投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是與商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相對應的(de)(de)一類(lei)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)機構，主(zhu)(zhu)要從(cong)事證(zheng)券發行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、承(cheng)銷、交易、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)重組、兼并(bing)與收購、投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)分析、風險投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)、項(xiang)目融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)等業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務的(de)(de)非銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)機構，是資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)市場上的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要金(jin)(jin)融(rong)中(zhong)介(jie)。投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和歐(ou)洲大陸(lu)的(de)(de)稱謂，英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)稱之為商(shang)(shang)人銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)日本(ben)則指(zhi)證(zheng)券公(gong)司。 投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)組織(zhi)形(xing)(xing)態主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)四(si)種(zhong)：一是獨立型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)機構比較多，遍布世界各地，他(ta)們(men)有(you)各自(zi)擅長的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務方向，比如美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)高盛(sheng)、摩根斯坦利；二是商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擁(yong)有(you)的(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，主(zhu)(zhu)要是商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)通過兼并(bing)收購其他(ta)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，參股或建立附屬公(gong)司從(cong)事投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)式在(zai)英(ying)德等國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)非常典型(xing)(xing)，比如匯豐 集(ji)團、瑞銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)集(ji)團；三是全能型(xing)(xing)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)直接經營投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)式主(zhu)(zhu)要出現(xian)在(zai)歐(ou)洲，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)從(cong)事投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務的(de)(de)同時也從(cong)事商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務，比如德意志銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；四(si)是一些大型(xing)(xing)跨(kua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)司興辦(ban)的(de)(de)財務公(gong)司。在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要代表有(you)：中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際金(jin)(jin)融(rong)有(you)限公(gong)司、中(zhong)信證(zheng)券等。