【線(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian) 非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)】線(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)和非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的區別 線(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的特性(xing)(xing)

線性元件和非線性元件的區別

在金屬導體中電流跟電壓成正比，伏安特性曲線是通過坐標原點的直線，具有這種伏安特性的電學元件叫做線性元件。

對(dui)歐姆定律不適用的導體和(he)器件，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不成正比(bi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)學(xue)元(yuan)件叫做非(fei)線性(xing)元(yuan)件。非(fei)線性(xing)元(yuan)件是一種通(tong)過(guo)它的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流與加在它兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不成正比(bi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)工材(cai)料，即(ji)它的阻值隨外界情況(kuang)的變化而改變。

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當信(xin)號(hao)(hao)通過(guo)一個(ge)元器件(jian)后(hou)，信(xin)號(hao)(hao)的波(bo)形(xing)(xing)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)改(gai)變(bian)，我(wo)們(men)就稱(cheng)(cheng)之為線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)器件(jian)；比如(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)阻，電(dian)(dian)容。當信(xin)號(hao)(hao)通過(guo)一個(ge)元器件(jian)后(hou)，信(xin)號(hao)(hao)的波(bo)形(xing)(xing)被改(gai)變(bian)了(le)，我(wo)們(men)就稱(cheng)(cheng)之為非線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)器件(jian)；比如(ru)(ru)二極管，交流信(xin)號(hao)(hao)通過(guo)它以后(hou)，只剩下半邊了(le)。線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)與非線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)也是這(zhe)樣；當信(xin)號(hao)(hao)通過(guo)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)后(hou)，信(xin)號(hao)(hao)的波(bo)形(xing)(xing)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)改(gai)變(bian)，我(wo)們(men)就稱(cheng)(cheng)之為線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)；當信(xin)號(hao)(hao)通過(guo)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)后(hou)，信(xin)號(hao)(hao)的波(bo)形(xing)(xing)被改(gai)變(bian)了(le)，我(wo)們(men)就稱(cheng)(cheng)之為非線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)。即(ji)輸入值與輸出值的函數曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)為直線(xian)(xian)(xian)，就是我(wo)們(men)所說的線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)；否則就是非線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)。

線性元件的特性

金屬導體的電流跟電壓成正比，伏安特性曲線是通過坐標原點的直線，電壓與電流的比值叫做電阻，電阻是線性元件。電容和電感雖然不滿足歐姆定律，但其輸入量與輸出量有線性關系：對于電容滿足q=Cu，對于電感則有ψ=Li，這兩條是電容和電感最根本的定義，電容和電感也是線性元件。

輸入量和(he)輸出量沒有線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)關系的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)學元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)叫做(zuo)非(fei)(fei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)。典型的(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)、三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)。求解含有非(fei)(fei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)問題通常(chang)有特殊(shu)方(fang)法：在定性(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)中，重點是(shi)(shi)掌握(wo)理(li)論(lun)上(shang)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)法；而(er)在定量計算中，一(yi)般求出的(de)(de)都只(zhi)能是(shi)(shi)近似(si)結果(guo)。分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)常(chang)用的(de)(de)方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)導通和(he)關斷(duan)情(qing)況討論(lun)，分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)放大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也按照三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)進行了放大(da)、飽和(he)、截止、倒相四種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)類，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)思路(lu)的(de)(de)本質是(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)段線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)化。小信(xin)號分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)法也是(shi)(shi)典型的(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)法之(zhi)一(yi)，其本質是(shi)(shi)將非(fei)(fei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)在小信(xin)號這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)特殊(shu)情(qing)況下進行線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)化等效。

線性元件和非線性元件如何區分

1、電學元件的制成材料并不是“線性元件和非線性元件”的決定因素。例如同樣是金屬材料制成的熱敏電阻、燈泡等都是非(fei)線性元件(jian),而阻(zu)值幾乎(hu)不隨工作條件(jian)變(bian)化的標(biao)準電阻(zu)是線性元件(jian)。

2、滿足歐姆(mu)定(ding)(ding)律(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)元器件(jian)(jian)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)是線(xian)(xian)性元件(jian)(jian)。因為滿足歐姆(mu)定(ding)(ding)律(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)元器件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)伏安(an)特性曲線(xian)(xian)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)是一(yi)條(tiao)過(guo)坐(zuo)標原點的(de)(de)直線(xian)(xian)。它的(de)(de)制(zhi)成材料可以(yi)是金(jin)屬，也可以(yi)是電(dian)解液等(deng)等(deng)。但反過(guo)來說，并不是所(suo)有的(de)(de)由金(jin)屬材料或電(dian)解液制(zhi)成的(de)(de)元器件(jian)(jian)都是滿足歐姆(mu)定(ding)(ding)律(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)性元件(jian)(jian)。