于1000～3600r/min。他們具有兩個常(chang)開觸(chu)(chu)點、兩個常(chang)閉觸(chu)(chu)點，觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)額定電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)380V，額定電(dian)(dian)流為(wei)2A。一(yi)般速(su)度繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)轉軸(zhou)在130r/min左右即能(neng)動(dong)作，在100r/min時觸(chu)(chu)頭即能(neng)恢復(fu)到正常(chang)位置。可以(yi)通過螺釘的(de)(de)(de)調節來(lai)改變速(su)度繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器動(dong)作的(de)(de)(de)轉速(su)，以(yi)適(shi)應控制電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)要求。

磁保持繼電器原理

動作原理：磁保持繼電器其觸(chu)點(dian)開、合(he)(he)狀態(tai)(tai)平時由永久(jiu)磁鐵所產生的(de)(de)磁力所保持。當繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)需要(yao)開或合(he)(he)狀態(tai)(tai)時，只需要(yao)用正（反）直流脈沖電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)激勵線(xian)圈，繼電(dian)(dian)器在瞬(shun)間就(jiu)完(wan)成了開與(yu)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)狀態(tai)(tai)轉換(huan)。通常(chang)觸(chu)點(dian)處于保持狀態(tai)(tai)時，線(xian)圈不需要(yao)繼續通電(dian)(dian)，僅靠永久(jiu)磁鐵的(de)(de)磁力就(jiu)能(neng)維持繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)狀態(tai)(tai)不變(bian)。

動作過程：當繼電器的(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)需要置位(wei)(wei)時，只需要用正直流脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)激勵線圈J2，線圈J2勵磁(ci)后產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)極(ji)與永磁(ci)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)極(ji)相互作用，同極(ji)性(xing)相互排斥，異極(ji)性(xing)相互吸引，使(shi)得繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)在瞬間(jian)就(jiu)完成了(le)復(fu)位(wei)(wei)到(dao)置位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)換。示意圖1-4演示了(le)具體狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)換過程。磁(ci)保持繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)由(you)置位(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)換為復(fu)位(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)過程同理。