通草的種植方法詳解

如何(he)種植通草？主(zhu)要包括(kuo)4大部分：

1、選地整地

栽培(pei)地應選擇(ze)灌溉(gai)方便、排水(shui)良好得雜木林(lin)(lin)，次生林(lin)(lin)山區溝(gou)谷地、緩(huan)坡地帶，坡度不超過IO壹15度，肥沃得棕色森林(lin)(lin)土、砂質(zhi)土。播種前進行整(zheng)地。

2、繁殖方法

種(zhong)(zhong)子繁殖，適宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)間為(wei)4-10月。選陰(yin)雨天或晴天下午太陽偏斜時(shi)，按行距20-25厘米開(kai)溝條播(bo)，株距可(ke)依土質(zhi)肥瘠、管(guan)(guan)理粗細、排灌難易而定。種(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)人溝內后，覆土2-3厘米，鎮壓(ya)即可(ke)。用(yong)(yong)新高脂(zhi)膜600——800倍(bei)液噴(pen)霧土壤表面，可(ke)保(bao)墑防(fang)水分(fen)蒸發、防(fang)曬抗旱(han)、防(fang)土層板結(jie)，窒(zhi)息(xi)和隔離病(bing)蟲源，提(ti)(ti)高出苗率。通(tong)草(cao)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植除了可(ke)以播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)之外，還可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)扦插或早春根(gen)插。不管(guan)(guan)哪一種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)植方式，對通(tong)草(cao)幼(you)苗的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理非常(chang)重要(yao)。溫度(du)、濕度(du)一定要(yao)合(he)適，還要(yao)合(he)理施肥，增(zeng)強(qiang)幼(you)苗的(de)(de)抗病(bing)能力(li)，使(shi)幼(you)苗可(ke)以茁壯成(cheng)長(chang)。幼(you)苗培(pei)育的(de)(de)好，莖部才能夠更好的(de)(de)生長(chang)，使(shi)得(de)通(tong)草(cao)的(de)(de)產量(liang)和質(zhi)量(liang)都得(de)到有效的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高。

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3、田間管理

播種(zhong)后保持土壤濕(shi)潤，幼苗生(sheng)長期(qi)應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)排(pai)水。幼苗出土后，要及時(shi)撤除蓋(gai)頭草，并除草、間(jian)苗。第一片真葉全(quan)展后，按株(zhu)距6厘米定(ding)苗。苗高30厘米以上應(ying)塔架扶蔓(man)，采取(qu)人工搭架時(shi)可(ke)將各(ge)種(zhong)樹(shu)枝搭成籬笆支架，可(ke)利用小喬(qiao)木或灌木，如蔓(man)荊子(zi)、山(shan)毛豆等(deng)。生(sheng)長期(qi)每年施(shi)農家肥2～3次(ci)。

4、采收加工

每年10-11月間，正是通草莖髓容易通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)脫的(de)(de)適宜期。此時砍取(qu)3年生(sheng)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)枯株(zhu)地(di)上(shang)莖，用(yong)利刀削去上(shang)部(bu)(bu)嫩(nen)莖和葉(xie)片，將(jiang)莖截成(cheng)約70厘米長(chang)的(de)(de)一段，平(ping)放(fang)固定好。隨即(ji)用(yong)一條(tiao)80厘米長(chang)、直徑(jing)與通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)髓部(bu)(bu)相同(tong)的(de)(de)光滑(hua)木棒(bang)，一頭對準髓部(bu)(bu)，用(yong)鐵（木）錘(chui)輕輕敲(qiao)打另一頭，即(ji)可將(jiang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)莖段內的(de)(de)髓部(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)。將(jiang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)的(de)(de)髓部(bu)(bu)稍(shao)加理直后攤(tan)放(fang)在(zai)干凈的(de)(de)竹席上(shang)暴曬，至輕折(zhe)即(ji)斷時為(wei)(wei)足干，即(ji)成(cheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)條(tiao)。暴曬通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)時，要(yao)特別(bie)注(zhu)意不能沾(zhan)露水和水滴，否則會(hui)使通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)條(tiao)發生(sheng)霉變(bian)，出(chu)現黃斑、黑點(dian)，降低成(cheng)品質(zhi)量。曬干的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)草(cao)(cao)條(tiao)，扎成(cheng)捆后堆放(fang)在(zai)干燥的(de)(de)高處，不能受(shou)潮。商品以足干，色雪白，大條(tiao)體輕，心腔有層層薄膜，無(wu)黃斑黑點(dian)者為(wei)(wei)佳。