一、充注制冷劑的方法有哪些
制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑是空調等機器設備、制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)裝備進行制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)操作的(de)媒介(jie)物質,如果制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑泄露或不足了,制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)效果就會大打折扣,這時候就需要(yao)給裝置重新充注(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑,那么制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑怎么充注(zhu)呢?常見(jian)的(de)方(fang)法有以下(xia)四種:
1、定量充注法
利用專用的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)充(chong)注(zhu)(zhu)器,按要求的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)型號及注(zhu)(zhu)入量(liang)來(lai)充(chong)注(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji),將(jiang)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)充(chong)注(zhu)(zhu)器與制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)循環系(xi)統連接好,打(da)開相應的(de)閥門,讓制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)鋼瓶中的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)流入量(liang)筒中;對制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)循環系(xi)統抽真空后,打(da)開定(ding)(ding)重充(chong)注(zhu)(zhu)器閥門,量(liang)筒中的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)便進入系(xi)統中。
2、稱重充注法
將制冷(leng)劑鋼(gang)(gang)瓶(ping)傾斜倒放(fang)在小臺秤的(de)托(tuo)盤(pan)上(shang),通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)干燥(zao)過(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)、加液(ye)管(guan)與三通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)相連(lian),連(lian)接(jie)前先用(yong)制冷(leng)劑頂出連(lian)接(jie)管(guan)內的(de)空氣,等(deng)稱出制冷(leng)劑鋼(gang)(gang)瓶(ping)的(de)重(zhong)量(liang)后(hou),再減去制冷(leng)劑的(de)充注量(liang),調好秤砣的(de)位置(zhi),然后(hou)打開三通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)和(he)制冷(leng)劑鋼(gang)(gang)瓶(ping)的(de)閥(fa)門,使制冷(leng)劑緩緩流入制冷(leng)循(xun)環系統(tong)即可(ke)。當(dang)小臺秤的(de)秤桿上(shang)移平衡時,立即關(guan)閉(bi)三通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)。
3、表壓充注法
通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑循環系統的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)吸(xi)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)力來決定(ding)充注(zhu)量,將正置的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑鋼瓶(ping)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)干燥過(guo)(guo)濾器(qi)、接管與三通(tong)(tong)閥相(xiang)接,打開(kai)三通(tong)(tong)閥后,制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑氣(qi)體即可利用真空(kong)(kong)進入制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑循環系統內;當三通(tong)(tong)閥上真空(kong)(kong)表壓(ya)(ya)力值(zhi)升至(zhi)0.45MPa(空(kong)(kong)調(diao)器(qi)應升至(zhi)0.5-0.6MPa)時,關閉三通(tong)(tong)閥,通(tong)(tong)電讓壓(ya)(ya)縮機運(yun)轉,當真空(kong)(kong)表壓(ya)(ya)力降為零(ling)時,再打開(kai)三通(tong)(tong)閥,調(diao)整壓(ya)(ya)力為0.02-0.05MPa,再讓壓(ya)(ya)縮機運(yun)轉一(yi)段時間,直到吸(xi)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)力穩定(ding)不(bu)變,壓(ya)(ya)力表的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力值(zhi)達到1.6-2.0MPa時,可停止充注(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷劑。
4、經驗充注法
充(chong)注(zhu)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑使(shi)真空表壓(ya)力為(wei)0.2-0.25MPa(空調為(wei)0.3-0.4MPa)左右時,關閉三(san)通(tong)閥(fa),通(tong)電使(shi)壓(ya)縮機運行(xing)30min,觀(guan)察制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)統的工(gong)作情(qing)況。若蒸發器已結滿(man)霜、冷(leng)(leng)凝器發熱、低壓(ya)吸(xi)氣(qi)管發涼,則說明制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑充(chong)注(zhu)量合適。經驗法可配合表壓(ya)法和稱重法使(shi)用(yong)。
二、制冷劑的充注要注意哪些事項
制冷劑是制冷系(xi)統的核心(xin)媒介,制冷劑充(chong)注是否正(zheng)確,關系(xi)到制冷系(xi)統的正(zheng)常(chang)運轉,因此要采用(yong)正(zheng)確的制冷劑充(chong)注方法(fa),還要注意一些(xie)事項。制冷劑充(chong)注注意事項有:
1、制冷劑的量要合適
制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)充注不足,會(hui)(hui)使蒸發器(qi)(qi)蒸發量(liang)不足,導(dao)致(zhi)壓(ya)縮機(ji)吸氣(qi)壓(ya)力(li)過(guo)(guo)低,冷量(liang)減少并可能使壓(ya)縮機(ji)過(guo)(guo)熱;充注過(guo)(guo)量(liang)又會(hui)(hui)使進(jin)入冷凝器(qi)(qi)的制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)太(tai)多,導(dao)致(zhi)排氣(qi)壓(ya)力(li)過(guo)(guo)高,液態制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑(ji)回流,甚(shen)至可能損壞壓(ya)縮機(ji)。
2、注意制冷劑的形態
制冷(leng)劑有氣態(tai)和液(ye)(ye)態(tai)兩種,不同種類的制冷(leng)劑充注(zhu)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)有所(suo)差異,一般(ban)來(lai)說,只需少量制冷(leng)劑充入(ru)系統時,通常使用(yong)氣態(tai)充注(zhu)法(fa)(fa)(fa),精度更(geng)高(gao);需要充注(zhu)大量制冷(leng)劑則多(duo)采用(yong)液(ye)(ye)體充注(zhu)法(fa)(fa)(fa),速度更(geng)快。
3、充注過量如何放出制冷劑
充(chong)注制冷劑(ji)(ji)時,有時需(xu)要先將里(li)面的(de)(de)制冷劑(ji)(ji)放出來;充(chong)注過量時也(ye)需(xu)要放出多余的(de)(de)制冷劑(ji)(ji),如(ru)果(guo)系統含制冷劑(ji)(ji)充(chong)注量超過3-5kg,是有回收(shou)價值的(de)(de),可以用專門的(de)(de)回收(shou)裝(zhuang)置回收(shou);不然的(de)(de)話,讓制冷劑(ji)(ji)以蒸氣狀排至(zhi)大氣中即可。