隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)科學技術的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，現在鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)類產(chan)品已經成(cheng)為了(le)主流。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)是一(yi)類由鋰(li)(li)金屬(shu)或鋰(li)(li)合金為負(fu)極材，使用(yong)(yong)非水電(dian)解質溶液(ye)制(zhi)作(zuo)而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)，大致可分為鋰(li)(li)金屬(shu)電(dian)池(chi)和(he)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)這(zhe)兩種類別(bie)。在文獻和(he)現實生活(huo)中，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)和(he)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)是互相(xiang)區別(bie)而(er)又有繼承和(he)發展(zhan)關系(xi)的(de)(de)一(yi)對概念，而(er)隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong)越(yue)來越(yue)廣(guang)泛，人們(men)便普遍將鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)稱為鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)。

鋰(li)金屬電(dian)池(chi)最(zui)早于1912年出并研究(jiu)，也可(ke)(ke)稱為鋰(li)原電(dian)池(chi)，它是一種(zhong)一次性電(dian)池(chi)，主要(yao)有鋰(li)錳，鋰(li)鐵電(dian)池(chi)等(deng)等(deng)。鋰(li)金屬電(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)連續放電(dian)，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)間歇放電(dian)，一旦電(dian)能(neng)耗(hao)盡便不能(neng)再(zai)用，不可(ke)(ke)充電(dian)，充電(dian)極容易引(yin)起爆炸。

鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是指以(yi)兩(liang)種(zhong)不同(tong)的，能夠可(ke)逆的，嵌(qian)(qian)入和脫嵌(qian)(qian)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)的嵌(qian)(qian)鋰(li)化(hua)(hua)合物分(fen)別作(zuo)(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正(zheng)(zheng)極和負(fu)極的二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)體系，鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)循環充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的相同(tong)點(dian)是在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)極和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)上，兩(liang)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)都采用金屬氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物和硫化(hua)(hua)物作(zuo)(zuo)為正(zheng)(zheng)極，而(er)以(yi)有機溶劑或無機鹽體系作(zuo)(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)。

一、新電池充電

新(xin)電(dian)(dian)池一(yi)(yi)般要(yao)激(ji)活，電(dian)(dian)池放置(zhi)一(yi)(yi)段時間(jian)后，會進入(ru)休眠(mian)狀態，此時容(rong)量低于正(zheng)(zheng)常值，使用時間(jian)亦隨之縮(suo)短，因此需要(yao)激(ji)活。鋰電(dian)(dian)池激(ji)活方法非(fei)常簡單，只要(yao)經過(guo)3—5次正(zheng)(zheng)常的充放電(dian)(dian)循環就可激(ji)活電(dian)(dian)池，恢復(fu)正(zheng)(zheng)常容(rong)量。

二、舊電池(chi)充電

1、充電方法

舊電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)指已經充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)多次(ci)(ci)的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，而不是(shi)報廢的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的壽命與充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)的次(ci)(ci)數無關，它沒有記(ji)憶效應，不論你(ni)(ni)怎么(me)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，都不會影響充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)循環次(ci)(ci)數。因此不要把電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)用到完全沒電(dian)才去充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，最好是(shi)當你(ni)(ni)能充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，就盡量把電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)飽，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間以(yi)(yi)2-3小時(shi)以(yi)(yi)內(nei)為宜，當然你(ni)(ni)也不一定非要充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)。

2、充電電壓

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安(an)全工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍是2.8到4.2V，低于(yu)或高于(yu)這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的鋰(li)離子(zi)變得非(fei)常不(bu)穩定，甚至造成(cheng)事故(gu)。為保證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處(chu)于(yu)安(an)全范(fan)圍，因此需要專門的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器。這(zhe)些充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器會自(zi)動根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)當前狀態而調整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式。

3、充電工具

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)用(yong)專用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，它可以(yi)保障充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)安全性。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)，以(yi)恒定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)高，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器同時(shi)(shi)提高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以(yi)加快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池到達4.2V截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池大(da)約僅(jin)沖入70%左右的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量（并未(wei)飽滿）。此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器即以(yi)恒定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，逐(zhu)漸變小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池繼續(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當值至(zhi)小(xiao)于0.1A充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)繼續(xu)升(sheng)高時(shi)(shi)候(hou)才停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、定期充電

長期不用的鋰電池，應該以半電狀態，存放在陰涼偏干燥的地方。滿電存放有危險，且電池會有損害，而無電存放，電池可能會被破壞，從而失去作用。在存放過程中，每隔3--6個月，要完成一個充電周期，做一次電量校準。【詳(xiang)細>>】

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池一(yi)(yi)般能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)300-500個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期，超過(guo)這個(ge)次(ci)數，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池就不(bu)能(neng)(neng)用(yong)(yong)了(le)，當然，這只能(neng)(neng)作為(wei)參(can)考。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數無關(guan)，與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)周(zhou)期有(you)關(guan)，也就是(shi)從零電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)次(ci)數。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期意味(wei)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)所有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)由滿(man)用(yong)(yong)到空，再由空充(chong)(chong)(chong)到滿(man)的(de)過(guo)程，這并不(bu)等同(tong)于充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。比(bi)如(ru)說，一(yi)(yi)塊鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)第(di)一(yi)(yi)天只用(yong)(yong)了(le)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，然后又為(wei)它充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果第(di)二天還如(ru)此，即用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)就充(chong)(chong)(chong)，總(zong)共兩次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)下來(lai)，這只能(neng)(neng)算作一(yi)(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期，而不(bu)是(shi)兩個(ge)。

在日常生活中，通常可能要經過好幾次充電才完成一個周期。每完成一個充電周期，電池容量就會減少一點。不過，這個電量減少幅度非常小，高品質的電池充過多次周期后，仍然會保留原始容量的80%，很多鋰電供電產品在經過兩三年后仍然照常使用。當然，鋰電壽命到了最終后仍是需要更換的。【詳細>>】

鋰電(dian)池(chi)可能會(hui)爆炸(zha)，其(qi)爆炸(zha)原(yuan)因有很多，可大致歸類為外(wai)部(bu)短路、內部(bu)短路、及過充三(san)種。正常情(qing)況下，鋰電(dian)池(chi)的兩極本身是絕對不(bu)會(hui)接觸的，因此(ci)電(dian)池(chi)廠(chang)商會(hui)在(zai)兩極之(zhi)間放置隔膜。

質(zhi)量(liang)好的隔膜紙，在(zai)電池內部溫(wen)度較高時，會將細孔關閉，將電化學反應終(zhong)止，使電流驟降(jiang)(jiang)，溫(wen)度也慢慢下降(jiang)(jiang)，從而(er)避免(mian)爆炸(zha)發生(sheng)。但(dan)如果在(zai)各種因素(su)的影響下，導(dao)致隔膜破裂，那么電池里所有的能(neng)量(liang)都會涌向電解(jie)液，而(er)電解(jie)液本身(shen)就是一種不太穩定的化學物(wu)質(zhi)，承(cheng)受(shou)太多能(neng)量(liang)之后(hou)，就大量(liang)發熱，乃(nai)至起火(huo)爆炸(zha)。

鋰電(dian)池優點(dian)

1、鋰電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)平(ping)臺高，單體電(dian)池(chi)的平(ping)均電(dian)壓(ya)為3.7V或(huo)3.2V，約等于3只鎳鎘電(dian)池(chi)或(huo)鎳氫(qing)電(dian)池(chi)的串聯電(dian)壓(ya)，便于組成(cheng)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)源組。

2、相對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言(yan)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)能量(liang)密(mi)度高。具有高儲存能量(liang)密(mi)度，目前已(yi)達到460-600Wh/kg，是鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的約(yue)6-7倍。

3、相(xiang)對鉛酸(suan)電池而言鋰電池重(zhong)量輕，相(xiang)同體積下重(zhong)量約(yue)為鉛酸(suan)產(chan)品的1/5-6。

4、鋰(li)電池使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命相(xiang)對較長(chang)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命可(ke)達到6年以上，磷酸(suan)亞鐵(tie)鋰(li)為(wei)正極的(de)電池用(yong)(yong)1CDOD充放(fang)，有可(ke)以使(shi)用(yong)(yong)1000次的(de)記(ji)錄(lu)。

5、具備高功率承受力，其中電(dian)動汽車用的(de)磷酸亞鐵鋰鋰離子電(dian)池可以(yi)達到15-30C充(chong)放電(dian)的(de)能(neng)力，便(bian)于高強(qiang)度(du)的(de)啟(qi)動加速。

6、自放(fang)電(dian)率低，無記憶(yi)效應，常應用于日常電(dian)子產品供電(dian)。

7、鋰電池高低溫(wen)適應性強(qiang)，可以在(zai)-20℃--60℃的環境(jing)下使用，經過工(gong)藝上的處理，可以在(zai)-45℃環境(jing)下使用。

8、綠色環保，不(bu)論生(sheng)產(chan)、使用和報廢，都不(bu)含有、也不(bu)產(chan)生(sheng)任(ren)何鉛、汞(gong)、鎘等(deng)有毒有害重金屬元素和物質。

鋰(li)電池的(de)缺(que)點

1、鋰電池均存在(zai)安全性差，有發生爆炸的危險。

2、鈷酸鋰材料的鋰電(dian)(dian)池不能大電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)，安全性較差(cha)。

3、鋰電(dian)池(chi)均需保護線路，防止電(dian)池(chi)被過充過放電(dian)。

4、生產要求條件高，成本高。【詳細(xi)>>】

1、鋰電池應儲存(cun)(cun)在陰涼、干燥、安(an)全的(de)環境，它可儲存(cun)(cun)在溫度為-5～35℃，相對濕度不大于75%的(de)清潔、干燥、通風的(de)環境中(zhong)。注意(yi)在較熱的(de)環境中(zhong)存(cun)(cun)放電池，會不可避免的(de)對電池的(de)質量造成相應的(de)損壞。

2、避免將鋰電(dian)(dian)池靠近(jin)熱(re)源、明火(huo)、易燃易爆(bao)氣體、液(ye)體，這樣(yang)可能導致電(dian)(dian)池泄露、發熱(re)、冒煙、火(huo)災以及爆(bao)炸。

3、鋰電(dian)池(chi)如需長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)儲(chu)存（超過一個月(yue)），電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)量應保持標稱容量的30%～50%，儲(chu)存時(shi)每月(yue)需對電(dian)池(chi)進行補充電(dian)1—2小(xiao)時(shi)。

4、電池(chi)應包(bao)裝(zhuang)成箱進行運輸(shu)，在(zai)運輸(shu)過(guo)程中應防止(zhi)劇(ju)烈振動、撞擊或(huo)擠壓，防止(zhi)日曬雨淋，可使用汽車、火車、輪船、飛(fei)機等交(jiao)通工具進行運輸(shu)。

5、鋰電池存儲過程(cheng)中(zhong)應避免金屬物體進入電池箱，這可能導致(zhi)電池產生(sheng)泄露、發(fa)熱、冒煙、火(huo)災以及(ji)爆炸。

6、如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)高于規定的(de)(de)操作溫(wen)度，即35°C以上的(de)(de)環境中使用鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)量將會不斷的(de)(de)減少(shao)。如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)這樣(yang)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度下(xia)，還要為鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)，那對電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)損傷將更大。所以，盡量保持在(zai)(zai)適宜的(de)(de)操作溫(wen)度是延長鋰(li)電(dian)壽命的(de)(de)好方法。

7、要想發(fa)揮鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池的(de)最大(da)效能，就需要經常用(yong)它，讓鋰(li)電(dian)內的(de)電(dian)子(zi)始(shi)終處于流動狀(zhuang)態。如(ru)果不經常使(shi)用(yong)鋰(li)電(dian)池，請一(yi)(yi)定(ding)記(ji)得每月(yue)給鋰(li)電(dian)完(wan)成一(yi)(yi)個充電(dian)周期，做一(yi)(yi)次電(dian)量校準，即(ji)深(shen)放深(shen)充一(yi)(yi)次。

8、淺放淺充對于鋰電更有益處，只有在產品的電源模塊為鋰電做校準時，才有深放深充的必要。所以，使用鋰電供電的產品不必拘泥于過程，一切以方便為先，隨時充電，不必擔心影響壽命。【詳(xiang)細(xi)>>】

1、看外觀

看外(wai)觀(guan)是指看鋰電池的(de)外(wai)觀(guan)，做工，大小和工藝(yi)。看外(wai)殼接縫(feng)線寬(kuan)不寬(kuan)，是否有毛刺(ci)，有沒(mei)有油漬，摸起來手感好(hao)不好(hao)，先進的(de)工藝(yi)都是手感很舒服的(de)，經過打(da)磨(mo)，橡膠油拋光材料既(ji)手感好(hao)，同時絕緣性能也很強。

2、看是否明確標(biao)示容(rong)量

無(wu)明確標示容量的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，很可(ke)能就(jiu)是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用劣質電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)或(huo)回收電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)重(zhong)新組裝的(de)垃圾電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。市面上充斥著許多廉價(jia)的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，就(jiu)是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用回收電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)或(huo)拆機電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)做的(de)，價(jia)格雖(sui)然(ran)便宜，但是(shi)壽命短，品質不(bu)穩定，使(shi)(shi)用不(bu)慎可(ke)能會損壞設(she)備，甚(shen)至(zhi)發生爆炸。

3、看保(bao)護電路(lu)

鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)特性決定了鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)一定要(yao)外(wai)加(jia)保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)，以防止鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充、過放及短路等情況的(de)(de)發生，不(bu)加(jia)保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)會有(you)變(bian)形、漏液、爆(bao)炸的(de)(de)危險。在激烈的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格競(jing)爭下，各電(dian)(dian)池(chi)封裝廠尋(xun)求更低價(jia)(jia)位的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路，或(huo)者根本省略了這(zhe)個裝置(zhi)，使(shi)得市(shi)面上充斥著(zhu)有(you)爆(bao)炸危險的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。當然，實(shi)際上消費者無法從外(wai)觀分辨出來(lai)是否有(you)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路板(ban)，因此最好選擇有(you)信譽(yu)的(de)(de)商家購買。

4、看品牌(pai)

鋰電池的品牌很多，質量卻很難從外觀看出。在這種情況下，大家在選擇之前就要多做點功課，多去網上查詢一下廠商資料。通常來說，專業廠商比小作坊更靠譜，從業時間長的廠商比剛進入該領域的廠商更值得信任。【詳細>>】