一、電子陶瓷是絕緣體還是導體

一(yi)般認為(wei)，陶瓷是良好的(de)絕緣體，它(ta)一(yi)般不(bu)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)，因為(wei)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)外層電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)通(tong)常受到原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)核的(de)吸引力(li)，被(bei)束縛在各自(zi)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)周圍，不(bu)能自(zi)由運動(dong)，不(bu)過電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)陶瓷具有(you)極為(wei)寬(kuan)廣的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣特性，從一(yi)般的(de)絕緣體，到半導(dao)體，導(dao)體、甚至超(chao)導(dao)體，都有(you)不(bu)同的(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)陶瓷產品。

電子陶(tao)瓷(ci)的種(zhong)類眾多，其(qi)中(zhong)絕緣陶(tao)瓷(ci)裝(zhuang)置瓷(ci)和介電陶(tao)瓷(ci)是(shi)絕緣體，半導體陶(tao)瓷(ci)是(shi)半導體，離子陶(tao)瓷(ci)是(shi)導體，還有一(yi)種(zhong)超導陶(tao)瓷(ci)屬于超導體。

二、電子陶瓷導電原理是什么

電子陶瓷有的導電，有的不導電，導電的電子陶瓷一(yi)般是通過一(yi)定的(de)工藝處理(li)，使(shi)其具有導電功能(neng)的(de)。

某(mou)些(xie)氧化物陶(tao)瓷加熱時，處于原子外層(ceng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)子可以(yi)獲得(de)足夠的(de)能(neng)量，以(yi)便克服(fu)原子核對它(ta)的(de)吸(xi)引力，而成為可以(yi)自由(you)運動的(de)自由(you)電(dian)(dian)子，這種(zhong)陶(tao)瓷就變成導電(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷。

一般(ban)當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過(guo)材(cai)料時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)可以有兩種方(fang)式通過(guo)晶(jing)格(ge)運(yun)動來(lai)(lai)完成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷輸運(yun)過(guo)程：①電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)脫離(li)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)成為自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，在(zai)晶(jing)格(ge)中運(yun)動，形(xing)成所謂(wei)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；②電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)核一起(qi)移動產(chan)生所謂(wei)的(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對金(jin)屬來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)其導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要方(fang)式，相(xiang)比之(zhi)下，離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾(ji)乎可忽(hu)(hu)略不計；但對于導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)陶(tao)瓷來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，由于離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)活化能(neng)比較低（一般(ban)在(zai)0.5eV以下），離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已不容忽(hu)(hu)視，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)陶(tao)瓷的(de)(de)主(zhu)要導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式。