承德避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)，又稱“熱(re)河(he)行宮”，坐落于(yu)中國北部(bu)河(he)北省承德市中心以北的狹長(chang)谷地上(shang)，占地面積584公(gong)頃。避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)始建于(yu)清康(kang)熙(xi)四(si)十二年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1703年(nian)），雍正（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1723—1736年(nian)在位）時(shi)代一度暫停(ting)營(ying)建，清乾隆六年(nian)至五十七(qi)年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1741—1792年(nian)）又繼續修(xiu)建，增加了(le)乾隆36景(jing)和(he)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)外(wai)(wai)的外(wai)(wai)八廟。整個避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的營(ying)建歷時(shi)近90年(nian)。這期間清王朝國力興盛，能工巧匠云集于(yu)此。康(kang)熙(xi)五十年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1711年(nian)）康(kang)熙(xi)帝還(huan)親自在山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)午門(men)上(shang)題寫了(le)“避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)”門(men)額。避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)主要分(fen)為(wei)宮殿(dian)區和(he)苑景(jing)區兩(liang)部(bu)分(fen)。

宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)區位于山莊南(nan)(nan)部，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)室建(jian)筑林(lin)立，布局(ju)嚴整，是紫禁城的(de)縮影。其布局(ju)運用了“前(qian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)后苑”的(de)傳統手法。宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)位于山莊南(nan)(nan)端(duan)，包括正(zheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)、松(song)鶴(he)(he)齋、東(dong)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)和萬壑松(song)風(feng)四組建(jian)筑群。正(zheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)在宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)區西(xi)側，是清代皇(huang)帝(di)處(chu)理政務和居(ju)住之所(suo)，按(an)“前(qian)朝(chao)后寢(qin)”的(de)形制，由(you)九進院落(luo)組成(cheng)；布局(ju)嚴整，建(jian)筑外形簡樸(pu)，裝修淡(dan)雅(ya)。主殿(dian)全由(you)四川、云南(nan)(nan)的(de)名貴楠木建(jian)成(cheng)，素身燙(tang)蠟，雕刻(ke)精美。庭院大小、回廊高低(di)、山石配(pei)置(zhi)、樹(shu)木種植(zhi)，都使人(ren)感到平易親切，與京城巍峨豪華(hua)的(de)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)大不相同。松(song)鶴(he)(he)齋在正(zheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)之東(dong)，由(you)七進院落(luo)組成(cheng)，庭中古松(song)聳峙，環境(jing)清幽。萬壑松(song)風(feng)在松(song)鶴(he)(he)齋之北，是乾(qian)隆幼時讀(du)書之處(chu)，六幢大小不同的(de)建(jian)筑錯落(luo)布置(zhi)，以回廊相連，富于南(nan)(nan)方(fang)園林(lin)建(jian)筑之特色。東(dong)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)在松(song)鶴(he)(he)齋之東(dong)，已毀于火災。

苑景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)又分湖(hu)泊(bo)區(qu)、平(ping)原區(qu)和山(shan)(shan)岳區(qu)。湖(hu)泊(bo)區(qu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)風景(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)。被小州(zhou)嶼分隔成形(xing)式各(ge)(ge)異(yi)、意趣不同(tong)的(de)(de)湖(hu)面，用長堤、小橋(qiao)、曲徑縱橫相連。湖(hu)岸(an)曲逶，樓(lou)(lou)閣相間(jian)，層次豐(feng)富(fu)，一(yi)派江(jiang)南(nan)水鄉風光。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑采用分散(san)布局之(zhi)手法，園中(zhong)有(you)園，每(mei)組(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑都形(xing)成獨立的(de)(de)小天地(di)。山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)72景(jing)(jing)(jing)就有(you)31景(jing)(jing)(jing)在湖(hu)區(qu)。煙(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)仿嘉興南(nan)湖(hu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)煙(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)而(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian)。主樓(lou)(lou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)各(ge)(ge)寬5間(jian)的(de)(de)兩層樓(lou)(lou)，周(zhou)圍回廊(lang)相抱，四(si)面為(wei)(wei)對山(shan)(shan)齋，齋前假山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)又建(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)六(liu)角(jiao)亭(ting)，布局玲瓏精巧，環境幽雅宜人(ren)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)避暑山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)最著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)勝(sheng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)一(yi)。山(shan)(shan)阜平(ping)臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)三間(jian)殿(dian)和帝(di)王閣，俗(su)(su)稱“金山(shan)(shan)亭(ting)”，六(liu)角(jiao)形(xing)，共3層，內(nei)供(gong)玉(yu)皇大(da)帝(di)。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)區(qu)最高(gao)點(dian)，與(yu)煙(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)同(tong)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)的(de)(de)代表性風景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)。平(ping)原區(qu)的(de)(de)萬(wan)(wan)樹(shu)(shu)園北依山(shan)(shan)麓，南(nan)臨湖(hu)區(qu)，占地(di)80公頃，遍植(zhi)名(ming)木佳(jia)樹(shu)(shu)，西邊(bian)地(di)面空曠，綠草如茵，為(wei)(wei)清(qing)帝(di)巡幸山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)時放(fang)牧之(zhi)地(di)。園內(nei)無任(ren)何建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑，只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)按蒙(meng)古(gu)習俗(su)(su)設置了蒙(meng)古(gu)區(qu)與(yu)活(huo)動房屋，清(qing)帝(di)常在此舉行馬技、雜枝、摔(shuai)跤、放(fang)焰火等(deng)活(huo)動。并接見各(ge)(ge)民族的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)層人(ren)物與(yu)外國使節。御幄(wo)專供(gong)皇上(shang)(shang)使用，直徑7丈2尺(chi)，幄(wo)內(nei)張掛(gua)壁毯，地(di)上(shang)(shang)鋪白氈，頂上(shang)(shang)掛(gua)各(ge)(ge)種精美的(de)(de)宮燈。萬(wan)(wan)樹(shu)(shu)園旁有(you)一(yi)座舍利塔，形(xing)制仿杭州(zhou)六(liu)和塔，是(shi)(shi)(shi)乾隆十九年（公元1754年）改(gai)造，高(gao)65米，八角(jiao)九層。文津閣是(shi)(shi)(shi)皇家(jia)七大(da)藏(zang)書樓(lou)(lou)之(zhi)一(yi)，為(wei)(wei)藏(zang)《四(si)庫全(quan)書》依照(zhao)寧波天一(yi)閣而(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)(shan)岳區(qu)最著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)風景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)梨樹(shu)(shu)峪，因這里有(you)萬(wan)(wan)樹(shu)(shu)梨花，花香襲人(ren)，花色似雪(xue)而(er)得名(ming)。西北隅(yu)高(gao)峰(feng)上(shang)(shang)，有(you)一(yi)座四(si)面云山(shan)(shan)亭(ting)，亭(ting)居于峰(feng)巔，歇山(shan)(shan)頂，四(si)面開門(men)窗，可登此俯覽群山(shan)(shan)，遠近景(jing)(jing)(jing)色盡收眼底。棒錘山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)頂有(you)一(yi)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)石棒錘，下(xia)面有(you)石臺(tai)。棒錘高(gao)38.29米，頂部(bu)直徑15.04米，根(gen)部(bu)直徑10.7米，生成三百萬(wan)(wan)年來(lai)，一(yi)直挺立不倒，為(wei)(wei)承德一(yi)大(da)奇觀。

避暑山莊周圍(wei)12座建(jian)筑(zhu)風格各(ge)異的(de)寺(si)廟，是當時清(qing)政府為了團結(jie)蒙(meng)古、新(xin)疆、西藏等地(di)區的(de)少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)，利(li)用宗教作(zuo)為籠絡手段(duan)而(er)修建(jian)的(de)。其中的(de)8座由清(qing)政府直接管(guan)理，故被稱(cheng)為“外八廟”。廟宇按照建(jian)筑(zhu)風格分為藏式寺(si)廟、漢(han)式寺(si)廟和漢(han)藏結(jie)合式寺(si)廟三種。這(zhe)些(xie)寺(si)廟融和了漢(han)、藏等民(min)族(zu)建(jian)筑(zhu)藝術的(de)精華，氣勢(shi)宏偉，極具皇家風范。

避(bi)暑山莊(zhuang)及周圍寺(si)廟(miao)，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)現存最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)帝王苑囿和皇(huang)家寺(si)廟(miao)群(qun)。它集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)藝(yi)術和建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)成，是具有(you)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杰作(zuo)。在(zai)造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)上，它繼(ji)承和發(fa)展了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)典園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)“以(yi)人為之(zhi)(zhi)美入自然(ran)，符合自然(ran)而又超(chao)越自然(ran)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)思想，總(zong)結并創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性地運(yun)用(yong)了各(ge)種造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素材(cai)、造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技法，使(shi)其成為自然(ran)山水園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杰出代(dai)(dai)表。在(zai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上，它繼(ji)承、發(fa)展、并創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性地運(yun)用(yong)各(ge)種建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技藝(yi)，擷取(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)南北名園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)名寺(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)華，仿中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)創(chuang)，表達了“移天縮(suo)地在(zai)君懷”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)主題。在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)與(yu)(yu)寺(si)廟(miao)、單體與(yu)(yu)組群(qun)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體構(gou)建上，避(bi)暑山莊(zhuang)及周圍寺(si)廟(miao)實現了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)南北造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融合。它囊括了亭臺閣(ge)寺(si)等中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)部(bu)分建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)象，展示了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)木(mu)架結構(gou)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高超(chao)技藝(yi)，并實現了木(mu)架結構(gou)與(yu)(yu)磚石結構(gou)、漢式建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式與(yu)(yu)少數民族建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完美結合。加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)裝飾及佛教造(zao)(zao)像等中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)最(zui)高超(chao)技藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)用(yong)，構(gou)成了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奇觀。