網球場地標準尺寸是多少
1、球場
網球場(chang)地(di)(di)整體(ti)呈(cheng)一(yi)個長(chang)方形,標準尺寸(cun)是36560毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(長(chang))×18280毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(寬),這(zhe)個尺寸(cun)是網球場(chang)地(di)(di)整體(ti)標準。其(qi)中比賽場(chang)地(di)(di)尺寸(cun)是23770毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(長(chang))×10970毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(寬)。半場(chang)對(dui)角線長(chang)16170毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。如果是兩片或兩片以上相(xiang)連(lian)而(er)建的(de)并行網球場(chang)地(di)(di)。相(xiang)鄰場(chang)地(di)(di)邊線之間的(de)距(ju)離不(bu)小于4.0米(mi)(mi)。如果是室內網球場(chang),端線6.40米(mi)(mi)以外的(de)上空凈(jing)(jing)高(gao)不(bu)小于6.40米(mi)(mi),室內屋(wu)頂(ding)在球網上空的(de)凈(jing)(jing)高(gao)不(bu)低于11.50米(mi)(mi)。
2、場地線條
(1)單、雙打兼用的場劃線步驟
首先選擇球網(wang)位(wei)置(zhi),劃一(yi)(yi)長12.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)直線(xian)(xian)(基準線(xian)(xian)),在中點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處(chu)做一(yi)(yi)記號X,然(ran)(ran)后由此(ci)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)向(xiang)兩(liang)側(ce)丈量,定(ding)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)如下:a、b點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)各(ge)(ge)距(ju)中點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)X4.11米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),球網(wang)于此(ci)處(chu)與單打邊(bian)線(xian)(xian)相(xiang)(xiang)交。n、n點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為單打支柱的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi),各(ge)(ge)距(ju)中點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)X5.03米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。A、B點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)各(ge)(ge)距(ju)中點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)X5.49米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),球網(wang)與此(ci)處(chu)與雙(shuang)打邊(bian)線(xian)(xian)相(xiang)(xiang)交。N、N點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為雙(shuang)打網(wang)柱的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi),各(ge)(ge)距(ju)中點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)X6.40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。 在A、B點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加釘,并分別(bie)(bie)與一(yi)(yi)量尺的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)端相(xiang)(xiang)連,從(cong)A點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)心量16.18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)成(cheng)AC線(xian)(xian)(半場(chang)對(dui)角(jiao)線(xian)(xian)),從(cong)B點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量11.89米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)成(cheng)BC線(xian)(xian)(半場(chang)邊(bian)線(xian)(xian)),然(ran)(ran)后拉(la)緊AC、BC線(xian)(xian),使這兩(liang)線(xian)(xian)相(xiang)(xiang)交于C點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),即(ji)半場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)角(jiao)。反向(xiang)丈量可找出(chu)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)角(jiao)D點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。上述操作是否準確,可檢驗CD線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)長度,這條端線(xian)(xian)應長10.97米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。同(tong)時可標出(chu)中點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)J和單打邊(bian)線(xian)(xian),c、d兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分別(bie)(bie)距(ju)C、D點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)1.37米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。 中線(xian)(xian)和發球線(xian)(xian)各(ge)(ge)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)F、H、G均可分別(bie)(bie)在bc、XJ、ad線(xian)(xian)上距(ju)球網(wang)6.40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)劃出(chu)。用同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)方法再劃出(chu)球網(wang)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)球場(chang)。
(2)單打專用場地劃線步驟
a、b、c、d、外(wai)邊之線均(jun)不必(bi)劃。也可在(zai)a、b處(chu)加釘,分別與一量尺相連(lian)以(yi)代替(ti)A、B,再用14.46米(mi)和11.89米(mi)的(de)長度,找出單(dan)打端線兩角c、d。網柱(zhu)在(zai)n、n處(chu),并應使用10米(mi)長的(de)單(dan)打球網。
(3)單打、雙打兼用球場
若單打(da)時掛著雙打(da)球網,則須在(zai)n、n處用兩根1.07米(mi)高(gao)的(de)支柱(zhu)將網撐起,支柱(zhu)的(de)直徑(jing)或(huo)邊(bian)長不得超過(guo)7.5厘米(mi),支柱(zhu)的(de)中心應距單打(da)邊(bian)線外沿0.914米(mi),這兩根網柱(zhu)稱為(wei)“單一(yi)打(da)支柱(zhu)”。為(wei)了便于(yu)安置單打(da)支柱(zhu),應在(zai)場地(di)上的(de)n、n點處用白(bai)點標出。
3、球場種類
網球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場(chang)可(ke)分(fen)為室外和(he)室內,且有(you)各種(zhong)不同的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場(chang)表面。其將由(you)經濟因素所(suo)決定。例如草地(di)網球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)是最基的(de)戶外場(chang)地(di),但是其建立和(he)保(bao)養(yang)(yang)費用(yong)太昂貴(gui),所(suo)以(yi)現(xian)在以(yi)由(you)人造(zao)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場(chang)取代(dai),它(ta)較(jiao)便(bian)宜(yi)容易保(bao)養(yang)(yang)。另外有(you)一種(zhong)在歐洲(zhou)盛行(xing)的(de)紅土球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場(chang),其法國公(gong)開賽(sai)即為此種(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場(chang)。
(1)草地場
草(cao)地球(qiu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)歷史最(zui)(zui)(zui)悠久、最(zui)(zui)(zui)具傳(chuan)統意(yi)味的(de)(de)一種場(chang)(chang)(chang)地。其特(te)(te)點是(shi)(shi)球(qiu)落(luo)地時與地面的(de)(de)摩擦(ca)小,球(qiu)的(de)(de)反彈速(su)度快(kuai),對球(qiu)員的(de)(de)反應、靈敏、奔跑的(de)(de)速(su)度和技巧等(deng)要求非常高。因此,草(cao)地往(wang)往(wang)被看成是(shi)(shi)“攻(gong)(gong)勢網(wang)球(qiu)”的(de)(de)天下(xia),發(fa)球(qiu)上網(wang)、隨(sui)球(qiu)上網(wang)等(deng)各種上網(wang)強攻(gong)(gong)戰術幾(ji)(ji)乎(hu)被視為(wei)在(zai)(zai)草(cao)地網(wang)球(qiu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)上制勝的(de)(de)法寶,底線(xian)型選手則在(zai)(zai)草(cao)地網(wang)球(qiu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)上難有成就。但是(shi)(shi),由于草(cao)地球(qiu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)對草(cao)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)質、規格要求極(ji)高,加之氣(qi)候的(de)(de)限制以及(ji)保養與維(wei)護費用昂(ang)貴,很難被推(tui)廣到(dao)世界(jie)各地。目前每年的(de)(de)寥(liao)寥(liao)幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)草(cao)地職業(ye)網(wang)球(qiu)賽事幾(ji)(ji)乎(hu)都是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)英倫三島上舉行,且時間集中在(zai)(zai)六、七(qi)月份,溫布爾登錦(jin)標賽是(shi)(shi)其中最(zui)(zui)(zui)古老也最(zui)(zui)(zui)負盛名的(de)(de)一項。
(2)紅土場
更(geng)確切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)“軟(ruan)性(xing)球(qiu)(qiu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)”,其最典型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表就(jiu)是(shi)紅土場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)國(guo)網球(qiu)(qiu)公開(kai)賽(sai)。另外,常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種沙地(di)(di)(di)(di)、泥(ni)地(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)都可稱為軟(ruan)性(xing)場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。此種場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)特點是(shi)球(qiu)(qiu)落地(di)(di)(di)(di)時(shi)與地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)有較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩擦,球(qiu)(qiu)速較慢(man),球(qiu)(qiu)員在(zai)(zai)跑(pao)動中特別是(shi)在(zai)(zai)急(ji)停(ting)急(ji)回時(shi)會有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)動余地(di)(di)(di)(di),這就(jiu)決定了(le)球(qiu)(qiu)員必須具備比在(zai)(zai)其他(ta)場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)上更(geng)出色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體能(neng)、奔跑(pao)和(he)移動能(neng)力,以及(ji)更(geng)頑強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意志品質(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)這種場(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)上比賽(sai)對球(qiu)(qiu)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)(di)線相(xiang)持(chi)功夫是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)驗(yan),球(qiu)(qiu)員一(yi)(yi)般要付出數(shu)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汗水(shui)及(ji)耐心在(zai)(zai)底(di)(di)線與對手(shou)(shou)周(zhou)旋,獲勝(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)往(wang)往(wang)不是(shi)打法(fa)(fa)(fa)兇悍(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)球(qiu)(qiu)上網型(xing)(xing)選手(shou)(shou),而是(shi)在(zai)(zai)底(di)(di)線艱苦奮(fen)斗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)方。
(3)硬地場
現(xian)代大(da)部分的(de)比賽都是在硬(ying)地(di)(di)(di)網(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場上進行的(de),也是最(zui)普通和最(zui)常(chang)見的(de)一(yi)種場地(di)(di)(di)。硬(ying)地(di)(di)(di)網(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場一(yi)般由水(shui)泥和瀝青鋪墊而(er)成,其(qi)上涂有紅、綠色塑(su)膠(jiao)面層,其(qi)表面平整、硬(ying)度(du)(du)高,球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)彈跳非常(chang)有規律,但球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)反彈速度(du)(du)很快。許(xu)多(duo)優(you)秀的(de)網(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)選手認(ren)為,硬(ying)地(di)(di)(di)網(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)更具(ju)“爆發(fa)力”,而(er)且網(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比賽中硬(ying)地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場占主導地(di)(di)(di)位,必須(xu)格(ge)外(wai)重視。需注意(yi)的(de)是硬(ying)地(di)(di)(di)不(bu)如(ru)其(qi)他質地(di)(di)(di)的(de)場地(di)(di)(di)彈性(xing)好(hao),地(di)(di)(di)表的(de)反作用強而(er)僵硬(ying),所(suo)以容易(yi)對球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)員造成傷害(hai),而(er)且這種損害(hai)已使許(xu)多(duo)優(you)秀的(de)網(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)選手付出了(le)很大(da)代價。
(4)地毯場
顧名思義,這是(shi)一(yi)種“便(bian)攜(xie)式”可卷起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)網球場(chang)(chang)(chang),其(qi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)塑膠面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)、尼(ni)龍編(bian)織面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)等(deng),一(yi)般用專門的(de)(de)(de)膠水粘接于(yu)具(ju)有(you)(you)一(yi)定強度(du)和硬度(du)的(de)(de)(de)瀝青(qing)、水泥、混凝土底基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)地面(mian)(mian)上即可,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)甚(shen)至(zhi)可以直接鋪展(zhan)或粘接于(yu)任何有(you)(you)支持力的(de)(de)(de)地面(mian)(mian)上,其(qi)鋪卷方便(bian)、適于(yu)運輸且(qie)有(you)(you)非(fei)常強的(de)(de)(de)適應性,室內室外(wai)甚(shen)至(zhi)屋頂都可采(cai)用。球的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)需視場(chang)(chang)(chang)地表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平整度(du)及地毯表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)粗糙(cao)程(cheng)度(du)而定。在(zai)保養上此種場(chang)(chang)(chang)地也(ye)是(shi)非(fei)常簡單的(de)(de)(de),只要(yao)保持地面(mian)(mian)清(qing)潔,不破損、不積水(對與相應的(de)(de)(de)排水設施配套)就可以了(le)。
網球場的標準高度
1、室外網球場
室(shi)外網球(qiu)(qiu)場地的四周(zhou)圍擋(dang)網高度(du)一般在4-6米之間,視球(qiu)(qiu)場周(zhou)圍環境(jing)與建筑物高度(du),也可適量增(zeng)減。 需要安裝照明燈光的網球(qiu)(qiu)場,除室(shi)內屋頂(ding)燈具分布(bu)外,室(shi)外球(qiu)(qiu)場上空(kong)和(he)端線兩側(ce)不應(ying)設置燈具。室(shi)外網球(qiu)(qiu)場燈具應(ying)設置在兩側(ce)圍擋(dang)網距地面(mian)(mian)高7.60米以上,燈光從球(qiu)(qiu)場兩側(ce)場面(mian)(mian)均勻照射。室(shi)外網球(qiu)(qiu)場首先要考慮的問(wen)題:
(1)日(ri)照問題:為(wei)了(le)避免日(ri)光弦目,室(shi)外網球場走向多為(wei)南北(bei)走向,如果(guo)周圍有建筑物(wu)遮蔽,可另行別論(lun)。
(2)降雨排水問題:為(wei)了保證在(zai)最短時間內恢(hui)復(fu)場地的正常使(shi)用,國際(ji)網聯(lian)規定,室外場地的散水坡為(wei)橫向,坡度不大于8‰。
2、室內網球場
如果是(shi)室內網(wang)球場(chang),端線(xian)6.40米(mi)以外上(shang)空凈(jing)高(gao)不(bu)小于(yu)6.40米(mi),室內屋頂在球網(wang)上(shang)空的凈(jing)高(gao)不(bu)小于(yu)11.50米(mi)。
比賽場地的布置與要求
1、裁判席
根據比賽級別決定設裁判的人數。建造網球場主裁判和副裁判在網球場的(de)兩側,其他(ta)(ta)司線(xian)裁判(pan)(pan)在他(ta)(ta)司線(xian)的(de)場外。主裁判(pan)(pan)椅上(shang)執行裁判(pan)(pan)工(gong)作。
2、其他要求
在球網(wang)、中心帶(dai)、網(wang)邊(bian)白布或單打(da)支柱上(shang)不得有廣告。
如在球場后面放置(zhi)廣(guang)告(gao)或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)物品時(shi),則不(bu)得使用(yong)白(bai)色(se)、黃(huang)色(se)。任何淺(qian)顏色(se),只有當其(qi)不(bu)妨(fang)礙(ai)運(yun)(yun)動員視線(xian)時(shi),方可使用(yong)。如廣(guang)告(gao)放置(zhi)在司線(xian)員坐(zuo)椅上,也不(bu)得使用(yong)白(bai)色(se)或(huo)黃(huang)色(se),不(bu)妨(fang)礙(ai)運(yun)(yun)動員視線(xian)時(shi)方可使用(yong)。
記(ji)分牌的位置應靠場地(di)端(duan)線(xian)外(wai)把角的地(di)方(fang),面(mian)對主(zhu)裁判(pan)和觀(guan)眾。
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