承(cheng)德(de)避(bi)暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)，又稱“熱河(he)行宮(gong)”，坐落于中(zhong)(zhong)國北(bei)部(bu)河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)承(cheng)德(de)市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)心以北(bei)的(de)狹長谷(gu)地(di)上，占地(di)面積584公頃。避(bi)暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)始建(jian)于清康熙(xi)四十二年（公元(yuan)1703年），雍正（公元(yuan)1723—1736年在位）時(shi)代一度暫停營建(jian)，清乾隆(long)(long)六年至五(wu)十七年（公元(yuan)1741—1792年）又繼續修建(jian)，增加(jia)了(le)乾隆(long)(long)36景和(he)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)外的(de)外八廟。整(zheng)個避(bi)暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)營建(jian)歷(li)時(shi)近90年。這期(qi)間清王朝(chao)國力興盛，能(neng)工巧匠云(yun)集于此。康熙(xi)五(wu)十年（公元(yuan)1711年）康熙(xi)帝還親自在山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)午門上題寫了(le)“避(bi)暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)”門額。避(bi)暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)主要分為宮(gong)殿區和(he)苑景區兩部(bu)分。

宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)區位于山(shan)莊(zhuang)南(nan)(nan)部，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室建筑林(lin)立，布(bu)局(ju)嚴整，是紫禁城的(de)縮影。其布(bu)局(ju)運用了“前(qian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后苑”的(de)傳統手法。宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)位于山(shan)莊(zhuang)南(nan)(nan)端，包括(kuo)正宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、松(song)鶴齋(zhai)、東(dong)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)萬壑松(song)風四組建筑群。正宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)區西側，是清(qing)代皇(huang)帝(di)處理政務(wu)和(he)(he)居住之(zhi)(zhi)所，按“前(qian)朝后寢”的(de)形(xing)制(zhi)，由(you)(you)九進院(yuan)(yuan)落組成(cheng)；布(bu)局(ju)嚴整，建筑外形(xing)簡樸，裝修(xiu)淡(dan)雅(ya)。主(zhu)殿(dian)全由(you)(you)四川(chuan)、云南(nan)(nan)的(de)名(ming)貴楠木建成(cheng)，素身燙蠟，雕刻精美(mei)。庭院(yuan)(yuan)大小、回廊高低、山(shan)石配(pei)置、樹木種(zhong)植(zhi)，都使人(ren)感到平易親切，與京城巍峨(e)豪(hao)華的(de)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)大不相同(tong)。松(song)鶴齋(zhai)在正宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)，由(you)(you)七進院(yuan)(yuan)落組成(cheng)，庭中古松(song)聳峙，環境清(qing)幽(you)。萬壑松(song)風在松(song)鶴齋(zhai)之(zhi)(zhi)北，是乾隆(long)幼時(shi)讀書之(zhi)(zhi)處，六幢(chuang)大小不同(tong)的(de)建筑錯落布(bu)置，以回廊相連，富于南(nan)(nan)方園(yuan)林(lin)建筑之(zhi)(zhi)特色。東(dong)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在松(song)鶴齋(zhai)之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)，已毀于火災。

苑景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)又(you)分(fen)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、平原區(qu)(qu)(qu)和山(shan)(shan)岳區(qu)(qu)(qu)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)莊風景(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)重點。被小州嶼分(fen)隔成(cheng)形式各異、意趣不(bu)同的(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)，用長堤、小橋、曲徑縱橫(heng)相(xiang)連。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)岸曲逶(wei)，樓(lou)閣(ge)相(xiang)間(jian)，層(ceng)次豐富，一(yi)(yi)(yi)派江南水鄉風光。建(jian)筑采用分(fen)散布局之(zhi)手法，園中有(you)(you)園，每組建(jian)筑都形成(cheng)獨立的(de)(de)小天地(di)。山(shan)(shan)莊72景(jing)(jing)就有(you)(you)31景(jing)(jing)在湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。煙雨樓(lou)仿嘉興南湖(hu)(hu)(hu)中的(de)(de)煙雨樓(lou)而(er)(er)建(jian)。主樓(lou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下各寬5間(jian)的(de)(de)兩層(ceng)樓(lou)，周圍回廊相(xiang)抱，四(si)面(mian)為對山(shan)(shan)齋，齋前(qian)假山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)又(you)建(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)(liu)角(jiao)亭(ting)，布局玲瓏精(jing)巧，環境(jing)幽雅宜人，是(shi)(shi)(shi)避暑山(shan)(shan)莊最著名的(de)(de)勝(sheng)景(jing)(jing)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。山(shan)(shan)阜平臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)建(jian)有(you)(you)三間(jian)殿(dian)和帝(di)(di)王閣(ge)，俗稱“金山(shan)(shan)亭(ting)”，六(liu)(liu)角(jiao)形，共(gong)3層(ceng)，內(nei)供(gong)玉皇大帝(di)(di)。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)最高點，與煙雨樓(lou)同為山(shan)(shan)莊的(de)(de)代(dai)表性風景(jing)(jing)點。平原區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)萬(wan)樹園北(bei)依山(shan)(shan)麓，南臨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，占地(di)80公(gong)頃，遍(bian)植名木佳(jia)樹，西邊(bian)地(di)面(mian)空曠，綠草如茵，為清帝(di)(di)巡幸山(shan)(shan)莊時放(fang)牧之(zhi)地(di)。園內(nei)無任(ren)何(he)建(jian)筑，只是(shi)(shi)(shi)按蒙(meng)古習(xi)俗設置了(le)蒙(meng)古區(qu)(qu)(qu)與活動(dong)(dong)房屋，清帝(di)(di)常(chang)在此舉行馬技、雜枝、摔跤、放(fang)焰火等(deng)活動(dong)(dong)。并接見各民族(zu)的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)人物與外國(guo)使節。御幄(wo)專(zhuan)供(gong)皇上(shang)(shang)(shang)使用，直(zhi)(zhi)徑7丈2尺，幄(wo)內(nei)張掛壁毯(tan)，地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)鋪白氈，頂上(shang)(shang)(shang)掛各種精(jing)美的(de)(de)宮燈(deng)。萬(wan)樹園旁有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座舍利塔，形制仿杭州六(liu)(liu)和塔，是(shi)(shi)(shi)乾隆(long)十九年（公(gong)元1754年）改造，高65米(mi)，八(ba)角(jiao)九層(ceng)。文(wen)津閣(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)皇家(jia)七大藏書(shu)(shu)樓(lou)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，為藏《四(si)庫全書(shu)(shu)》依照寧波天一(yi)(yi)(yi)閣(ge)而(er)(er)建(jian)。山(shan)(shan)岳區(qu)(qu)(qu)最著名的(de)(de)風景(jing)(jing)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)梨(li)(li)樹峪，因(yin)這里有(you)(you)萬(wan)樹梨(li)(li)花(hua)，花(hua)香襲人，花(hua)色(se)(se)似(si)雪而(er)(er)得名。西北(bei)隅高峰上(shang)(shang)(shang)，有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座四(si)面(mian)云山(shan)(shan)亭(ting)，亭(ting)居于(yu)峰巔，歇山(shan)(shan)頂，四(si)面(mian)開門窗(chuang)，可登此俯(fu)覽(lan)群(qun)山(shan)(shan)，遠近景(jing)(jing)色(se)(se)盡(jin)收眼底(di)。棒(bang)(bang)錘(chui)山(shan)(shan)峰頂有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)巨大的(de)(de)石棒(bang)(bang)錘(chui)，下面(mian)有(you)(you)石臺(tai)。棒(bang)(bang)錘(chui)高38.29米(mi)，頂部直(zhi)(zhi)徑15.04米(mi)，根部直(zhi)(zhi)徑10.7米(mi)，生成(cheng)三百萬(wan)年來，一(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)挺(ting)立不(bu)倒，為承德一(yi)(yi)(yi)大奇觀(guan)。

避暑山莊周圍12座建(jian)(jian)筑風格各(ge)異的寺(si)(si)廟(miao)，是當時清政(zheng)府為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)團結蒙古、新(xin)疆、西藏等地區的少(shao)數民族，利(li)用宗(zong)教作為(wei)(wei)(wei)籠絡手段而修建(jian)(jian)的。其中的8座由清政(zheng)府直(zhi)接(jie)管理，故被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“外(wai)八廟(miao)”。廟(miao)宇按照建(jian)(jian)筑風格分為(wei)(wei)(wei)藏式(shi)寺(si)(si)廟(miao)、漢(han)(han)式(shi)寺(si)(si)廟(miao)和漢(han)(han)藏結合式(shi)寺(si)(si)廟(miao)三種。這些(xie)寺(si)(si)廟(miao)融和了(le)漢(han)(han)、藏等民族建(jian)(jian)筑藝術的精(jing)華，氣(qi)勢宏(hong)偉，極具皇家風范。

避暑山莊及周圍寺(si)廟，是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)存(cun)最大的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)帝王苑囿和(he)皇(huang)家寺(si)廟群。它集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)藝(yi)術和(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝(yi)術之大成，是具有創造(zao)(zao)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)杰(jie)作。在造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)上(shang)，它繼(ji)承和(he)發展(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)典(dian)園(yuan)林(lin)“以人(ren)為之美入自然，符合自然而又超越自然”的(de)(de)(de)傳統造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)思(si)想，總結并(bing)創造(zao)(zao)性地運(yun)(yun)用了(le)(le)(le)各種造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)素材(cai)、造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)技(ji)法，使(shi)其成為自然山水園(yuan)與(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)園(yuan)林(lin)化的(de)(de)(de)杰(jie)出代(dai)(dai)表。在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)上(shang)，它繼(ji)承、發展(zhan)、并(bing)創造(zao)(zao)性地運(yun)(yun)用各種建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)技(ji)藝(yi)，擷取中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)南北名園(yuan)名寺(si)的(de)(de)(de)精華，仿中(zhong)(zhong)有創，表達(da)了(le)(le)(le)“移天縮地在君懷”的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)主(zhu)題。在園(yuan)林(lin)與(yu)寺(si)廟、單體(ti)與(yu)組群建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)上(shang)，避暑山莊及周圍寺(si)廟實現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)南北造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)和(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)(de)融合。它囊括了(le)(le)(le)亭臺閣寺(si)等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)大部分建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形象，展(zhan)示了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)木架結構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)高超技(ji)藝(yi)，并(bing)實現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)木架結構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)與(yu)磚石結構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、漢式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形式與(yu)少數民(min)族(zu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形式的(de)(de)(de)完美結合。加之建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)及佛教造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)最高超技(ji)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)用，構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)成了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)史上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)奇觀。