【線(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian) 非(fei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)】線(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)和非(fei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的區別 線(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的特(te)性(xing)(xing)

線性元件和非線性元件的區別

在金屬導體中電流跟電壓成正比，伏安特性曲線是通過坐標原點的直線，具有這種伏安特性的電學元件叫做線性元件。

對歐姆定律不適用的(de)(de)導體(ti)和器件(jian)(jian)，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不成正比的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)學元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)叫做非線性(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。非線性(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)是(shi)一種通過它(ta)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)與加在它(ta)兩端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不成正比的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)工材料，即(ji)它(ta)的(de)(de)阻值隨(sui)外界情況的(de)(de)變(bian)化而改變(bian)。

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當信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)元器件(jian)(jian)(jian)后，信(xin)號(hao)的(de)波(bo)形(xing)(xing)沒(mei)有改變(bian)，我(wo)(wo)們就(jiu)稱之為(wei)(wei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)；比(bi)如電(dian)(dian)阻，電(dian)(dian)容。當信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)元器件(jian)(jian)(jian)后，信(xin)號(hao)的(de)波(bo)形(xing)(xing)被改變(bian)了，我(wo)(wo)們就(jiu)稱之為(wei)(wei)非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)；比(bi)如二(er)極管，交(jiao)流信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)它以(yi)后，只剩下半邊了。線(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)與非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)是這樣；當信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)后，信(xin)號(hao)的(de)波(bo)形(xing)(xing)沒(mei)有改變(bian)，我(wo)(wo)們就(jiu)稱之為(wei)(wei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)；當信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)后，信(xin)號(hao)的(de)波(bo)形(xing)(xing)被改變(bian)了，我(wo)(wo)們就(jiu)稱之為(wei)(wei)非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。即(ji)輸入(ru)值(zhi)與輸出值(zhi)的(de)函(han)數曲(qu)線(xian)為(wei)(wei)直線(xian)，就(jiu)是我(wo)(wo)們所說的(de)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)；否則就(jiu)是非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)。

線性元件的特性

金屬導體的電流跟電壓成正比，伏安特性曲線是通過坐標原點的直線，電壓與電流的比值叫做電阻，電阻是線性元件。電容和電感雖然不滿足歐姆定律，但其輸入量與輸出量有線性關系：對于電容滿足q=Cu，對于電感則有ψ=Li，這兩條是電容和電感最根本的定義，電容和電(dian)感也是線性元件。

輸(shu)入量和輸(shu)出(chu)量沒有線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)關系的(de)(de)電(dian)學元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)叫做非線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。典型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)非線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)是(shi)二極(ji)(ji)管、三(san)極(ji)(ji)管。求(qiu)解(jie)含有非線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)路問(wen)題通常有特殊方法(fa)(fa)(fa)：在定性(xing)(xing)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)，重(zhong)點是(shi)掌握(wo)理(li)論上的(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)；而在定量計算中(zhong)，一(yi)般求(qiu)出(chu)的(de)(de)都只能是(shi)近(jin)似(si)結果。分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)二極(ji)(ji)管常用的(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)分(fen)導通和關斷情(qing)況討論，分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管放大電(dian)路也(ye)按照三(san)極(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態進(jin)行了放大、飽和、截止(zhi)、倒相四種分(fen)類，這種分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)思路的(de)(de)本質是(shi)分(fen)段線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)化。小信(xin)號(hao)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)是(shi)典型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)非線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)路分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)之一(yi)，其本質是(shi)將非線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)路在小信(xin)號(hao)這種特殊情(qing)況下進(jin)行線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)化等(deng)效。

線性元件和非線性元件如何區分

1、電學元件的制成材料并不是“線性元件和非線性元件”的決定因素。例如同樣是金屬材料制成的熱敏電阻、燈泡(pao)等(deng)都是非(fei)線性(xing)(xing)元件,而阻值幾(ji)乎不隨(sui)工作條件變化的標準電阻是線性(xing)(xing)元件。

2、滿(man)足(zu)歐姆定律(lv)的(de)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)一定是(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)性元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。因為滿(man)足(zu)歐姆定律(lv)的(de)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)伏安特性曲(qu)線(xian)一定是(shi)(shi)(shi)一條過(guo)坐標原點的(de)直線(xian)。它(ta)的(de)制(zhi)成材(cai)料可(ke)(ke)以是(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬，也可(ke)(ke)以是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)等等。但反(fan)過(guo)來說，并不是(shi)(shi)(shi)所有的(de)由金屬材(cai)料或電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)制(zhi)成的(de)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)滿(man)足(zu)歐姆定律(lv)的(de)線(xian)性元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。