一、充注制冷劑的方法有哪些
制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)是空調等機器設(she)備(bei)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷裝(zhuang)備(bei)進行制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷操作的(de)媒介物質(zhi),如果制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)泄露或不足了,制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷效果就會大打折扣,這(zhe)時候就需要給裝(zhuang)置重(zhong)新充注制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji),那么制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)怎么充注呢?常見的(de)方法有以下四(si)種(zhong):
1、定量充注法
利用專用的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)充(chong)注(zhu)器,按要(yao)求的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)型(xing)號及(ji)注(zhu)入量(liang)來充(chong)注(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji),將制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)充(chong)注(zhu)器與制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)循環(huan)系(xi)統(tong)連(lian)接(jie)好(hao),打開相(xiang)應的(de)閥門(men),讓(rang)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)鋼瓶中的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)流入量(liang)筒中;對制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)循環(huan)系(xi)統(tong)抽真空后(hou),打開定(ding)(ding)重充(chong)注(zhu)器閥門(men),量(liang)筒中的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)便(bian)進入系(xi)統(tong)中。
2、稱重充注法
將制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)鋼(gang)(gang)瓶傾斜倒放(fang)在小(xiao)臺秤的(de)(de)(de)托盤上(shang),通(tong)(tong)過(guo)干(gan)燥(zao)過(guo)濾器、加液管與三(san)通(tong)(tong)閥相(xiang)連,連接前(qian)先用制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)頂(ding)出連接管內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi),等稱出制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)鋼(gang)(gang)瓶的(de)(de)(de)重量后,再減去制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)充注量,調好秤砣(tuo)的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi),然后打開三(san)通(tong)(tong)閥和制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)鋼(gang)(gang)瓶的(de)(de)(de)閥門(men),使(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)緩(huan)緩(huan)流入制(zhi)(zhi)冷循環(huan)系統即可。當小(xiao)臺秤的(de)(de)(de)秤桿上(shang)移(yi)平衡時(shi),立即關閉三(san)通(tong)(tong)閥。
3、表壓充注法
通過(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)(ji)循環(huan)系統的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)吸氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)來決定充注(zhu)量,將正置的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)(ji)鋼(gang)瓶通過(guo)干燥過(guo)濾(lv)器、接(jie)(jie)管與三(san)(san)通閥相接(jie)(jie),打開三(san)(san)通閥后,制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)(ji)氣(qi)體(ti)即可利用真空(kong)(kong)進(jin)入制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)(ji)循環(huan)系統內;當三(san)(san)通閥上真空(kong)(kong)表壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)值升至(zhi)0.45MPa(空(kong)(kong)調(diao)器應升至(zhi)0.5-0.6MPa)時,關閉(bi)三(san)(san)通閥,通電讓壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan),當真空(kong)(kong)表壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)降為(wei)零時,再打開三(san)(san)通閥,調(diao)整(zheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)為(wei)0.02-0.05MPa,再讓壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一段時間(jian),直到吸氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)穩(wen)定不變,壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)表的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)值達到1.6-2.0MPa時,可停止充注(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)(ji)。
4、經驗充注法
充注制(zhi)冷(leng)劑使真空(kong)表(biao)壓力為(wei)(wei)0.2-0.25MPa(空(kong)調為(wei)(wei)0.3-0.4MPa)左右時,關閉三通閥,通電使壓縮(suo)機運(yun)行(xing)30min,觀察制(zhi)冷(leng)系統的(de)工作情況。若蒸發器已結滿(man)霜、冷(leng)凝器發熱、低壓吸(xi)氣管發涼(liang),則(ze)說明制(zhi)冷(leng)劑充注量(liang)合適(shi)。經驗法(fa)可配(pei)合表(biao)壓法(fa)和稱重法(fa)使用。
二、制冷劑的充注要注意哪些事項
制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)是(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的核(he)心(xin)媒介,制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)充注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)否(fou)正確(que),關(guan)系(xi)到制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的正常運轉,因(yin)此(ci)要采(cai)用正確(que)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)充注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)法,還(huan)要注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)一些(xie)事項。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)充注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)事項有(you):
1、制冷劑的量要合適
制冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)充注(zhu)不足(zu),會使(shi)(shi)蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)量不足(zu),導致壓(ya)縮機吸氣壓(ya)力過低,冷(leng)(leng)量減少并可(ke)能使(shi)(shi)壓(ya)縮機過熱;充注(zhu)過量又(you)會使(shi)(shi)進入(ru)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器的制冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)太(tai)多,導致排(pai)氣壓(ya)力過高,液態制冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)回(hui)流,甚至可(ke)能損壞壓(ya)縮機。
2、注意制冷劑的形態
制(zhi)冷劑(ji)有(you)(you)氣態和液(ye)態兩(liang)種(zhong),不同種(zhong)類的制(zhi)冷劑(ji)充(chong)注方法(fa)(fa)也(ye)有(you)(you)所差異,一般來說,只需(xu)少量制(zhi)冷劑(ji)充(chong)入系統時(shi),通常使用(yong)氣態充(chong)注法(fa)(fa),精度(du)更(geng)高;需(xu)要(yao)充(chong)注大量制(zhi)冷劑(ji)則(ze)多采(cai)用(yong)液(ye)體充(chong)注法(fa)(fa),速度(du)更(geng)快。
3、充注過量如何放出制冷劑
充注制(zhi)冷(leng)劑時,有時需要先將里面的制(zhi)冷(leng)劑放(fang)(fang)出來;充注過量(liang)時也需要放(fang)(fang)出多(duo)余的制(zhi)冷(leng)劑,如(ru)果系統含(han)制(zhi)冷(leng)劑充注量(liang)超過3-5kg,是有回(hui)收價值的,可(ke)以用(yong)專門的回(hui)收裝置回(hui)收;不然的話,讓制(zhi)冷(leng)劑以蒸氣狀排至(zhi)大氣中即(ji)可(ke)。