質子交換膜燃料電池反應方程式

從本質上說，PEMFC是電(dian)解水的(de)一個「逆」裝(zhuang)置。電(dian)解水過程是利用外加(jia)電(dian)源使水發生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)解，從而(er)(er)產生(sheng)(sheng)氫(qing)和(he)氧；然而(er)(er)，燃料(liao)電(dian)池則是氫(qing)和(he)氧發生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)化學反(fan)應產生(sheng)(sheng)水，同時生(sheng)(sheng)產出電(dian)的(de)過程。

所以(yi)燃料(liao)電(dian)池的(de)(de)結構特征(zheng)與電(dian)解水裝置是如(ru)出一轍的(de)(de)，它(ta)主要(yao)由陽極、陰極、電(dian)解質和(he)外部電(dian)路組成。

PEMFC中陽(yang)極(ji)為氫電(dian)極(ji)，陰(yin)極(ji)為氧(yang)電(dian)極(ji)，陰(yin)陽(yang)極(ji)都含(han)有(you)一定量用來加速(su)電(dian)極(ji)上發(fa)生電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學反應的(de)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)劑，兩極(ji)之(zhi)間以質子交換膜作(zuo)為電(dian)解質。

當(dang)氫(qing)氣與氧氣分別通入(ru)陽極(ji)(ji)和陰極(ji)(ji)時，進入(ru)陽極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)氫(qing)氣在催化劑作用(yong)下離(li)化成(cheng)氫(qing)離(li)子(zi)和電子(zi)；電子(zi)經(jing)外電路轉移到(dao)(dao)陰極(ji)(ji)，氫(qing)離(li)子(zi)則(ze)經(jing)質子(zi)交換膜到(dao)(dao)達陰極(ji)(ji)；陰極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)氧氣與氫(qing)離(li)子(zi)及(ji)電子(zi)反應生成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)分子(zi)，其(qi)中產生的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)不(bu)會稀(xi)釋電解(jie)質，卻是隨著尾氣通過(guo)電極(ji)(ji)排出(chu)。

因此(ci)，PEMFC的電化學反應為：2H2+O2→2H2O

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

質子交換膜燃料電池的優點

1、發電過程不(bu)涉(she)及氫氧(yang)燃燒(shao)，因而不(bu)受卡(ka)諾循(xun)環的限制(zhi)，能量轉換率高。

2、發(fa)電時不產生(sheng)污染。

3、發電單元模(mo)塊化，可靠性高，組(zu)裝和維修都很(hen)方便。

4、工作時沒(mei)有噪音。

質子交換膜燃料電池發展瓶頸

1、成本問題

PEMFC的成(cheng)本問題是多(duo)方面引起的，首(shou)先(xian)，由于(yu)其工(gong)作(zuo)條(tiao)件是強酸性環境(jing)，必須使用(yong)昂貴(gui)的Pt作(zuo)為(wei)催化劑(ji)；其次，現今使用(yong)較多(duo)的電解質膜(mo)是性能好的商業Nafion膜(mo)，這就極大(da)提高了PEMFC的生產成(cheng)本。

2、氫源問題

PEMFC最(zui)(zui)理想的(de)燃料是(shi)純氫，但氫氣是(shi)最(zui)(zui)輕的(de)氣體，其儲存和(he)運輸不易(yi)。

3、壽命問題

目(mu)前很多實驗室研究(jiu)PEMFC發(fa)現可達10000h，而實際應用(yong)到(dao)汽車上時，其壽命直線縮(suo)減，使用(yong)壽命有待提高。

質子交換膜燃料電池應用前景

質子交換膜燃料電池發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作為新(xin)一代發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其廣闊的(de)應用(yong)前景可(ke)與(yu)(yu)(yu)計算(suan)機(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)相媲(pi)美。經過多(duo)(duo)年的(de)基礎研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)應用(yong)開發(fa)(fa)，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)用(yong)作汽車動力(li)的(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)已取得(de)實質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性進(jin)展(zhan)，微(wei)型質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)便攜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)小(xiao)型質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)移(yi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)已達(da)到(dao)產品化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度，中(zhong)、大功(gong)率質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)取得(de)了一定(ding)成(cheng)果。由于質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)有(you)望(wang)成(cheng)為移(yi)動裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)重要(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)向，因此(ci)有(you)許多(duo)(duo)問題需(xu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行深入的(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。就備(bei)用(yong)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)而言，除質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堆(dui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量、效率和(he)可(ke)靠性等基礎研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)外，其應用(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)主要(yao)(yao)包括適(shi)應各種環(huan)(huan)境需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)集成(cheng)制(zhi)造技(ji)術(shu)(shu)， 質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)補償與(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變(bian)換(huan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)并聯(lian)運行與(yu)(yu)(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，備(bei)用(yong)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)制(zhi)氫(qing)(qing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)儲氫(qing)(qing)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，適(shi)應環(huan)(huan)境要(yao)(yao)求的(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi))供(gong)(gong)應技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安全(quan)監(jian)控(kong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)排(pai)放技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)基礎自動化(hua)(hua)設備(bei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)開發(fa)(fa)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)采用(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱聯(lian)產聯(lian)供(gong)(gong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，以及(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)設技(ji)術(shu)(shu)等等。采用(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將(jiang)大大提(ti)高(gao)(gao)重要(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)及(ji)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性，使重要(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)以市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)備(bei)用(yong)集中(zhong)柴油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)式向市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)、小(xiao)型質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置、太陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風力(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等分(fen)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)聯(lian)網備(bei)用(yong)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)靈(ling)活發(fa)(fa)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，極大地提(ti)高(gao)(gao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度、節能(neng)水平(ping)和(he)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)效益。