電(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)是組成電(dian)子產品的基礎，了解常用的電子元件(jian)的種類、結構、性(xing)能并能正確選用是學習、掌握(wo)電(dian)(dian)子技術的(de)基(ji)本。常用的(de)電(dian)(dian)子元件(jian)有：電(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)容、電(dian)(dian)感、電(dian)位器、變壓(ya)器等，就安裝方式而言，目前可分為傳統安裝（又稱通孔裝即DIP）和表(biao)面安裝兩大類（即又(you)稱SMT或SMD）。三(san)極管、二極(ji)管稱(cheng)為電子器件(jian)。

單面板：電路板只有一面用金屬處理；雙面板：電路板雙(shuang)面都用金屬(shu)處理；

元件面：電路板上插元件的一面；焊接面：元件面的反面，存在許多焊(han)盤以供焊(han)接；

焊盤：PCB板上用于焊接元件引(yin)腳或金(jin)屬端的金(jin)屬部分(fen)；層板：除電路板雙面外，電路板內層也(ye)有(you)線路；

空焊：零件腳或引線腳與錫墊間由于某種原因沒有完成接合；假焊：類似于空焊，由于零件腳或引線(xian)腳與錫墊(dian)間(jian)焊(han)錫量太少，沒有達(da)到接合標準；

冷焊：錫或錫膏在回風爐氣化后，在錫(xi)墊(dian)上(shang)仍有模糊的粒狀附著物(wu)；橋接：零件腳與腳之間焊錫聯接短路；

金屬化孔：用于插元件或布明線的金屬化孔；連接孔：與金屬化孔相對，不用于插元件或布明線的(de)金屬化孔；

極性元件：需定向插入電路板的元件；跪腳：零件腳打折形成跪腳(jiao)；錯件：零件放置的規格或種類與要求不符；

缺件：應放置零件的位置產生空缺；自檢：由工作的完成者依據規定的規則對該工(gong)作進行的檢驗；

電子元件：指在工廠生產加工時不改變分子成分的成品。如電阻器、電容器、電感器。因為它本身不產生電(dian)子(zi)，它(ta)對電(dian)壓、電(dian)流無(wu)控制和(he)變換作用，所以又稱無(wu)源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)。按分類(lei)標準，電(dian)子(zi)元件(jian)可分為11個大類。

電子器件：指在工廠生產加工時改變了分子結構的成品。例如晶體管、電子管、集成電路。因為它本身能產生電子，對電壓、電流有控制、變換作用（放大、開關、整流、檢波、振蕩和調制等），所以又稱有源器(qi)件。按分類標準，電子(zi)器(qi)件可分為12個大類，可歸納為真空電子器件和半導體器件兩大塊。【詳細>>】

電阻器在電路中起什么作用呢？

將電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)開關(guan)換為(wei)1個470歐姆的(de)電(dian)(dian)位器。旋轉電(dian)(dian)位器的(de)轉柄，小(xiao)(xiao)燈泡(pao)的(de)亮度(du)要隨著電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)的(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)而改變。電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)越(yue)大(da)(da)，小(xiao)(xiao)燈泡(pao)越(yue)暗(an)。這說(shuo)明電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器在電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)可(ke)以控制電(dian)(dian)流的(de)強弱。

電容器在電路中有什么作用呢？

用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)代替開關。接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時，我們看到小燈(deng)(deng)泡閃亮一(yi)下(xia)后就不(bu)再亮了。這是因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)瞬間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。而(er)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程很快結束了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)消失了。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量越(yue)小，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)用時間(jian)越(yue)短暫，可見直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是不(bu)能通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)。若將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源改為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，小燈(deng)(deng)泡將(jiang)持續發光，若交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率可以變化(hua)，那么在(zai)相同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)，高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)更易于通過(guo)同一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)而(er)使小燈(deng)(deng)泡更亮些。這些實驗可以說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，可以起“隔直流(liu)(liu)，通交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)”，“通高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)、阻(zu)低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)”的(de)作(zuo)用。

晶體二極管在電路中有什么作用呢？

我們(men)將晶體二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)接在電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的開(kai)關位置上，燈泡發(fa)光，說明這(zhe)時(shi)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)導(dao)通(tong)，二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)的電(dian)(dian)阻（稱為正向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)阻）很小。若(ruo)將二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)兩極(ji)(ji)引腳(jiao)對調，這(zhe)時(shi)小燈泡不(bu)亮了。這(zhe)時(shi)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)的電(dian)(dian)阻（稱為反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)阻）很大(da)，電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)幾乎沒(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)流。這(zhe)個現象說明二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)有(you)單向(xiang)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)的特性。利用二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)的這(zhe)個特性，可使用二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)進行檢波和整流。

1、通過電子(zi)元(yuan)器件(jian)網絡平臺(tai)找有工(gong)商(shang)注冊的(de)正規(gui)公司；

2、了(le)解(jie)供應商資質，三(san)證是否(fou)齊全(quan),業務(wu)員的素質及(ji)服(fu)務(wu)；

3、電子元器件的型號細節部分(fen)，如產品(pin)的誤差、材質(zhi)、封裝、腳距(ju)、后(hou)綴(zhui)字母，細微環節(jie)要注意，避(bi)免出現(xian)產品不符(fu)退換貨(huo)，耽(dan)誤工程生產進度(du)；

4、大型工廠注重高端質量，中小型工廠(chang)偏向成本(ben)和中高(gao)端質量；

5、在控(kong)制成本的(de)問題上需要特別注意，切勿貪圖小便宜，正視便宜沒有(you)好貨(huo)，可以選擇(ze)小批量采樣，初步確認(ren)供應商的(de)產品質量后再進(jin)行批量采購。【詳細>>】